Nikolay Semenovych Golovanov (Nikolay Golovanov) |

Nikolay Golovanov

Kunzima ukwenza ihaba ngendima yalo mculi omangalisayo ekuthuthukiseni isiko lokuqhuba iSoviet. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane, umsebenzi othelayo kaGolovanov waqhubeka, ushiya uphawu oluphawulekayo kokubili esiteji se-opera nasekhonsathini yezwe. Waletha amasiko aphilayo ama-Classics aseRussia kubuciko bokudlala baseSoviet abasha.

Ebusheni bakhe, uGolovanov wathola isikole esihle kakhulu eMoscow Synodal School (1900-1909), lapho afundiswa khona abaqhubi bekwaya abadumile u-V. Orlov no-A. Kastalsky. Ngo-1914 waphothula iziqu ze-Honours e-Moscow Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba ngaphansi kuka-M. Ippolitov-Ivanov no-S. Vasilenko. Ngokushesha umqhubi osemusha wayeseqalile umsebenzi wokudala onamandla e-Bolshoi Theatre. Ngo-1919, uGolovanov wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wokudlala lapha - ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe i-opera kaRimsky-Korsakov ethi The Tale of Tsar Saltan yadlalwa.

Imisebenzi kaGolovanov yayinamandla futhi inezici eziningi. Eminyakeni yokuqala yenguquko, wahlanganyela ngentshiseko ekuhleleni i-studio ye-opera e-Bolshoi Theatre (kamuva i-Stanislavsky Opera House), ehambisana no-AV Nezhdanova ohambweni lwakhe lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu (1922-1923), ubhala umculo ( wabhala ama-opera amabili, i-symphony, ezothando eziningi nezinye izincwadi), ufundisa amakilasi e-opera nama-orchestra e-Moscow Conservatory (1925-1929). Kusukela ngo-1937, Golovanov uye wahola All-Union Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra, okuyinto, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, isibe elinye lamaqembu best zomculo kuleli zwe.

Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, ukusebenza kwekhonsathi kaGolovanov kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwezobuciko eSoviet Union. N. Anosov wabhala: “Lapho ucabanga ngesithombe sokudala sika-Nikolai Semenovich Golovanov, ingqikithi yakhe yesizwe ibonakala iyisici esiyinhloko, isici esibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlelwa kwezwe laseRussia lokusungula kugcwele imisebenzi eyenziwa nguGolovanov, eqhubayo futhi ehlanganisayo.

Ngempela, umqhubi wawubona umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko inkulumo-ze kanye nokusakazwa nxazonke komculo wasendulo waseRussia. Ezinhlelweni zobusuku bakhe be-symphony, amagama kaTchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Scriabin, Glazunov, Rachmaninov ayevame ukutholakala. Ephendukela emisebenzini yomculo waseSoviet, wabheka kuqala izici ezilandelanayo maqondana nezakudala zaseRussia; akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi uGolovanov wayengumculi wokuqala we-Symphonies Yesihlanu, Yesithupha, Yamashumi amabili Nesibili kanye ne-N. Myaskovsky ethi "Greeting Overture".

Ibhizinisi eliyinhloko ekuphileni kukaGolovanov kwaba yaseshashalazini zomculo. Futhi lapha ukunaka kwakhe kwakugxile kuphela kuma-classics e-opera yaseRussia. I-Bolshoi Theatre yadlala cishe imidlalo engamashumi amabili yokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe. I-repertoire yomqhubi yayihlotshiswe ngoRuslan noLyudmila, u-Eugene Onegin, iNdlovukazi ye-Spades, u-Boris Godunov, uKhovanshchina, i-Sorochinskaya Fair, i-Prince Igor, i-Tale of Tsar Saltan, uSadko, uMlobokazi we-Tsar, May Night, Ubusuku Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi, The I-Golden Cockerel, I-Tale yedolobha elingabonakali laseKitezh kanye ne-Maiden Fevronia-ngezwi, cishe wonke ama-opera amahle kakhulu abaqambi baseRussia.

Ngokumangalisayo, uGolovanov wazizwa ngobuqili futhi wayazi imininingwane yesiteji se-opera. Ukwakhiwa kwezimiso zakhe zaseshashalazini kwaqhutshwa kakhulu umsebenzi ohlangene no-A. Nezhdanova, F. Chaliapin, P. Sobinov. Ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi, uGolovanov wayehlale ehlolisisa zonke izinqubo zempilo yaseshashalazini, kuze kufike ekufakweni kwendawo. Ku-opera yaseRussia, wayekhangwe ngokuyinhloko ububanzi obuyingqopha-mlando, ubukhulu bemibono, nokuqina kwemizwelo. Njengoba ayenolwazi olunzulu ekuculweni kwezwi, wakwazi ukusebenza kahle nabahlabeleli, efuna ngokungakhathali ukuvezwa kobuciko kubo. M. Maksakova uyakhumbula: “Amandla omlingo wangempela ayephuma kuye. Ukuba khona kwakhe nje ngezinye izikhathi kwakwanele ukuzwa umculo ngendlela entsha, ukuqonda ama-nuances athile afihliwe ngaphambili. Lapho uGolovanov emi ngemuva kwekhonsoli, isandla sakhe sakha umsindo ngokunemba okukhulu, singakuvumeli ukuba "usakaze". Isifiso sakhe sokugcizelela kakhulu ukukhuphuka okunamandla kanye ne-tempo ngezinye izikhathi kwabangela ingxabano. Kodwa ngandlela thize, umbhidisi wafinyelela umbono ocacile wobuciko.”

UGolovanov wasebenza ne-orchestra ngokuphikelela nangenhloso. Izindaba mayelana "nonya" kaGolovanov ku-orchestra zaba cishe inganekwane. Kodwa lokhu kwakuwukuphela kwezidingo ezingaguquki zomculi, umsebenzi wakhe njengomculi. "Bathi umqhubi uphoqa intando yabadlali, uzithobe kuye," kuphawula uGolovanov. - Lokhu kuyiqiniso futhi kuyadingeka, kodwa, kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwemingcele enengqondo. Ekwenziweni kwencwadi eyodwa, kumele kube nencwadi yefa eyodwa. Lokhu kuthanda, yonke inhliziyo yakhe, wonke amandla akhe Golovanov wanikela enkonzweni yomculo Russian.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek