Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

USergei Prokofiev

Inzuzo eyinhloko (noma, uma uthanda, ukungasebenzi) kwempilo yami bekulokhu kuwusesho loqobo, ulimi lwami lomculo. Ngiyakuzonda ukulingisa, ngiyakuzonda ama-cliches...

Ungaba isikhathi eside njengoba uthanda phesheya, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kufanele ubuyele ezweni lakini ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole umoya wangempela waseRussia. S. Prokofiev

Iminyaka yobuntwana yomqambi wesikhathi esizayo yadlula emndenini womculo. Unina wayengumdlali wopiyano onekhono, futhi umfana, ezumeka, wayevame ukuzwa imisindo ye-sonatas ka-L. Beethoven ivela kude, amakamelo amaningana kude. Lapho uSeryozha eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, waqamba ucezu lwakhe lokuqala lwepiyano. Ngo-1902, uS. Taneyev wajwayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuqamba kwezingane zakhe, futhi ngokweseluleko sakhe, izifundo zokuqamba zaqala ngoR. Gliere. Ngo-1904-14 uProkofiev wafunda eSt. Petersburg Conservatory noN. Rimsky-Korsakov (izinsimbi), J. Vitols (ifomu lomculo), A. Lyadov (ukuqamba), A. Esipova (upiyano).

Esivivinyweni sokugcina, u-Prokofiev wenza ngokugqamile Ikhonsathi yakhe Yokuqala, lapho aklonyeliswa khona umklomelo. A. Rubinstein. Umqambi osemusha uthatha ngokulangazela izitayela ezintsha zomculo futhi ngokushesha uthola indlela yakhe njengomculi osanda kuhlanganyela. Ekhuluma njengomdlali wopiyano, u-Prokofiev wayevame ukufaka imisebenzi yakhe ezinhlelweni zakhe, okwabangela ukusabela okuqinile kwezilaleli.

Ngo-1918, u-Prokofiev wahamba waya e-USA, waqala uchungechunge lohambo oluya emazweni angaphandle - eFrance, eJalimane, eNgilandi, e-Italy, eSpain. Emzamweni wokuzuza izethameli zomhlaba wonke, unikeza amakhonsathi kakhulu, ubhala imisebenzi emikhulu - i-opera ethi The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); the ballets Steel Leap (1925, liphefumulelwe izenzakalo izinguquko eRussia), Indodana Yolahleko (1928), On the Dnieper (1930); umculo wezinsimbi.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1927 futhi ekupheleni kuka-1929, Prokofiev wenza ngempumelelo enkulu eSoviet Union. Ngo-1927, amakhonsathi akhe aqhutshwa eMoscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv nase-Odessa. “Indlela uMoscow engamukela ngayo yayingavamile. ... Ukwamukela eLeningrad kwashisa nakakhulu kunaseMoscow, "umbhali wabhala encwadini yakhe ethi Autobiography. Ekupheleni kuka-1932, Prokofiev unquma ukubuyela ezweni lakubo.

Kusukela phakathi nawo-30s. ubuciko Prokofiev ifinyelela eziphakeme. Udala omunye wemisebenzi yakhe yobuciko - i-ballet "Romeo and Juliet" ngemva kukaW. Shakespeare (1936); i-lyric-comic opera ethi Betrothal in a Monastery (The Duenna, after R. Sheridan – 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) futhi "Toast" (1939); inganekwane ye-symphonic embhalweni wakhe othi "Peter and the Wolf" enezinhlamvu zomculo (1936); Ipiyano Yesithupha Sonata (1940); umjikelezo wezingcezu zepiyano "Umculo Wezingane" (1935).

Ngama-30-40s. Umculo kaProkofiev wenziwa abaculi abahamba phambili baseSoviet: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu ye-choreography yaseSoviet yayiyisithombe sikaJuliet, esakhiwe nguG. Ulanova. Ehlobo lika-1941, endaweni yokudlela eduze kwaseMoscow, i-Prokofiev yapenda i-Leningrad Opera ne-Ballet Theatre. I-SM Kirov ballet-tale "Cinderella". Izindaba zokuqubuka kwempi neJalimane yobu-fascist kanye nezehlakalo ezibuhlungu ezalandela zabangela ukukhuphuka kokudala okusha kumqambi. Udala i-opera enkulukazi yamaqhawe-intando yeningi ethi "Impi Nokuthula" esekelwe inoveli ka-L. Tolstoy (1943), futhi usebenza nomqondisi uS. Eisenstein kwifilimu yomlando ethi "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Izithombe eziphazamisayo, ukubonakaliswa kwemicimbi yezempi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, intando engenakunqotshwa namandla kuyisici somculo we-Seventh Piano Sonata (1942). Ukuzethemba okukhulu kutholakala kuyi-Fifth Symphony (1944), lapho umqambi, ngamazwi akhe, ayefuna “ukucula ngendoda ekhululekile nejabulayo, amandla ayo amakhulu, izikhulu zayo, ubumsulwa bayo obungokomoya.”

Ngemva kwempi, naphezu kokugula okungathi sína, uProkofiev wadala imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile: i-symphonies yesithupha (1947) neyesikhombisa (1952), i-Ninth Piano Sonata (1947), uhlelo olusha lwe-opera War and Peace (1952) , i-Cello Sonata (1949) kanye ne-Symphony Concerto ye-cello ne-orchestra (1952). Ekupheleni kwe-40s-ekuqaleni kwama-50s. zagubuzelwa imikhankaso enomsindo emelene nesiqondiso “sokuvukela izwe” kwezobuciko baseSoviet, ukushushiswa kwabameleli bayo abaningi abangcono kakhulu. U-Prokofiev waba omunye wababhali abaphambili emculweni. Ukwehliswa isithunzi komphakathi komculo wakhe ngo-1948 kwaqhubeka kwandisa impilo yomqambi.

U-Prokofiev wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe e-dacha edolobhaneni laseNikolina Gora phakathi kwemvelo yaseRussia ayeyithanda, waqhubeka ebhala ngokuqhubekayo, ephula imithetho evimbela odokotela. Izimo ezinzima zempilo nazo zathinta ikhono lokusungula. Kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko yangempela, phakathi kwemisebenzi yeminyaka yamuva kunemisebenzi "yombono olula" - ingqungquthela ethi "Umhlangano weVolga noDon" (1951), i-oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950), suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), amanye amakhasi e-ballet "Tale about a stone flower" (1950), Seventh Symphony. U-Prokofiev wafa ngosuku olufanayo no-Stalin, futhi ukuvalelisa kumqambi omkhulu waseRussia ohambweni lwakhe lokugcina kwafihlwa yinjabulo ethandwayo mayelana nomngcwabo womholi omkhulu wezizwe.

Isitayela sikaProkofiev, umsebenzi wakhe ohlanganisa amashumi eminyaka ama-4 nengxenye yekhulu le-XNUMX elinesiyaluyalu, senziwe inguquko enkulu kakhulu. I-Prokofiev yavula indlela yomculo omusha wekhulu lethu leminyaka, kanye nabanye abasunguli basekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, abaqambi besikole saseNovovensk. Ungene kwezobuciko njengomgudli onesibindi wezincwadi ezigugile zobuciko be-Romantic obusezingeni eliphezulu nobunkimbinkimbi bazo. Ngendlela engavamile ukuthuthukisa amasiko ka-M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, u-Prokofiev waletha emculweni amandla angalawuleki, ukuhlasela, amandla, ukusha kwamandla okuqala, okubhekwa ngokuthi "i-barbarism" ("Obsession" kanye ne-Toccata yepiyano, "i-Sarcasms"; i-symphonic “Scythian Suite” ngokwe-ballet “Ala and Lolly”; Ikhonsathi Yopiyano Yokuqala neyesibili). Umculo kaProkofiev uhambisana nezinqubo ezintsha zabanye abaculi baseRussia, izimbongi, abadwebi, abasebenzi baseshashalazini. "U-Sergey Sergeevich udlala ngezinzwa ezithambile kakhulu zikaVladimir Vladimirovich," kusho u-V. Mayakovsky ngomunye wemidlalo kaProkofiev. Umfanekiso ongokomfanekiso wase-Russian olumayo futhi onamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-prism yobuhle obuhle kuyisici se-ballet ethi "The Tale of the Jester Who Cheated on Jesters Seven" (ngokusekelwe ezinganekwaneni ezivela eqoqweni lika-A. Afanasyev). Ngokuqhathaniswa okungavamile ngaleso sikhathi i-lyricism; e-Prokofiev, akanalo inkanuko nokuzwela - unamahloni, umnene, uthambile ("Fleeting", "Tales of an Old Grandmother" for upiyano).

Ukukhanya, i-variegation, ukwanda kwenkulumo kufana nesitayela seminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu yangaphandle. Lena i-opera ethi “Love for Three Oranges”, eshaya ngenjabulo, ngomdlandla, esekelwe enganekwaneni ka-K. Gozzi (“ingilazi ye-champagne”, ngokusho kuka-A. Lunacharsky); i-Third Concerto ewubukhazikhazi nomfutho wayo onamandla wemoto, eculwa iculo elimnandi lepayipi lasekuqaleni kwengxenye yokuqala, ingoma ehlabayo yezinye zezinhlobonhlobo zengxenye yesibili (1-2); ukungezwani kwemizwelo eqinile ethi "Ingelosi Evuthayo" (esekelwe encwadini ka-V. Bryusov); amandla obuqhawe kanye nobubanzi be-Second Symphony (1917); "Cubist" urbanism of "Steel Lope"; I-lyrical introspection ye-"Thoughts" (21) kanye "Izinto ezikuzo" (1924) zepiyano. Isikhathi sesitayela 1934-1928s. okuphawulwa ukuzithiba okuhlakaniphile okutholakala ekuvuthweni, okuhlanganiswe nokujula nenhlabathi yezwe yemiqondo yobuciko. Umqambi ulwela imibono nezindikimba zabantu emhlabeni wonke, ukwenza izithombe zomlando zifane, izinhlamvu zomculo ezigqamile, ezingokoqobo-ukhonkolo. Lo mugqa wobuciko wajula ikakhulukazi kuma-30s. mayelana nezinhlupheko ezehlela abantu baseSoviet phakathi neminyaka yempi. Ukudalulwa kwamagugu omoya womuntu, ukujula kobuciko obujulile kube isifiso esiyinhloko sikaProkofiev: "Ngikholelwa ukuthi umqambi, njengembongi, umqophi, umdwebi, ubizelwe ukukhonza umuntu kanye nabantu. Kufanele icule ngempilo yomuntu futhi iholele umuntu ekusaseni eliqhakazile. Okunjalo, ngokombono wami, ikhodi yobuciko engenakunyakaziswa.

U-Prokofiev ushiye ifa elikhulu lokudala - ama-opera angu-8; 7 amabhola; 7 ama-symphonies; 9 upiyano sonata; 5 amakhonsathi epiyano (okwesine kwawo kungokwesandla esisodwa sobunxele); 2 i-violin, 2 amakhonsathi e-cello (Okwesibili - ikhonsathi ye-Symphony); 6 ama-cantatas; i-oratorio; 2 amasudi ezwi ne-symphonic; izingcezu zepiyano eziningi; izingcezu ze-orchestra (okuhlanganisa i-Russian Overture, i-Symphonic Song, i-Ode kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi, ama-Pushkin Waltze angu-2); imisebenzi yasekamelweni (Overture on Jewish themes for clarinet, upiyano kanye ne-string quartet; Quintet for oboe, clarinet, violin, viola ne-double bass; 2 quartet string; 2 sonatas for violin nopiyano; I-Sonata ye-cello nepiyano; inani lezingoma zezwi ngamazwi A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev nabanye).

I-Creativity Prokofiev ithole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Inani elihlala njalo lomculo wakhe lilele ekuphaneni kwakhe nomusa, ekuzibophezeleni kwakhe emibonweni ephakeme yesintu, ekucebeni kokuvezwa kobuciko kwemisebenzi yakhe.

Y. Kholopov

• I-Opera isebenza nguProkofiev →
• Ipiyano isebenza nguProkofiev →
• Piano Sonatas kaProkofiev →
• U-Prokofiev ongumdlali wopiyano →