Isibopho, isibopho |

ital., kusukela ku-lat. obligatus - isibopho, esibalulekile

1) Ingxenye yensimbi emculweni. umsebenzi, ongeke washiywa futhi kufanele wenziwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Igama lisetshenziswa kanye nokuqokwa kwethuluzi, elisho iqembu; isibonelo, i-violino obligato iyingxenye ephoqelekile ye-violin, njll. Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka. amaqembu “abophezelekile”. Izingxenye ze-O. zingahluka encazelweni yazo - kusukela kokubalulekile, kodwa zisafakiwe ekuhambisaneni, futhi kuye yedwa, ukunikeza amakhonsathi kanye nokuyinhloko. ingxenye eyodwa. Nge-18 nasekuqaleni. I-sonatas yekhulu le-19 yensimbi eyedwa ehambisana nepiyano. (i-clavichord, i-harpsichord) yayivame ukuqokwa njenge-sonatas yepiyano. njll. ngokuhambisana nensimbi ka-O. (isibonelo, ivayolini ka-O.). Izingxenye zekhonsathi eyedwa zika-O., ezikhala ku-duet, i-tercet, njll., zivame kakhulu. kusukela engxenyeni eyinhloko eyedwa. Kuma-opera, oratorios, ama-cantatas wekhulu le-17-18. ngokuvamile kukhona ama-arias, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-duets ezwi (amazwi), insimbi yekhonsathi (izinsimbi) O. kanye ne-orchestra. Inqwaba yalezi zingcezu ziqukethwe, ngokwesibonelo, eMiseni lika-Bach ngo-h omncane. Igama elithi "O". ophikisana negama elithi ad libitum; esikhathini esidlule, nokho, bekuvame ukusetshenziswa ngephutha kulo mqondo futhi. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza iminyuziyamu yasendulo. isebenza, kuyadingeka njalo ukunquma ukuthi igama elithi “O” ngamuphi umqondo. isetshenziswa kuzo.

2) Ngokuhambisana negama elithi “ukuphelezela” (“O’s accompaniment”, Italian l’accompagnamento obligato, German Obligates Akkompagnement), ngokungafani nebhesi evamile, ukuphelezela okubhalwe ngokugcwele ku-cl. umculo prod. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ye-clavier ekukhiqizeni. okwensimbi eyedwa noma izwi kanye ne-clavier, kanye nokuphelezela okuyinhloko. imiculo eya kumazwi "ahambisanayo" ku-chamber ne-orc. izindatshana. Ngoyedwa usebenza izintambo. insimbi yekhibhodi noma isitho, ikamelo ne-orc. Emculweni, ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwi abe "okuyinhloko" futhi "okuhambisana" esikalini somkhiqizo wonke, njengomthetho, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka: ngisho noma iculo eliholayo lizibophezela ekuhlukaniseni, lihlala lidlula izwi kuye kwelinye. , ekamelweni kanye ne-orc. umculo - kusuka ensimbi kuya ensimbini; ezigabeni zokuthuthukisa, ingoma ivamise ukusatshalaliswa phakathi kwe-decomp. amazwi noma izinsimbi “ezingxenyeni”. I-accompaniment O. ithuthukiswe emsebenzini wabasunguli be-Viennese classic. izikole ze-WA Mozart kanye no-J. Haydn. Ukuvela kwayo kuhambisana nokukhula kokubaluleka kokuphelezelwa emculweni. prod., ngomculo wayo. kanye ne-polyphonic. ukugcwala, ngokukhula kokuzimela kwezwi lakhe ngalinye, ngokujwayelekile - ngokuzenzela kwakhe. Emkhakheni wengoma, ukuphelezela kwe-O. njengengxenye ebalulekile yayo yonke, ngezinye izikhathi hhayi eliphansi ngenani kune-wok. amaqembu adalwe ngu-F. Schubert, R. Schumann, X. Wolf. Amasiko abekwa yibo kule ndawo agcina ukubaluleka kwawo emculweni wephimbo, nakuba lona kanye igama elithi “okuhambisana no-O.” ayisasebenzi. Emculweni we-athonal, kuhl. i-dodecaphone, ehlinzeka ngokulingana okuphelele kwawo wonke amazwi, wona kanye umqondo "wokuhambisana" ulahlekelwe incazelo yawo yangaphambili.

3) Ku-polyphonic endala. Umculo we-O. (isb., сon-trapunto obligato, canon obligato, njll.) wawusho izigaba lapho umbhali, efeza isibopho sakhe (yingakho incazelo enikeziwe yegama), elandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokudala izincazelo. ifomu le-polyphonic (i-counterpoint, i-canon, njll.).