Eugen Arturovich Kapp |

Eugen Kapp

“Umculo uyimpilo yami…” Kulawa magama i-credo ka-E. Kapp ivezwa ngendlela efingqiwe kakhulu. Ecabanga ngenjongo kanye nengqikithi yobuciko bomculo, wagcizelela; ukuthi “umculo usivumela ukuba siveze bonke ubukhulu bemibono yenkathi yethu, konke ukunotha kweqiniso. Umculo uyindlela enhle kakhulu yokufundisa abantu ukuziphatha okuhle. U-Kapp usebenze ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko kukhona ama-opera angu-6, ama-ballet angu-2, i-operetta, ama-23 asebenzela i-symphony orchestra, ama-cantata angu-7 nama-oratorios, izingoma ezingaba ngu-300. Ithiyetha yomculo ithatha indawo esemqoka emsebenzini wakhe.

Umndeni wabaculi bakwa-Kapp ube ngumholi empilweni yomculo yase-Estonia iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Umkhulu ka-Eugen, u-Issep Kapp, wayengumculi womculo womculo kanye nombhidisi. Ubaba – u-Arthur Kapp, ngemva kokuphothula e-St. Petersburg Conservatory ekilasini lezitho zomzimba kanye noProfesa L. Gomilius futhi ehlanganiswe no-N. Rimsky-Korsakov, wathuthela e-Astrakhan, lapho ephethe khona igatsha lendawo le-Russian Musical Society. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wasebenza njengomqondisi wesikole somculo. Lapho, e-Astrakhan, u-Eugen Kapp wazalelwa. Ikhono lomfana lomculo libonakale kusenesikhathi. Ngokufunda ukudlala upiyano, wenza imizamo yakhe yokuqala yokuqamba umculo. Umkhathi womculo owawubusa endlini, imihlangano ka-Eugen no-A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, owafika ngokuvakasha, ukuvakashela njalo kwemidlalo ye-opera namakhonsathi - konke lokhu kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwekusasa. umqambi.

Ngo-1920, u-A. Kapp wamenywa njengomqhubi we-Estonia Opera House (kamuva kamuva - uprofesa e-conservatory), futhi umndeni wathuthela eTallinn. U-Eugen wachitha amahora amaningi ehlezi eqenjini lezinsimbi, eduze kwesitendi somqhubi kayise, elandela eduze konke okwakwenzeka. Ngo-1922, u-E. Kapp wangena e-Tallinn Conservatory ekilasini lepiyano likaProfesa P. Ramul, ngaleso sikhathi u-T. Lembn. Kodwa le nsizwa iya ngokuya ikhangwa ukwakheka kwayo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omkhulu - Izinguquko Eziyishumi zePiano ngendikimba eyabekwa uyise. Kusukela ngo-1926, u-Eugen ubengumfundi eTallinn Conservatory ekilasini likayise lokuqamba. Njengomsebenzi we-diploma ekupheleni kwe-conservatory, wethula inkondlo ye-symphonic "Avenger" (1931) kanye nePiano Trio.

Ngemva kokuphothula e-conservatory, u-Kapp uyaqhubeka nokuqamba umculo ngentshiseko. Kusukela ngo-1936, ubelokhu ehlanganisa umsebenzi wokudala nokufundisa: ufundisa ithiyori yomculo e-Tallinn Conservatory. Entwasahlobo ka-1941, u-Kapp wathola umsebenzi ohloniphekile wokudala i-ballet yokuqala yase-Estonia esekelwe ku-epic Kalevipoeg kazwelonke (iNdodana Kalev, mahhala ngu-A. Syarev). Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1941, i-clavier ye-ballet yabhalwa, futhi umqambi waqala ukuyihlela, kodwa ukugqashuka kwempi kungazelelwe kwawuphazamisa umsebenzi. Ingqikithi eyinhloko emsebenzini kaKapp yayiyindikimba ye-Motherland: wabhala i-Symphony Yokuqala ("Patriotic", 1943), i-Violin yesibili Sonata (1943), amakhwaya "Izwe Lomdabu" (1942, art. J. Kärner), “Labor and Struggle” (1944, st. P. Rummo), “Namelana nezivunguvungu” (1944, st. J. Kyarner), njll.

Ngo-1945 u-Kapp waqeda i-opera yakhe yokuqala ethi The Fires of Vengeance (mahhala P. Rummo). Isenzo saso senzeka ngekhulu le-1944, phakathi nenkathi yokuvukela ubuqhawe kwabantu base-Estonia ngokumelene nama-Teutonic Knights. Ekupheleni kwempi e-Estonia, u-Kapp wabhala "I-Victory March" yebhendi yethusi (1948), eyazwakala lapho amabutho ase-Estonia engena eTallinn. Ngemva kokubuyela eTallinn, u-Kapp wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthola i-clavier ye-ballet yakhe uKalevipoeg, owasala edolobheni eligcwele amaNazi. Yonke iminyaka yempi, umqambi wayekhathazeke ngesiphetho sakhe. Yeka injabulo kaKapp lapho ezwa ukuthi abantu abathembekile babeyilondolozile i-clavier! Eqala ukuphothula i-ballet, umqambi waqala ukubuka kabusha umsebenzi wakhe. Wagcizelela ngokucacile isihloko esiyinhloko se-epic - umzabalazo wabantu base-Estonia ngokuzimela kwabo. Esebenzisa izingoma zoqobo zase-Estonian, wembula ngobuqili izwe langaphakathi labalingiswa. I-ballet iqale ukukhonjiswa ngo-10 e-Estonia Theatre. "I-Kalevipoeg" isibe yintandokazi yezilaleli zase-Estonia. UKapp wake wathi: “Bengihlale ngithakaselwa abantu abanikela ngamandla abo, izimpilo zabo ukuze banqobe umbono omkhulu wokuthuthuka komphakathi. Ukutuswa kwalaba bantu abavelele kuye kwaba futhi kubheka indlela yokuphuma ekudaleni. Lo mbono weciko elimangalisayo uqukethwe emisebenzini yakhe eminingi. Onyakeni we-1950 weSoviet Estonia, u-Kapp ubhala i-opera ethi The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952 edition 100, mahhala P. Rummo). Kunikezelwe enkumbulweni yembongi edumile yase-Estonia uJ. Syutiste. Ephonswe ejele ama-fascists aseJalimane, lomlweli wenkululeko onesibindi, njengo-M. Jalil, wabhala izinkondlo ezivuthayo emgodini, ecela abantu ukuba balwe nabahlaseli bamafascist. Eshaqiswe isiphetho sika-S. Allende, u-Kapp wanikela ngengoma yakhe eyi-requiem Over the Andes yekwaya yesilisa nomculi oyedwa emkhumbulweni. Ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka engu-XNUMX kwazalwa umguquli odumile u-X. Pegelman, u-Kapp wabhala ingoma ethi "Let the Hammers Knock" esusela ezinkondlweni zakhe.

Ngo-1975, i-opera ka-Kapp ethi Rembrandt yadlalwa eVanemuine Theatre. “Eculweni le-opera i-Rembrandt,” umqambi wabhala, “ngangifuna ukubonisa usizi lomzabalazo wengcweti ehlakaniphile enezwe elizicabangela lona nelihahayo, ukuhlushwa kobugqila bokudala, ukucindezelwa okungokomoya.” U-Kapp unikezele i-oratorio eyisikhumbuzo u-Ernst Telman (60, art. M. Kesamaa) ekugubheni iminyaka engu-1977 ye-Great October Revolution.

Ikhasi elikhethekile emsebenzini we-Kapp lakhiwe imisebenzi yezingane - ama-opera ethi The Winter's Tale (1958), The Extraordinary Miracle (1984, esekelwe enganekwaneni ka-GX Andersen), The Most Incredible, the ballet The Golden Spinners (1956), i-operetta "Assol "(1966), umculo" isimangaliso se-Cornflower "(1982), kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yezinsimbi. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yeminyaka yamuva kukhona ethi “Welcome Overture” (1983), i-cantata “Victory” (esiteshini sika-M. Kesamaa, 1983), i-Concerto ye-cello ne-chamber orchestra (1986), njll.

Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe ende, u-Kapp akazange azikhawulele ekudaleni umculo. UProfesa e-Tallinn Conservatory, waqeqesha abaqambi abadumile njengo-E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipand nabanye.

Imisebenzi yezenhlalo ka-Kapp inezici eziningi. Wasebenza njengomunye wabahleli beNyunyana Yabaqambi Yase-Estonia futhi iminyaka eminingi engusihlalo webhodi layo.

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