Paul Badura-Skoda |

Paul Badura-Skoda

Umculi oguquguqukayo - ocula yedwa, i-ensemble player, umqhubi, uthisha, umcwaningi, umbhali - lona ungomunye wabameleli abahamba phambili besizukulwane sangemva kwempi yesikole sopiyano sase-Austrian. Eqinisweni, bekungeke kube okunembile ngokuphelele ukumhlukanisa ngokungenamibandela njengesikole sase-Austrian: ngemva kwakho konke, ngemva kokuphothula e-Vienna Conservatory ekilasini lepiyano likaProfesa Viola Tern (kanye nasekilasini eliqhubayo), uBadura-Skoda wafunda ngaphansi kwesikole. isiqondiso sika-Edwin Fischer, ambheka njengothisha wakhe oyinhloko. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ingokomoya likaFischer lashiya ithonya elingaqinile ekubukeni kwe-Badur-Skoda; ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobene eduze neVienna, lapho ehlala futhi esebenza khona, neVienna, okwamnika ingoma yopiyano kanye nalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isipiliyoni sokuzwa.

Umsebenzi wekhonsathi womdlali wepiyano waqala ngeminyaka yawo-50s. Ngokushesha, wazenza uchwepheshe onekhono notolika ocashile wama-Viennese classics. Ukusebenza okuphumelelayo emiqhudelwaneni eminingana yamazwe ngamazwe kwaqinisa idumela lakhe, kwamvulela iminyango yamahholo ekhonsathi, isiteji semikhosi eminingi. Ngokushesha abagxeki bamqaphela njengengcweti yesitayela esihle, izinhloso zobuciko ezingathi sína kanye nokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukwethembeka kuhlamvu nomoya wombhalo wombhali, futhi ekugcineni bakhokhele ukukhululeka nenkululeko yomdlalo wakhe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphuzu abuthakathaka omculi osemusha awazange abonakale - ukuntuleka kokuphefumula okubanzi kwenkulumo, "ukufunda", ukushelela ngokweqile, ukuhamba ngezinyawo. “Usadlala ngokhiye, hhayi ngemisindo,” kuphawula u-I. Kaiser ngo-1965.

Ofakazi bokuthuthuka kobuciko bomculi kwakuyizilaleli zaseSoviet. I-Badura-Skoda, kusukela ngesizini ka-1968/69, yayivakashela njalo i-USSR. Ngokushesha wakhanga ukunaka ngobuqili be-nuance, ubuciko besitayela, ubuhle obuqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhumusha kwakhe kweChopin kwakubonakala kukhululekile kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kungafaneleki ngomculo ngokwawo. Kamuva, ngo-1973, umshayi wopiyano u-A. Ioheles ekubuyekezeni kwakhe ukuthi u-Badura-Skoda “usekhule waba umculi ovuthiwe onobuntu obuthile, ogxile, okokuqala, kuyimidlalo yakudala yaseViennese.” Ngempela, ngisho naphakathi nokuvakasha okubili kokuqala, kusukela ku-repertoire ebanzi ye-Badur-Skoda, i-sonatas kaHaydn (C enkulu) ne-Mozart (F enkulu) yayikhunjulwa kakhulu, futhi manje i-Schubert Sonata ku-C minor yaqashelwa njengempumelelo enkulu kakhulu. , lapho umdlali wopiyano ekwazile ukuthungatha "i-strong-willed, Beethovenian Start".

Umdlali wopiyano naye washiya umbono omuhle ensemble noDavid Oistrakh, adlala naye eHholo Elikhulu laseMoscow Conservatory. Kodwa-ke, ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga lomphelezeli ojwayelekile, umdlali wopiyano wayengaphansi kwe-violinist enkulu ngokujula, ukubaluleka kobuciko kanye nezinga lokuchazwa kwe-sonatas kaMozart.

Namuhla, lapho sibhekene ne-Badur-Skoda, sinikezwa umculi, nakuba enamakhono alinganiselwe, kodwa obubanzi obubanzi. Isipiliyoni esicebe kakhulu nolwazi lwe-encyclopedic, ekugcineni, ukugqama kwesitayela kumsiza ukuthi asebenzise izendlalelo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Uthena; “Ngisondela ku-repertoire njengomlingisi, utolika omuhle usondela endimeni yami; kufanele adlale iqhawe, hhayi yena, ethule abalingisi abahlukene abanobuqiniso obufanayo. Futhi kufanele ngisho ukuthi ezimweni eziningi umculi uyaphumelela, ngisho nalapho ephendukela ezindaweni ezibonakala zikude. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nasekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe - ngo-1951 - amakhonsathi aqoshiwe ka-Badura-Skoda kaRimsky-Korsakov noScriabin ngamarekhodi, futhi manje udlala ngokuzithandela umculo kaChopin, uDebussy, uRavel, uHindemith, uBartok, uFrank Martin (owokugcina). wanikezela Ikhonsathi yakhe Yesibili kuye yopiyano ne-orchestra). Futhi ezakudala zase-Viennese nezothando zisemaphakathi ezithakazelweni zakhe zokudala - kusukela ku-Haydn no-Mozart, kuya ku-Beethoven no-Schubert, kuya ku-Schumann no-Brahms. E-Austria nakwamanye amazwe, ukuqoshwa kwe-sonatas ka-Beethoven okwenziwe nguye kuphumelele kakhulu, futhi e-USA i-albhamu ethi Iqoqo Eliphelele lika-Schubert Sonatas Olwenziwa ngu-Badur-Skoda, eliqoshwe nge-oda lenkampani ye-RCA, laziswa kakhulu. Ngokuqondene noMozart, incazelo yakhe isabonakala ngesifiso sokucaca kwemigqa, ukuhleleka obala, nokuhola kwezwi eligxiviziwe. I-Badura-Skoda ayiculi kuphela izingoma eziyedwa zikaMozart, kodwa futhi nama-ensembles amaningi. U-Jörg Demus ube ngumlingani wakhe oqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi: baqophe zonke izingoma zika-Mozart zamapiyano amabili nezandla ezine kumarekhodi. Ukusebenzisana kwabo akukhawulelwe, nokho, kuMozart. Ngo-1970, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu-200 ka-Beethoven, abangani basakaza umjikelezo we-sonatas ka-Beethoven kumabonakude wase-Austria, ohambisana nawo nezincazelo ezithakazelisa kakhulu. U-Badura-Skoda wanikela ngezincwadi ezimbili ezinkingeni zokuhumusha umculo kaMozart noBeethoven, enye yazo eyabhalwa ngokuhlanganyela nomkakhe, enye noJörg Demus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabhala izindatshana eziningi kanye nezifundo mayelana nezakudala zaseViennese nomculo wokuqala, izinhlelo zamakhonsathi kaMozart, eziningi zemisebenzi kaSchubert (kuhlanganise nephupho elithi “Wanderer”), “Albhamu Yentsha” kaSchumann. Ngo-1971, ngenkathi eseMoscow, wanikeza inkulumo enengqondo e-Conservatory ngezinkinga zokuhumusha umculo wokuqala. Idumela lika-Badur-Skoda njengochwepheshe kanye nomdlali wezingoma zakudala zase-Viennese manje seliphakeme kakhulu - uhlale emenywa ukuthi anikeze izinkulumo futhi enze izifundo zobuciko bokudlala hhayi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme e-Austria kuphela, kodwa nase-USA, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia namanye amazwe.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990