I-State Academic Chapel yase-St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Court Capella) |

Saint Petersburg Court Capella

I-State Academic Chapel yase-St. Petersburg yinhlangano yekhonsathi e-St. Inehholo layo lekhonsathi.

I-St. Petersburg Singing Chapel iyikwaya endala kakhulu yaseRussia. Yasungulwa ngo-1479 eMoscow njengekwaya yabesilisa yalabo okuthiwa. amadikoni angama-chorist azimele ukuba abambe iqhaza ezinkonzweni ze-Assumption Cathedral kanye “nasezijabulisa zomhlaba” zesigodlo. Ngo-1701 wahlelwa kabusha ekwayeni yasenkantolo (abesilisa nabafana), ngo-1703 washintshelwa eSt. Ngo-1717 wahamba noPeter I baya ePoland, eJalimane, eHolland, eFrance, lapho aqala khona ukwethula ukucula kwamakwaya aseRussia kubalaleli bakwamanye amazwe.

Ngo-1763 ikhwaya yaqanjwa kabusha yaba i-Imperial Court Singing Chapel (abantu abayi-100 ekwayeni). Kusukela ngo-1742, abaculi abaningi bebelokhu bengamalungu ekhwaya kuma-opera ase-Italy, futhi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-18. futhi abadlali bezingxenye ezizimele kuma-opera aseRussia okuqala enkundleni yaseshashalazini. Kusukela ngo-1774, iqembu lomculo belilokhu linikeza amakhonsathi eSt. Petersburg Music Club, ngo-1802-50 lihlanganyela kuwo wonke amakhonsathi e-St. ngokokuqala ngqa, kanti abanye emhlabeni, kuhlanganisa neMisa likaBeethoven's Solemn, 1824). Ngo-1850-82, umsebenzi wekhonsathi wendlu yesonto wawusehholo leNhlangano Yekhonsathi endlini yesonto.

Njengoba yayiyisikhungo sesiko lamakwaya aseRussia, isonto alizange libe nomthelela kuphela ekwakhiweni kwamasiko omculo wamakwaya eRussia, kodwa futhi nesitayela sokubhala kwamakhwaya ngaphandle kokuhambisana (i-cappella). Abaculi besimanje abadumile baseRussia nabaseNtshonalanga (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, njll.) baphawule ukuvumelana, iqoqo eliyingqayizivele, inqubo ye-virtuoso, ukuba nomphumela ongenakuqhathaniswa ukuhlungwa okuhle kakhulu komsindo wekhwaya namazwi amahle (ikakhulukazi ama-bass octavists).

Isonto laliholwa abalingiswa bomculo nabaqambi: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) nabanye. kwakunguMI Glinka.

Kusukela ngo-1816, abaqondisi bendlu yesonto banikezwa ilungelo lokushicilela, ukuhlela, nokugunyaza ukusebenza kwezingoma ezingcwele zabaqambi baseRussia. Ngo-1846-1917, i-chapel yayinamakilasi esikhathi esigcwele kanye nesikhashana aqhuba (regency), futhi kusukela ngo-1858 amakilasi wezinsimbi avulwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-orchestra, ezilungiselelwe (ngokwezinhlelo ze-Conservatory) abacula kanye nabaculi beqembu. i-orchestra yeziqu eziphakeme kakhulu.

Amakilasi afinyelela ekuthuthukisweni okukhethekile ngaphansi kuka-NA Rimsky-Korsakov (umsizi womphathi ngo-1883-94), okwathi ngo-1885 wakha i-orchestra ye-symphony evela kubafundi besonto, edlala ngaphansi kwenduku yabaqhubi abavelele kakhulu. Othisha bamakilasi ekwaya yezinsimbi babengababhidisi abadumile, abaqambi, nabaculi abaculayo.

Ngo-1905-17, imisebenzi yesonto yayilinganiselwe ikakhulukazi emicimbini yesonto nenkolo. Ngemuva kweNguquko ka-Okthoba ka-1917, ingoma yekwaya yayihlanganisa izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhwaya angasoze abuna emhlabeni, imisebenzi yabaqambi baseSoviet, nezingoma zomdabu. Ngo-1918, isonto laguqulwa laba yiPeople's Choir Academy, kusukela ngo-1922 - i-State Academic Chapel (kusukela ngo-1954 - yaqanjwa ngo-MI Glinka). Ngo-1920, ikhwaya yagcwaliswa ngamazwi abesifazane futhi yaxutshwa.

Ngo-1922, kwahlelwa isikole samakhwaya kanye nesikole sobuchwepheshe samakhwaya sasemini endlini yesonto (kusukela ngo-1925, kwahlelwa nesikole samakhwaya sakusihlwa sabantu abadala). Ngo-1945, ngesisekelo sesikole somculo, i-Choir School yasungulwa ekwayeni (kusukela ngo-1954 - yaqanjwa ngo-MI Glinka). Ngo-1955 i-Choral School yaba inhlangano ezimele.

Iqembu le-chapel lenza umsebenzi omkhulu wekhonsathi. I-repertoire yakhe ihlanganisa amakhwaya asendulo nesimanje angaphelezelwa, izinhlelo ezivela emisebenzini yabaqambi basekhaya, izingoma zomdabu (isiRashiya, isi-Ukraine, njll.), kanye nemisebenzi emikhulu yohlobo lwe-cantata-oratorio, eminingi yayo eyenziwa yindlu yesonto I-USSR okokuqala ngqa. Phakathi kwabo: "Alexander Nevsky", "Guardian of the World", "Toast" by Prokofiev; "Ingoma Yamahlathi", "Ilanga Likhanya Ezweni Lakithi" nguShostakovich; "Ensimini yaseKulikovo", "Inganekwane Yempi Yezwe LaseRussia" kaShaporin, "Abayishumi Nambili" kaSalmanov, "Virineya" kaSlonimsky, "I-Tale of Igor's Campaign" kaPrigogine neminye imisebenzi eminingi yeSoviet kanye abaqambi bakwamanye amazwe.

Ngemuva kuka-1917, isonto laliholwa abaqhubi bekwayala abadumile baseSoviet: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), kusukela ngo-1974 - VA Chernushenko. Ngo-1928 isonto lavakashela eLatvia, eJalimane, eSwitzerland, e-Italy, nango-1952 iGDR.

References: UMuzalevsky VI, Ikwaya endala yaseRussia. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), I-State Academic Chapel eqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka, L., 1957; I-Academic Chapel eqanjwe ngo-MI Glinka, encwadini: Musical Leningrad, L., 1958; ULokshin D., amakwaya aseRussia aphawulekayo nabaqhubi bawo, uM., 1963; Kazachkov S., Izitayela ezimbili - amasiko amabili, "SM", 1971, No 2.

DV Tkachev