Vasily Alekseevich Pashkevich |

Vasily Pashkevich

Kuyaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba okhanyiselwe ukuthi ziwusizo kangakanani futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izingoma zeshashalazi ezihlekisayo ... Lesi isibuko lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi ukuzibona khona ngokucacile ... ububi, obungahlonishwa kangako, buvezwa phakade enkundleni yemidlalo ukuze kulungiswe isimilo nokulungiswa kwethu. Dramatic Dictionary 1787

Ikhulu le-1756 libhekwa njengenkathi yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kodwa ngisho nangemuva kwesifiso sokudlala izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, uthando lwezwe lonke lwe-opera yamahlaya yaseRussia, eyazalwa engxenyeni yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka, iyamangalisa ngamandla ayo. nokungaguquguquki. Izingqinamba ezibucayi kakhulu, ezibuhlungu zesikhathi sethu - i-serfdom, ukukhulekelwa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe, ukubandlulula kwabathengisi, ububi baphakade besintu - ukuhaha, ukuhaha, amahlaya anesimo esihle kanye nokubhuqa - lolu hlobo lwamathuba akhona kakade kumahlaya okuqala asekhaya. ama-opera. Phakathi kwabadali balolu hlobo, indawo ebalulekile ingeka-V. Pashkevich, umqambi, i-violinist, umqhubi, umculi nothisha. Umsebenzi wakhe oguquguqukayo ushiye uphawu olubalulekile emculweni waseRussia. Noma kunjalo, kuncane kakhulu esikwaziyo ngokuphila komqambi kuze kube namuhla. Cishe akukho lutho olwaziwa ngemvelaphi yakhe kanye neminyaka yokuqala. Ngokwemiyalelo yesazi-mlando somculo u-N. Findeisen, ngokuvamile kuyamukelwa ukuthi ngo-1763 uPashkevich wangena enkonzweni yenkantolo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1773 umculi osemusha wayengumdlali we-violinist enkundleni ye-orchestra ethi "ball". Ngo-74-XNUMX. U-Pashkevich wafundisa ukucula e-Academy of Arts, futhi kamuva e-Court Singing Chapel. Waziphatha kahle izifundo zakhe, okwaphawulwa encazelweni yomculi ngumhloli weSikole Sesikole: “… UMnu. Pashkevich, uthisha wokucula … wenze umsebenzi wakhe kahle futhi wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze abambe iqhaza empumelelweni yabafundi bakhe…” Kodwa umkhakha omkhulu okwavulwa kuwo ithalente lomculi kwaba – Lena yaseshashalazini.

Ngo-1779-83. I-Pashkevich ihlanganyele ne-Free Russian Theatre, i-K. Knipper. Kuleli qoqo, ngokubambisana nababhali bemidlalo abavelele u-Y. Knyazhnin noM. Matinsky, umqambi udale ama-comic operas akhe angcono kakhulu. Ngo-1783, uPashkevich waba umculi wegumbi lenkantolo, wabe eseba "i-chapel master of ballroom music", i-violinist-regitator emndenini kaCatherine II. Ngalesi sikhathi, umqambi usevele engumculi onegunya owazuza ukuqashelwa kabanzi futhi waze wathola nezinga lokuba ngumhloli wekolishi. Ekuqaleni kwe-3s kanye ne-80s. Kwavela imisebenzi emisha kaPashkevich yaseshashalazini - ama-opera asekelwe emibhalweni kaCatherine II: ngenxa yesikhundla esincike enkantolo, umculi waphoqeleka ukuba aveze imibhalo encane ye-empress yobuciko kanye ne-pseudo-folk. Ngemva kokufa kukaCatherine, umqambi waxoshwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kwempesheni futhi wafa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yefa lomculi ama-opera, nakuba izingoma zamakhwaya ezisanda kwakhiwa ze-Court Singing Chapel – Mass kanye namakhonsathi ama-5 ekhwaya enezingxenye ezine nawo ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ukunwetshwa okunjalo kohlobo lohlobo akushintshi ingqikithi: U-Pashkevich ngokuyinhloko ungumqambi wetiyetha, inkosi ezwelayo futhi enekhono yezixazululo eziphumelelayo ezisebenzayo. Izinhlobo ezi-2 zemisebenzi yaseshashalazini kaPashkevich zihlukaniswa ngokucace kakhulu: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lawa ama-comic operas wentando yeningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenzela inkundla yaseshashalazini ( "Fevey" - 1786, "Fedul with Children" - 1791 , kanye no-V. Martin-i-Soler ; umculo womdlalo othi "Oleg's Initial Management" - 1790, kanye no-C. Canobbio no-J. Sarti). Ngenxa yobudedengu obumangalisayo be-libretto, lawa ma-opuses abonakala engenakwenzeka, nakuba aqukethe izinto eziningi zomculo kanye nezigcawu ezikhanyayo ezihlukene. Imidlalo yasenkantolo ibihlukaniswa ubukhazikhazi obungakaze bubonwe. Umuntu owayephila ngaleso sikhathi owayemangele wabhala ngomdlalo we-opera we-Fevey: “Angikaze ngiwubone umbukwane ohlukahlukene nobe muhle kakhulu, bekunabantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu esiteji! Kodwa-ke, ehholo … sonke ndawonye sasingaphansi kwamashumi amahlanu izibukeli: indlovukazi inzima kakhulu mayelana nokufinyelela eHermitage. Kuyacaca ukuthi la ma-opera awazange ashiye uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni womculo waseRussia. Isiphetho esihlukile silindelwe ama-comic opera angu-4 - "Ishwa Lenqola" (1779, lib. Y. Knyazhnina), "The Miser" (c. 1780, lib. Y. Knyazhnin ngemva kukaJB Molière), "Tunisia Pasha" (umculo. ayilondolozwanga, mahhala nguM. Matinsky), “Njengoba uphila, uzokwaziwa kanjalo, noma iSt. . Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esibalulekile nomehluko wohlobo, wonke ama-comic opera omqambi amakwa ubunye bomumo wokusola. Bamelela ngendlela egculisayo imikhuba namasiko agxekwa ababhali abaphambili baseRussia bekhulu lesi-1. Imbongi kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi u-A. Sumarokov wabhala:

Cabanga nje umabhalane ongenamphefumulo odabeni, Ijaji elingakuqondi lokho okulotshwe esimisweni Ngibonise i-dandy ephakamisa ikhala lakhe Lokho ikhulu leminyaka elikucabangayo ngobuhle bezinwele. Ngibonise ngikhukhumele ngiqunjelwe njengexoxo Isikhohlakali esimi ngomumo isigamu.

Umqambi udlulisele igalari yobuso obunjalo esiteji setiyetha, ngenjabulo eguqule izimo ezimbi zokuphila emhlabeni wezithombe zobuciko ezimangalisayo nezicacile ezinamandla omculo. Ehleka lokho okufanele ukuhlekwa usulu, umlaleli ngesikhathi esifanayo uthanda ukuvumelana kwesiteji somculo sonke.

Umqambi wakwazi ukuveza izici eziyingqayizivele zomuntu ngomculo, ukuveza ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa, ukunyakaza okucashile komphefumulo. Imidlalo yakhe yamahlaya iheha ngobuqotho obumangalisayo nokwethembeka esiteji kuyo yonke imininingwane, noma iyiphi idivayisi yomculo. Zibonise ubuhlakani bomqambi bemvelo bokubhala kwe-orchestra nezwi, umsebenzi omuhle wezisusa, nezinsimbi ezicatshangelwayo. Ubuqiniso bezici zezenhlalo nezengqondo zamaqhawe, ahlanganiswe ngomculo ngozwela, avikele uPashkevich inkazimulo yekhulu le-Dargomyzhsky XVIII. Ubuciko bakhe ngokufanelekile bungokwezibonelo eziphakeme kakhulu zesiko laseRussia lenkathi ye-classicism.

N. Zabolotnaya