Isikhawu |

kusuka ku-lat. intervallum – isikhawu, ibanga

Isilinganiso semisindo emibili ngobude, okungukuthi, imvamisa yokudlidliza komsindo (bheka. Iphimbo lomsindo). Imisindo ethathwe ngokulandelana kwayo yenza umculo. I., imisindo ethathwe ngasikhathi sinye - i-harmonic. I. Umsindo ophansi u-I. ubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo sawo, kanti ongaphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi ongaphezulu. Ngomnyakazo womculo, ukwehla nokwenyuka I. kwakheka. I-I. ngayinye inqunywa umthamo noma amanani. inani, okungukuthi, inani lezinyathelo ezakhayo, nephimbo noma ikhwalithi, okungukuthi, inani lamathoni nama-semitones akugcwalisayo. Okulula kubizwa ngokuthi I., kwakhiwa ngaphakathi kwe-octave, inhlanganisela - I. ububanzi kune-octave. Igama I. khonza lat. izinombolo ze-ordinal zobulili besifazane, ezibonisa inani lezinyathelo ezifakwe ku-I ngayinye.; igama ledijithali engilisebenzisayo nalo; inani lethoni lika-I. liboniswa ngamagama: amancane, amakhulu, ahlanzekile, anda, ancishisiwe. I. Ezilula yilezi:

I-prima emsulwa (ingxenye 1) – amathoni angu-0 Isekhondi elincane (m. 2) – ^1/2 amathoni Isekhondi elikhulu (b. 2) – 1 ithoni Encane yesithathu (m. 3) – 1^1/2 amathoni Eyesithathu enkulu (b. 3) – amathoni ama-2 Iquart yengqikithi (ingxenye 4) – 2^1/2 amathoni Iquart yokusondeza (sw. 4) - amathoni ama-3 Yehla ngokwesihlanu (d. 5) - amathoni ama-3 Okuhlanzekile kwesihlanu (ingxenye 5) - 3^1/2 amathoni Amancane esithupha (m. 6) - amathoni ama-4 Isithupha esikhulu (b. 6) - 4^1/2 amathoni Amancane okwesikhombisa (m. 7) - amathoni ama-5 Okwesikhombisa okukhulu (b. 7) - 5^1/2 amathoni I-octave ehlanzekile (isahluko 8) - amathoni ayi-6

Inhlanganisela I. ivela lapho i-I. elula yengezwa ku-octave futhi igcina izici ze-I. ezilula ezifanayo nazo; amagama azo: nona, decima, undecima, duodecima, terzdecima, quarterdecima, quintdecima (ama-octave amabili); okubanzi I. abizwa ngokuthi: isekhondi ngemva kwama-octaves amabili, eyesithathu ngemva kwama-octaves amabili, njll. Abasohlwini I. babizwa nangokuthi i-basic noma i-diatonic, njengoba bakheka phakathi kwezinyathelo zesikali ezitholwa esikweni. ithiyori yomculo njengesisekelo se-diatonic frets (bheka i-Diatonic). I-Diatonic I. inganyuswa noma yehliswe ngokukhula noma ukuncipha nge-chromatic. semitone base noma phezulu I. Ngesikhathi esifanayo. ukuguqulwa kwe-multidirectional ku-chromatic. isemitone yazo zombili izinyathelo I. noma ngokushintshwa kwesinyathelo esisodwa kuchromatic. iphimbo livela kabili lenyuke noma lincishiswe kabili I. Konke okuthi I. kushintshwe ngokuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuthi yichromatic. I., diff. ngenani lezinyathelo eziqukethwe kuzo, kodwa ezifanayo ekubunjweni kwethoni (umsindo), zibizwa ngokuthi i-enharmonic elinganayo, isibonelo. fa – G-sharp (sh. 2) kanye ne-fa – A-flat (m. 3). Leli igama. Iphinde isetshenziswe ezithombeni ezifanayo ngevolumu nevelu yethoni. ngokusebenzisa i-anharmonic esikhundleni sayo yomibili imisindo, isb. U-F-sharp – si (ingxenye 4) no-G-flat – C-flat (ingxenye 4).

Ngokuphathelene ne-acoustic kukho konke ukuvumelana. I. zihlukaniswe ngongwaqa kanye nezinqamuki (bona Ungwaqa, Ukuhlukana).

Izikhathi ezilula eziyisisekelo (diatom) ezivela kumsindo kuya.

Izikhawu ezilula ezincishisiwe nezinwetshiwe kusuka kumsindo kuya.

Izikhawu ezilula ezinwetshwe kabili kusukela kumsindo C flat.

Izikhawu ezilula eziphindwe kabili ezincishisiwe kusuka kumsindo C ebukhali.

Izikhawu zeCompound (diatonic) ukusuka kumsindo kuya.

Ungwaqa I. uhlanganisa ama-prim nama-octaves (ungwaqa ophelele kakhulu), ungwaqa omsulwa kanye nengxenye yesihlanu (ungwaqa ophelele), izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko nezinkulu kanye nesithupha (ungwaqa ongaphelele). I-Dissonant I. ihlanganisa imizuzwana emincane nemikhulu, ukwanda. iquart, kwehliswe okwesihlanu, okuncane nokukhulu kwesikhombisa. Ukunyakaza kwemisindo I., nge-Krom, isisekelo sayo siba umsindo ongaphezulu, futhi phezulu kuba phansi, okubizwa. isikhalazo; ngenxa yalokho, kuvela i-I. entsha. Zonke ezihlanzekile I. ziphenduka zibe ezihlanzekile, ezincane zibe ezinkulu, ezinkulu zibe ezincane, zikhuphuke zibe zincishisiwe futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, zikhuphuke kabili zibe kabili zincishiswe futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Isamba samanani wethoni we-Simple I., aphendukela komunye nomunye, kuzo zonke izimo alingana namathoni ayisithupha, isibonelo. :b. 3 do-mi - amathoni ama-2; m. 6 mi-do – 4 amathoni i. njll.

VA Vakhromeev