Epitaph |

I-Epitaph (kusuka ku-Greek epitapios – tombstone, from epi – on, over and tapos – grave) – umbhalo wetshe lethuna, ngokuvamile evesini. Uhlobo E. lwakhiwe kuDkt. Greece naseRome. Esikweni laseYurophu, kokubili izinkondlo zangempela kanye nenganekwane, njengokungathi, ukuyikhiqiza kabusha - inkondlo ngomoya wombhalo wamatshe ethuneni, ekhona ngamalungelo afanayo nezinye izinkondlo "ezingasebenzi" - zasetshenziswa. I-Preserved E., enikezelwe kubaculi, isibonelo. umcilongo webutho lamaRoma (bheka incwadi: Fedorova EV, Latin Inscriptions, M., 1976, pp. 140, 250, No 340) kanye nomphathi wezitho, “owayeyazi ukwenza izitho zamanzi ngisho nokuqondisa ukunyakaza ( amanzi kuzo)". Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-E. wangempela nawo ayewumculo. Ngakho, ethuneni likaSeikil eTralles (Lydia, Asia Minor) ca. 100 BC e. iculo eliqoshiwe elinombhalo ohambisana nalo laqoshwa (bheka isibonelo somculo esihlokweni esithi, Ancient Greek modes). Ngekhulu le-19 ngokuvamile wakha iminyuziyamu. imikhiqizo, ngokwemvelo yayo ehambisana nombono we-u2buXNUMXbE. futhi ngezinye izikhathi aphathe leli gama. Phakathi kwazo kukhona umnyakazo wesi-XNUMX we-Berlioz's Funeral and Triumphal Symphony (Inkulumo Yasethuneni yetrombone eyedwa), E. to the Gravestone of Max Egon of Furstenberg” womtshingo, i-clarinet nehabhu kaStravinsky, abathathu E. (“Drei Grabschriften”) Dessau phezu kwe-op. B. Brecht (esikhumbuzweni sika-VI Lenin, M. Gorky no-R. Luxembourg), E. ekufeni kuka-K. Shimanovsky ngezintambo. I-orchestra ye-Sheligovsky, i-vocal-symphony. E. esikhumbuzweni sika-F. Garcia Lorca Nono nabanye. E. zihlobene neminye imikhiqizo. okuthiwa. izinhlobo zesikhumbuzo - imashi yomngcwabo, ukuphika, itshe lethuna (Le tombeau; suite "The Tomb of Couperin" ye-pianoforte Ravel, "Ingoma Ebuhlungu" ye-Lyadov Orchestra), amanye ama-elegies, uLamento, In memoriam (isingeniso "In Memory of TS Eliot» Stravinsky, «Esikhumbuzweni» for orchestra Schnittke).

Izinhlelo: I-epigram yesiGreki, i-trans. с древнегреч., (M., 1960); Izingoma zesiLatini Epigraphical. U-Br. Buecheler, fasc. 1-3, Lipsia, 1895-1926; Izingoma ze-Latin sepulchral. Iqoqwe ngu-J. Cholodniak, Petropolis, ngo-1897.

References: Petrovsky PA, izinkondlo zesiLatini epigraphic, M., 1962; Ramsay WM, Imibhalo Engahleliwe yase-Asia Minor, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 1883, v. 7, No. 21, p. 277-78; Crusius O., Ein Liederfragment auf einer antiken Statuenbasis, “Philologos”, 1891, Bd 50, S. 163-72; eyakhe, Zu neuentdeckten antiken Musikresten, ibid., 1893, S. 160-200; UMartin E., amadokhumenti e-Trois de musique grecque, P., 1953, p. 48-55; Fischer W., Das Grablied des Seikilos, der einzige Zeuge des antiken weltlichen Liedes, in Ammann-Festgabe, Vol. 1, Innsbruck, 1953, S. 153-65.

EV Gertzman