Paul Kletzki |

Paul Kletzki

Umqhubi ojikelezayo, umhambi waphakade, oselokhu enyakaza esuka kwelinye izwe eya kwelinye, esuka edolobheni eya kwelinye amashumi eminyaka, edonswa kokubili ukuguquguquka kwesiphetho kanye nezindlela zezinkontileka zokuvakasha - uPaul Klecki onjalo. Futhi kwezobuciko bakhe, izici ezitholakala ezikoleni nezitayela ezahlukene zezwe, izici azifunde phakathi neminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi womqhubi wakhe, zahlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kubalaleli ukuhlukanisa umdwebi kunoma yisiphi isikole, isiqondiso kubuciko bokuqhuba. Kodwa lokhu akubavimbeli ekumaziseni njengomculi ojulile futhi omsulwa kakhulu, ogqamile.

U-Kletsky wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eLviv, lapho aqala khona ukufunda umculo. Ekuseni kakhulu, wangena e-Warsaw Conservatory, wafunda ukuqamba nokuqhuba lapho, futhi phakathi kothisha bakhe kwakukhona umqhubi omuhle u-E. Mlynarsky, umculi osemusha owazuza kuye ifa elicwengekile nelilula, inkululeko yokwazi i-orchestra "ngaphandle kwengcindezi", kanye nobubanzi bezithakazelo zokudala. Ngemva kwalokho, uKletski wasebenza njenge-violinist e-Lviv City Orchestra, futhi lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, waya eBerlin ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe. Ngaleyo minyaka, wafunda ngokuzimisela futhi akazange aphumelele ngempumelelo, wazithuthukisa e-Berlin Higher School of Music no-E. Koch. Njengombhidisi, wayecula ikakhulukazi ngokucula izingoma zakhe. Kwelinye lamakhonsathi, wadonsa ukunaka kuka-V. Furtwangler, owaba umeluleki wakhe futhi azinikele kakhulu eselulekweni sakhe ekuqhubeni. “Lonke ulwazi mayelana nokudlalwa komculo enginalo, ngaluthola kuFurtwängler,” kukhumbula lo mculi.

Ngemva kokubusa kukaHitler, umqhubi osemusha kwadingeka ahambe eJalimane. Ubekuphi kusukela lapho? Okokuqala eMilan, lapho amenywa khona njengoprofesa e-conservatory, kwase kuba seVenice; esuka lapho ngo-1936 waya e-Baku, lapho achitha khona isizini ye-symphony yasehlobo; ngemva kwalokho, isikhathi esingangonyaka wayengumqhubi oyinhloko weKharkov Philharmonic, futhi ngo-1938 wathuthela eSwitzerland, ezweni lomkakhe.

Phakathi neminyaka yempi, ububanzi bemisebenzi yomculi, yiqiniso, yayilinganiselwe kuleli zwe elincane. Kodwa kwathi lapho amavoloni ezibhamu efa, waqala ukuhamba futhi. Idumela likaKletska ngaleso sikhathi lase liphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi uyena kuphela umqhubi wangaphandle owamenywa, ngohlelo lukaToscanini, ukubamba uchungechunge lwamakhonsathi ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okukhulu kwenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseLa Scala evuselelwe.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, umsebenzi ka-Kletska wabonakala usuwonke, uhlanganisa amazwe amaningi namazwekazi amasha. Ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene wayehola ama-orchestra eLiverpool, eDallas, eBern, ehambela yonke indawo. U-Kletsky usezakhele njengomculi obanzi, oheha ngokujula nokwethembeka kobuciko bakhe. Ukuhumusha kwakhe imidwebo emikhulu ye-symphonic kaBeethoven, Schubert, Brahms, Tchaikovsky futhi ikakhulukazi uMahler kwaziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, omunye wabadlali abahamba phambili besikhathi samanje nabashicileli benkulumo-ze abashisekayo omculo wakhe osekuyisikhathi eside ewuyena.

Ngo-1966, Kletski futhi, ngemva kwekhefu elide, wavakashela e-USSR, eyenziwa eMoscow. Impumelelo yombhidisi yakhula kusukela ekhonsathini kuya ekhonsathini. Ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa imisebenzi kaMahler, Mussorgsky, Brahms, Debussy, Mozart, Kletski bavele phambi kwethu. "Inhloso ephezulu yokuziphatha yomculo, ingxoxo nabantu mayelana "neqiniso laphakade labahle", elibonwa futhi lizwiwe umculi okholelwa kulo, umculi oqotho kakhulu - lokhu, empeleni, okugcwalisa konke akwenzayo endaweni. isitendi somqhubi, - kubhala u-G. Yudin. - Isimo sezulu esishisayo, sobusha somqhubi sigcina "izinga lokushisa" lokusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Njalo okwesishiyagalombili neshumi nesithupha athandeka kakhulu kuye, ngakho-ke abizwa ngothando nangokucacile. Yonke into inamanzi, inegazi eligcwele, idlala ngemibala kaRubens, kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-frills, ngaphandle kokuphoqa umsindo. Kwesinye isikhathi awuvumelani naye… Kodwa into encane kangakanani uma iqhathaniswa nephimbo elivamile nobuqotho obuhehayo, “ubungane bokusebenza”...

Ngo-1967, u-Ernest Ansermet osekhulile wamemezela ukuthi wayeshiya i-orchestra yase-Romanesque Switzerland, eyasungulwa nguye eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule futhi yakhuliswa. Wanikeza uPaul Klecki ubuchopho bakhe obuthandayo, okwathi ekugcineni waba yinhloko ye-orchestra ehamba phambili eYurophu. Ingabe lokhu kuzoqeda ukuzulazula kwakhe okungenakubalwa? Impendulo izoza eminyakeni ezayo...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969