Francis Poulenc |

Frances Poulenc

Umculo wami uyisithombe sami. F. Poulenc

U-F. Poulenc ungomunye wabaqambi abakhanga kakhulu iFrance yabanikeza umhlaba ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wangena emlandweni womculo njengelungu lenyunyana yokudala ethi "Six". Ku-"Six" - omncane kunabo bonke, engakangeni emngceleni weminyaka engamashumi amabili - ngokushesha wazuza igunya nothando lomhlaba wonke ngethalente lakhe - lokuqala, eliphilayo, elizenzakalelayo, kanye nezimfanelo zomuntu kuphela - amahlaya angapheli, umusa nobuqotho, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ikhono lokunikeza abantu ubungane bakhe obungavamile. “UFrancis Poulenc uwumculo ngokwawo,” kubhala uD. Milhaud ngaye, “angazi noma yimuphi omunye umculo ongadlala ngendlela eqondile, ongavezwa kalula kangaka futhi ongafinyelela umgomo ngokungaphutheki okufanayo.”

Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa emndenini wezimboni ezinkulu. Umama - umculi osezingeni eliphezulu - wayenguthisha wokuqala kaFrancis, wadlulisela endodaneni yakhe uthando lwakhe lomculo olungenamkhawulo, ukuhlonishwa kuka-WA ​​Mozart, R. Schumann, F. Schubert, F. Chopin. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-15, imfundo yakhe yomculo yaqhubeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa komdlali wopiyano u-R. Vignes nomqambi u-C. Kequelin, owethula umculi osemusha kwezobuciko besimanje, emsebenzini ka-C. Debussy, M. Ravel, kanye no izithixo ezintsha zentsha - I. Stravinsky no-E. Sati. Intsha kaPoulenc yaqondana neminyaka yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Wabuthelwa ebuthweni, okwamvimbela ukuba angene endaweni yokugcinwa kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, uPoulenc ubonakale kusenesikhathi endaweni yomculo eParis. Ngo-1917, umqambi oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala wenza i-debut yakhe kwelinye lamakhonsathi omculo omusha "Negro Rhapsody" ye-baritone ne-instrumental ensemble. Lo msebenzi waba yimpumelelo ebabazekayo kangangokuthi uPoulenc waba ngusaziwayo ngokushesha. Bakhuluma ngaye.

Ephefumulelwe impumelelo, u-Poulenc, elandela "i-Negro Rhapsody", udala imijikelezo yezwi "Bestiary" (ku-st. G. Apollinaire), "Cockades" (ku-st. J. Cocteau); izingcezu zepiyano "Perpetual Motions", "Walks"; Ikhonsathi ye-choreographic yepiyano ne-orchestra "Morning Serenade"; i-ballet ngokucula i-Lani, eyadlalwa ngo-1924 ebhizinisini lika-S. Diaghilev. UMilhaud uphendule lo mkhiqizo ngesihloko esinomdlandla esithi: “Umculo kaLaney uyilokho kanye obungakulindela kumbhali wawo… Le ballet ibhalwe ngendlela yokudansa… ngokunotha kwama-shades, anobuhle obunjalo, ububele, ukukhanga. , esiyikho kuphela imisebenzi ka-Poulenc enikeza ngokukhululekile ... Inani lalo mculo lihlala njalo, isikhathi ngeke liwuthinte, futhi uzogcina unomphela ubusha kanye nemvelaphi yawo.

Emisebenzini yokuqala kaPoulenc, izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuntu bakhe, ukunambitheka, isitayela sokudala, umbala okhethekile waseParis womculo wakhe, ukuxhumana okungenakuqhathaniswa nengoma yaseParis, sekuvele kuvele. B. Asafiev, echaza le misebenzi, yaphawula “ukucaca ... kanye nokucabanga okuphilayo, isigqi esishisayo, ukuqaphela okunembile, ukuhlanzeka komdwebo, ukufinyela - kanye nokubambeka kwesethulo.”

Ngama-30s, ithalente lomqambi wezingoma lachuma. Usebenza ngentshiseko ezinhlotsheni zomculo wezwi: ubhala izingoma, ama-cantatas, imijikelezo yamakwaya. Kumuntu kaPierre Bernac, umqambi wathola umhumushi onethalente wezingoma zakhe. Ekanye naye njengomdlali wopiyano, wavakashela izindawo eziningi futhi ngempumelelo kuwo wonke amadolobha aseYurophu naseMelika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwezobuciko izingoma zamakwaya zikaPoulenc ezisekelweni ezingokomoya: IMisa, “Litanies to the black Rocamadour Mother of God”, Amaculo amane esikhathi sokuphenduka. Kamuva, ngeminyaka yawo-50s, i-Stabat mater, u-Gloria, ama-motets amane kaKhisimusi nawo adalwa. Zonke izingoma zihluke kakhulu ngesitayela, zibonisa amasiko omculo wamakhwaya wesiFulentshi wezinkathi ezihlukahlukene - kusukela ku-Guillaume de Machaux kuya ku-G. Berlioz.

U-Poulenc uchitha iminyaka yeMpi Yezwe II e-Paris evinjezelwe kanye nesithabathaba sezwe lakubo eNoise, ehlanganyela nabantu bakubo bonke ubunzima bempilo yezempi, ehlupheka ngokujulile ngesiphetho sezwe lakubo, abantu bakubo, izihlobo nabangane. Imicabango nemizwa edabukisayo yangaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi inkolelo yokunqoba, enkululekweni, yabonakala ku-cantata ethi “The Face of Man” yekwaya ephindwe kabili i-cappella eya emavesini kaP. Eluard. Imbongi yeFrench Resistance, u-Eluard, yabhala izinkondlo zayo ekujuleni komhlaba, lapho yazishushumbisela khona ngasese ngaphansi kwegama okwakucatshangwa ukuthi liya kuPoulenc. Umqambi uphinde wayigcina iyimfihlo umsebenzi we-cantata nokushicilelwa kwayo. Phakathi nempi, lesi kwakuyisenzo sesibindi esikhulu. Akumane nje kwaqondana ukuthi ngosuku lwenkululeko yeParis kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwayo, uPoulenc wabonisa ngokuziqhenya amaphuzu e-The Human Face efasiteleni lendlu yakhe eduze kwefulegi lezwe. Umqambi ochungechungeni lwe-opera wazibonakalisa eyingcweti yomdlali wedrama. I-opera yokuqala, ethi, The Breasts of Theresa (1944, kuya embhalweni we-farce ka-G. Apollinaire) - i-opera emnandi, elula nengenangqondo - ibonise ukuthanda kukaPoulenc amahlaya, amahlaya, nokukhuluma ngendlela engaqondakali. 2 ama-opera alandelayo asohlotsheni oluhlukile. Lawa amadrama anentuthuko ejulile yengqondo.

I-“Dialogues of the Carmelites” ( mahhala. J. Bernanos, 1953) yembula indaba edabukisayo yokufa kwezakhamuzi zesigodlo saseKarmeli ngesikhathi seNguquko Enkulu YamaFulentshi, ukufa kwabo kobuqhawe komhlatshelo egameni lokholo. "Izwi Lomuntu" (okusekelwe emdlalweni ka-J. Cocteau, 1958) iyidrama yezwi lapho kuzwakala khona izwi lomuntu eliphilayo nelivevezelayo - izwi lokulangazelela nesizungu, izwi lowesifazane olahliwe. Kuyo yonke imisebenzi kaPoulenc, le opera yamlethela ukuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Yabonisa izinhlangothi ezigqamile zekhono lomqambi. Lokhu ukuqanjwa okugqugquzelwe okugcwele ubuntu obujulile, amazwi acashile. Wonke ama-opera angu-3 adalwe ngokusekelwe ethalenteni elimangalisayo lomculi waseFrance nomlingisi u-D. Duval, owaba ngumdlali wokuqala kulawa ma-opera.

U-Poulenc uqedela umsebenzi wakhe nge-sonatas engu-2 - i-Sonata ye-oboe nepiyano enikezelwe ku-S. Prokofiev, kanye ne-Sonata ye-clarinet nepiyano enikezelwe ku-A. Honegger. Ukufa kungazelelwe kwafinyeza ukuphila komqambi phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okukhulu kokudala, phakathi nohambo lwamakhonsathi.

Ifa lomqambi liqukethe cishe imisebenzi eyi-150. Umculo wakhe wephimbo unenani elikhulu kakhulu lobuciko - ama-opera, ama-cantata, imijikelezo yamakwaya, izingoma, okuhle kakhulu okulotshwe amavesi ka-P. Eluard. Kwakukulezi zinhlobo lapho isipho somusa sikaPoulenc njengomculi wezingoma sembulwa ngempela. Izingoma zakhe, njengezingoma zikaMozart, Schubert, Chopin, ezihlanganisa ukukhulula izikhali kalula, ubuqili nokujula kwengqondo, zisebenza njengokubonakaliswa komphefumulo womuntu. Kwakuyintelezi yomculo eyaqinisekisa impumelelo ehlala njalo nehlala njalo yomculo kaPoulenc eFrance nangale kwayo.

L. Kokoreva

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