Isikole samaRoma |

Isikole samaRoma - sho izinkombandlela zokudala ezathuthukiswa eRoma ngekhulu le-16-17.

1) R. sh. ku-polyphonic. uk. umculo uyadala. isikole, esakhiwe engxenyeni yesi-2. Ikhulu le-16 eliholwa yiPalestrina. Abalandeli bakhe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 kwakungu-JM no-JB Nanino, F. no-JF Anerio, F. Soriano. Nge-R. sh. isici ukugqama kwezinhlobo zomoya (i-cappella esethulweni se-polyphonic) - uquqaba, ama-motets. Abaqambi baseRoma nabo babhala ama-madrigals. Isitayela se-polyphonic sesikole (okuthiwa isitayela esiqinile) sasihlukaniswa ngokuhlanzeka kwayo, i-melodic ebushelelezi. imigqa, ungwaqa, ukutholwa kwe-harmonic. waqala nge-polyphonic. inhlanganisela amazwi. Ukwenqaba melodic. inkululeko kanye nokugqama okugcizelelwe, kusukela kuma-chromaticism, izigqi eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-harmonics. ukuqina, abamele u-R. sh. ukukhiqizwa okudaliwe. ngokujabula okunokuthula, okucabangelayo, okubabazekayo, okugcwele imizwelo ephezulu. Lezi Op. zahlangabezana nezimfuneko zamasonto amaKatolika phakathi ne-Counter-Reformation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, balungiselela, kanye neminye imisinga yomculo wenkohliso. Ikhulu le-16, ukuguquka kusuka ku-polyphony kuya ekuvumelaneni. Esikhathini esizayo, u-R. sh. yehla yaba isiqondiso sesonto lezemfundo. ikhwaya. umculo i-cappella futhi walahlekelwa incazelo yawo.

2) R. sh. ku-opera, esinye sezikole zokuqala ze-opera e-Italy, esavela kuma-20s kanye nama-30s. Ikhulu le-17 imigqa emibili yavezwa kuyo: ukusebenza kwe-opera yesitayela se-baroque ebabazekayo (eqala nge-opera ethi The Chain of Adonis ka-D. Mazzocchi, 1626) kanye ne-moraling-comic, eduze ne-commedia dell'arte (Vumela Ithemba Lokuhlupheka ngo- V. Mazzocchi kanye noM. Marazzoli, esakhiweni esivela kuDecameron nguBoccaccio, 1639). Ummeleli omkhulu we-R. sh. kwakuyikhompyutha. S. Landi (i-opera engcono kakhulu - "St. Alexei", ​​1632), ku-prod. ku-rogo kuhlangene ngezinga elithile kokubili ukuthambekela. Ama-opera ka-Lundy ahlanganisa amadlingozi, ngisho nenhlekelele. izimo, kristu. ukuziphatha kahle, ukucabanga kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Ingxube eyinqaba kakhulu kaKristu. ukuziphatha kanye ne-verisimilitude yohlobo kuyisici semidlalo yamahlaya yaseRoma. uhlobo. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezigcawu zohlobo (isibonelo, isigcawu esilungile), izici ezintsha zomculo zivele kule midlalo. isitayela - i-colloquial, ngokusekelwa okuncane kwe-harpsichord, ama-recitatives (i-recitativo secco), izingoma, amakhwaya omculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ku-opera yaseRoma, indima ye-ariose isiqalo (inkulumo yemizwa emangalisayo) yanda. L. Vittori (i-opera yomfundisi Galatea, 1639), M. Rossi (Erminia, 1637) naye wagqama phakathi kwabaqambi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-opera eRoma ngekhulu le-17 kwenzeka endaweni enzima futhi ikakhulukazi kuncike ebuntwini bomunye noma omunye upapa: i-operatic t-ru yayisekelwa (i-Urban VIII Barberini, uClement IX Rospigliosi), noma washushiswa. (opapa u-Innocent X kanye no-Innocent XII). Izakhiwo ze-T-ditch zakhiwa noma zacekelwa phansi. Amasiko R. sh. bese ngokwengxenye yathuthela eVenice futhi yathuthukiswa lapha kweminye imiphakathi. izimo.

References: Ademollo A., I teatri di Roma nel secolo decimosettimo, Roma, 1888; Goldschmidt H., Izifundo Kumlando we-Italian Opera ku-XVII. Century, Vol 1, Lpz., 1901; Rolland R., L'opera noma XVII siиcle en Italie, в кн.: Encyclopйdie de la musique et dictionnaire du Conservatoire… fondateur A. Lavignac, party I, (v. 2), P., 1913 (рус. пер. — в кн.: Роллан Р., Опера в XVII в. в Италии, Германии, Англии, М., 1931), Ridder L. de, Isabelo se-Comedia dell'Arte emlandweni womsuka nokuthuthukiswa kwamahlaya opera, Cologne, 1970 (Diss.).

TH Solovieva