I-counterpoint eyinkimbinkimbi |

I-counterpoint eyinkimbinkimbi - inhlanganisela ye-polyphonic yamazwi athuthukiswe ngomculo (ahlukile noma afanayo ekulingiseni), eklanyelwe ukuphindaphinda okuguquliwe okuphambene nomthetho, ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngokushintsha kwesilinganiso lala mazwi (ngokungafani ne-counterpoint elula - i-German einfacher Kontrapunkt - inhlanganisela ye-polyphonic yamazwi asetshenzisiwe kokukodwa kuphela kwezinhlanganisela zabo).

Kwamanye amazwe, igama elithi “S. kuye.” akusebenzi; kuye. izincwadi zomculo zisebenzisa umqondo ohlobene othi mehrfacher Kontrapunkt, osho indawo ephikisayo enyakazayo ephindwe kathathu noma kane kuphela. Ku-S. kuya ku., ukuxhumana koqobo (okunikeziwe, okwangempela) kwe-melodic kuyahlukaniswa. amazwi kanye nenhlanganisela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokuphuma kokunye - ipholyfoni. izinketho zangempela. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinguquko, ngokwezimfundiso ze-SI Taneyev, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-counterpoint: i-counterpoint yeselula (ihlukaniswe yaba iselula eqondile, evundlile kanye neselula ephindwe kabili), i-counterpoint ehlehliswayo (ihlukaniswe yaba ephelele futhi engaphelele ehlehliswayo) kanye ne-counterpoint, evumela ukuphinda kabili (enye yezinhlobonhlobo ze-counterpoint yeselula). Zonke lezi zinhlobo ze-S. zivame ukuhlanganiswa; isibonelo, ku-fugue Credo (No 12) kusukela kusisindo sika-JS Bach ku-h-moll, izethulo ezimbili zempendulo (ezilinganisweni 4 no-6) zakha uxhumano lokuqala - i-stretta enebanga lokungena lezilinganiso ezingu-2 (ezikhiqizwe kabusha ngo- izilinganiso 12-17), emigqeni engu-17-21, ukuxhuma kokuphuma kokunye kuzwakala endaweni ephindwe kabili egudlukayo (ibanga lesingeniso liyizilinganiso eziyi-11/2 ngokushintshwa okuqondile kwezwi eliphansi lokuxhumana kwasekuqaleni phezulu nge-duodecime, izwi eliphezulu lehle ngeyesithathu), ezilinganisweni ezingu-24-29 kwakhiwa ukuxhumana okuphuma kokunye kusuka ekuxhumekeni ezilinganisweni ezingu-17-21 endaweni ephikisanayo egudlukayo (Iv = – 7 – i-counterpoint ephindwe kabili ye-octave; ikhiqizwe futhi ekuphakameni okuhlukile kumabha 29 -33), ukusuka kubha 33 kulandela i-stretta ngamaphimbo ama-4 nokwanda kwetimu ku-bass: phezulu. ipheya yamazwi imele inhlanganisela esuselwe ku-stretta yasekuqaleni endaweni ephindwe kabili esuswayo (ibanga lesingeniso 1/4 ibha; edlalwa endaweni ehlukile kumabha 38-41) ngokuphinda kabili phezulu. amazwi ngeyesithupha ukusuka ezansi (esibonelweni, amazwi e-polyphonic angafakiwe kulezi zinhlanganisela ezingenhla, kanye nezwi lesi-8 elihambisana nalo, azifakiwe). Qaphela isibonelo bheka ikhol. 94.

Ku-fp. quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva, umsebenzi wokuqala wenziwa ngokuxhunywa kwendikimba yeqembu eliyinhloko nenguqulo yalo ehlehlisiwe ekuqaleni kokuphindwa kwengxenye yoku-1 (isilinganiso se-2 ngemva kwenombolo 72);

Inhlanganisela Yokungavumelani ku-Credo (Nombolo 12) evela eMiseni ku-h-moll ngu-JS Bach.

i-derivative ngesimo se-canon (inombolo 78) yakhiwa ngenxa yokushintsha okuvundlile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibambe izwi eliphezulu ekukhuleni; ekuqaleni kwe-coda (isilinganiso sesi-3 ngemva kwenombolo engu-100) okuphuma kokunye endaweni ephindwe kabili egudlukayo (ibanga lokungena liyisilinganiso esingu-1, izwi eliphansi linyakaziswa yi-decima, elingenhla nge-quintdecima phansi); ukushintshashintsha kwe-contrapuntal kuphelela ku-coda yokugcina, lapho kushintshwa umsindo we-canonical. ukulandelana (inombolo engu-219), emele uxhumano oluphuma kokunye endaweni ephindwe kabili ehambayo (ibanga lesingeniso izilinganiso ezi-2, womabili amazwi ahamba ngokuqondile); ngokuqhubekayo (ibha yesi-4 ngemva kwenombolo engu-220) uxhumano oluphuma kokunye luyikhenoni enokunyakaza okuqondile nokuvundlile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nokukhuphuka okuphindwe kane kumabhesi (amazwi ahambisanayo naphindeka kabili ashiywa esibonelweni):

Izinhlanganisela ze-Contrapuntal kupiyano quintet g-moll op. 30 SI Taneeva.

Phetha. i-canon ehlehlayo ukusuka ku-b-moll fugue kusukela kuvolumu yesi-2 ye-JS Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier iyisibonelo sendawo engaphelele ebuyiseleka emuva ephindwe kabili. Inombolo yesihlanu evela kokuthi “Umnikelo Womculo” ka-Bach iyikhanoni engapheli esakazwayo ehambisana naleli zwi, lapho ukuxhumana kokuqala kwakhela phezulu. izwi nokulula (P), okuphuma kokunye endaweni engaphelele ebuyiseleka emuva egudlukayo evundlile - ngezwi elifanayo ne-risposta (i-R Compound counterpoint):

S. kuye. - indawo ehlotshaniswa kakhulu nohlangothi olunengqondo lokusungula. inqubo yomqambi, enquma kakhulu isithombe esihambisanayo seminyuziyamu. inkulumo. S. kuye. - isisekelo sokubumba ku-polyphony, enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-polyphonic. ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlukahluka. Amathuba ayo abonakala futhi athuthukiswa ongcweti besitayela esiqinile; ezikhathini ezalandela zokuthuthuka komculo. icala kanye nesimanje. Umculo ka-S usetshenziswa kakhulu ku-polyphonic. kanye namafomu e-homophonic.

Isibonelo somculo esivela kunguqulo yesingeniso se-Taneyev's Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing.

Inkululeko ye-harmonic yomculo wesimanje ivumela abaqambi ukuthi basebenzise okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-S. kanye nenhlanganisela yabo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kuNombolo 23 kusukela ku-Shchedrin's Polyphonic Notebook, inhlanganisela yokuqala yazo zombili izingqikithi ze-fugue ephindwe kabili (amabha 1-5) inikeza isethi (bona amabha 9, 14, 19 kanye no-22, 30, 35., 40 , 45) yezinhlanganisela ezingaphindi eziphuma kokunye endaweni ephikisayo eqondile, evundlile futhi esuseka kabili (ngokuphinda kabili).

Izinhlobo ezintathu ezibonisiwe ze-S. U-SI Taneyev ubheka okuyinhloko, kodwa hhayi kuphela okungenzeka. Ucezu olushicilelwe oluvela enguqulweni yesingeniso sencwadi ethi "I-Mobile counterpoint yokubhala ngokuqinile" sikhombisa ukuthi uTaneyev ufakwe endaweni yase-uXNUMXbuXNUMXbS. k. futhi lolo hlobo lwayo, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-compound derivative njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa kokunyakaza kwe-rakish.

Emibhalweni yakhe, u-SI Taneev akazange acabangele ukuhlehliswa (nakuba lokhu kwakuyingxenye yezinhlelo zocwaningo lwakhe lwesayensi) noma i-contrapoint counterpoint (njengoba, ngokusobala, yayingenakho ukubaluleka okukhulu okusebenzayo ngaleso sikhathi). Ithiyori ye-polyphony, kucatshangelwa izici zesimanje. umkhuba womqambi, wandisa umqondo we-S. futhi ibheka njengezinhlobo zayo ezizimele i- rakohodny counterpoint, futhi ivumela ukwanda noma ukuncipha kwenhlanganisela ephuma kokunye ukuze. kusukela kumavoti omculo woqobo. Isibonelo, ekugcineni okumise okwe-rondo kwe-symphony yesi-3 ka-Karaev, i-refrain yokuqala ibhalwe ngendlela ye-3-goal. izinto eziqanjiwe lapho amazwi angenayo (efana nesigqi esifana nendikimba) engezwa kanye nezengezo eziphikisayo ezivela emisindweni yochungechunge lwe-dodecaphone; I-2nd hold of the refrain (inombolo 4) iyinhlanganisela ephuma kokunye endaweni ephikisana ne-recoil; esiqeshini sesi-2, esibhalwe ngendlela ye-fugue, i-reprise stretta (izilinganiso eziyi-16 ezifika kunombolo 10) yenziwe ngokuqhuba ingqikithi ekunyakazeni okuya phambili nangaseceleni; ekuqaleni kokuphindaphinda kwengxenye yokuqala ye-symphony (inombolo 1), igoli le-16 lizwakala. i-canon engapheli, ikuphi phezulu. izwi liwuchungechunge lwetimu ngokuqondile, izwi eliphakathi lisekunyakazeni okuslingiswa, kanti eliphansi lihamba ngokuhlehla ukushelela.

I-Counterpoint, evumela ukwanda noma ukwehla kokukodwa noma okumbalwa. amazwi, afundwe kancane ngokwethiyori.

U-HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Indaba Yedolobha Elingabonakali laseKitezh ...", isenzo sesi-3, isigcawu 2.

Izibonelo eziningi zomculo wakudala nowesimanje zibonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela nokwanda noma ukwehla kuvame ukuvela ngaphandle kokubala kokuqala, ungahlosile (bona isibonelo esingenhla esivela ku-Bach's Credo; “Ukukhishwa” – ingxenye yesi-2 ye-“Little Chamber Music No. 1” ka-L. Grabowski – zenziwe ngokuqhuba itimu ye-dodecaphonic , lapho ukuhlukahluka kwayo kwengezwe ekunciphiseni okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-15). Kodwa-ke, kweminye imisebenzi, ukuthola inhlanganisela ephuma kokunye yalolu hlobo, ngokusobala, bekuyingxenye yenhloso yomqambi, okufakazela ukuthi isisekelo sazo siyingxenye yendawo ye-s. I-Bach; engxenyeni yokuqala ye-symphony ye-1 ye-Glazunov, i-derivative (inombolo 1) isekelwe ku-compound yasekuqaleni (inombolo engu-8) endaweni engaphelele ehlehliswayo eguquguqukayo ngokunyuka kwelinye lamazwi; inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi enetimu ekhulayo yakha izinhlanganisela eziphuma kokunye ku-FP. I-G-moll quintet kaTaneyev (izinombolo 30 no-31; bheka isibonelo ku-col. 78).

V. Tormis. “Kungani belinde u-Jaan” (Nombolo 4 womjikelezo wamakhwaya “Izingoma Zosuku LukaJan”).

I-Modern theory of polyphony yenza izinguquko ekuchazeni i-counterpoint, evumela ukuphindaphinda, kusukela ku-harmonic. izindinganiso zomculo zekhulu lama-20. kodwa khawula ukusetshenziswa kokuphindaphinda ukuze.-l. def. izikhawu noma izingoma. Isibonelo, esigcawini sesi-2 sesenzo sesi-3 se-opera ethi "Inganekwane Yedolobha Elingabonakali LaseKitezh kanye Nentombi Fevronia" kaRimsky-Korsakov (inombolo 210), ukulingisa i-leitmotif yamaTatars kuvezwa izingqondo ezifanayo. amachords esikhombisa (bheka isibonelo a); engomeni ethi “Kungani belindele u-Yaan” (Nombolo 4 womjikelezo wekhorasi othi “Izihlabelelo Zosuku Luka-Yaan” ka-V. Tormis), amazwi anyakaza ngokwesihlanu okuhambisanayo (“ukuvumelana okuhamba ziqonde phezulu”, njengoba kuchazwe u-SS Grigoriev; bheka isibonelo b), kuNombolo 7 womjikelezo ofanayo wokuphinda kabili ube nemvelo yeqoqo (bona isibonelo c);

V. Tormis. “Ingoma Yosuku LukaJan” (Nombolo 7 ochungechungeni lwekhwaya “Izingoma Zosuku LukaJan”).

kokuthi “Ebusuku” ku-“Scythian Suite” ka-Prokofiev amazwi okwakhiwa kohlobo lwe-canon aphindwa ngamachords ezakhiwo ezahlukene (bona isibonelo d, col. 99).

SS Prokofiev. "I-Scythian Suite", ingxenye yesithathu ("Ebusuku").

Ithebula lazo zonke inhlanganisela engenzeka ngokwethiyori yezinhlobo ze-s. ku.

References: I-Taneev SI, i-Movable counterpoint yokubhala okuqinile, i-Leipzig, i-1909, i-M., i-1959; I-Taneev SI, Ifa lesayensi nelokufundisa, M., 1967; I-Bogatyrev SS, i-Reversible counterpoint, i-M., i-1960; Korchinsky E., Embuzweni wenkolelo-mbono yokulingisa okuseBhayibhelini, L., 1960; UGrigoriev SS, Eculweni likaRimsky-Korsakov, M., 1961; Yuzhak K., Ezinye izici zesakhiwo se-fugue ngu-JS Bach, M., 1965; I-Pustylnik I. Ya., I-counterpoint Movable and free writing, L., 1967. Bheka futhi i-lit. ngaphansi kwezihloko ezithi Movable counterpoint, Reversible counterpoint, Rakokhodny movement.

VP Frayonov