UVladimir Aleksandrovich Dranishnikov |

UVladimir Dranishnikov

Iciko Elihlonishwayo le-RSFSR (1933). Ngo-1909 waphothula amakilasi e-Regency of Court Singing Chapel enesihloko esithi regent, ngo-1916 iSt. Petersburg Conservatory, lapho afunda khona no-AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (oqhuba ). Ngo-1914 waqala ukusebenza njengomdlali wopiyano e-Mariinsky Theatre. Kusukela ngo-1918 umqhubi, kusukela ngo-1925 umqhubi oyinhloko kanye nenhloko yengxenye yomculo yale midlalo yaseshashalazini.

UDranishnikov wayengumqhubi we-opera ovelele. Isambulo esijulile somdlalo weshashalazi womculo we-opera, umuzwa ocashile wesiteji, ubuhlakani obusha kanye nokusha kokuhumusha kwahlanganiswa kuye nomuzwa ofanele wokulinganisela phakathi kwezimiso zezwi nezinsimbi, amandla omculo wamakhwaya - ngokunotha okukhulu kwe-cantilena. yomsindo we-orchestra.

Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaDranishnikov, ama-opera asendulo adlalwa eMariinsky Theatre (kuhlanganise no-Boris Godunov, enguqulweni yombhali kaMP Mussorgsky, 1928; The Queen of Spades, 1935, kanye namanye ama-opera ka-PI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), imisebenzi yeSoviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Uthando lwamawolintshi amathathu" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) kanye nabaqambi besimanje baseNtshonalanga Yurophu ("Ukukhala Okukude" nguSchreker , 1925; “Wozzeck” kaBerg, 1927).

Kusukela ngo-1936, u-Dranishnikov ube ngumqondisi wezobuciko kanye nomqhubi omkhulu we-Kyiv Opera Theatre; ukukhiqizwa okuqondisiwe kwe-Tapac Bulba kaLysenko (uhlelo olusha luka-BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Shchorc kaLyatoshinsky (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Wabuye wenza njengomqhubi we-symphony kanye nomdlali wopiyano (e-USSR nakwamanye amazwe).

Umbhali wama-athikili, imisebenzi yomculo (“i-Symphonic etude” yepiyano ene-orc., amazwi, njll.) nokulotshiwe. UMF Rylsky wanikezela i-sonnet ethi "Ukufa Kweqhawe" esikhumbuzweni sikaDranishnikov.

Ukwakhiwa: I-Opera "Uthando lwamawolintshi amathathu". Ngokukhiqizwa kwe-opera ka-S. Prokofiev, ku: Uthando lwamawolintshi amathathu, L., 1926; I-Modern Symphony Orchestra, ku: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Iciko Elihlonishiwe u-EB Wolf-Israel. Kuze kube unyaka wama-40 womsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, uL., 1934; Idrama yomculo ye-Queen of Spades, eqoqweni: The Queen of Spades. I-opera ka-PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Ingcweti enamandla kanye nomoya oshisayo, umsunguli onesibindi, othola ama-horizons amasha etiyetha yomculo - yile ndlela uDranishnikov angena ngayo kwezobuciko bethu. Wayengomunye wabadali bokuqala beSoviet opera yaseshashalazini, omunye wabaqhubi bokuqala omsebenzi wabo wawungowesikhathi sethu.

U-Dranishnikov wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji ngesikhathi esengumfundi ngesikhathi samakhonsathi ehlobo ePavlovsk. Ngo-1918, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu ePetrograd Conservatory njengomqhubi (noN. Cherepnin), umdlali wopiyano nomqambi, waqala ukucula eMariinsky Theatre, lapho ayekade esebenza khona njengomphelezeli. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amakhasi amaningi aqhakazile emlandweni waleli qembu ahlotshaniswa negama likaDranishnikov, okwathi ngo-1925 waba umqhubi walo oyinhloko. Uheha abaqondisi abangcono kakhulu ukuthi basebenze, ubuyekeze ingoma. Yonke imikhakha yeshashalazi yomculo yayingaphansi kwethalente lakhe. Imisebenzi kaDranishnikov ayintandokazi ihlanganisa ama-opera kaGlinka, uBorodin, Mussorgsky, ikakhulukazi uTchaikovsky (wadlala i-Queen of Spades, i-Iolanta, ne-Mazeppa, i-opera, ngamazwi ka-Asafiev, "aphinde wathola, eveza umphefumulo othukuthele, onomdlandla walokhu kukhanya, umculo omnandi, izindlela zawo ezibonisa isibindi, amazwi awo athambile, angabantu besifazane”). UDranishnikov uphinde waphendukela emculweni omdala (“Isithwali Samanzi” kaCherubini, “Wilhelm Tell” kaRossini), waphefumulela uWagner (“Gold of the Rhine”, “Death of the Gods”, “Tannhäuser”, “Meistersingers”), Verdi (“Il trovatore”, “La Traviata”, “Othello”), Wiese (“Carmen”). Kodwa usebenze ngokuzimisela okukhulu emisebenzini yangaleso sikhathi, okokuqala ekhombisa ekaLeningrad Strauss ethi The Rosenkavalier, Love for Three Oranges, Schreker’s The Ditant Ringing, Pashchenko’s Revolt’s, kanye nekaDeshevov ethi Ice and Steel. Ekugcineni, wathatha ingoma ye-ballet ezandleni zika-Drigo osekhulile, ebuyekeza i-Egypt Nights, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, edlala i-Flames of Paris. Lalinjalo uhla lomsebenzi walo mculi.

Ake sengeze ukuthi uDranishnikov wayevame ukwenza amakhonsathi, lapho aphumelela khona ngokukhethekile ku-Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, i-First Symphony kaTchaikovsky, i-Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, futhi isebenza yi-French Impressionists. Futhi yonke imisebenzi, yonke ikhonsathi eqhutshwa nguDranishnikov yenzeka endaweni yobumnandi bemikhosi, ehambisana nemicimbi yokubaluleka okukhulu kwezobuciko. Abagxeki ngezinye izikhathi bakwazi "ukumbamba" ngamaphutha amancane, kwakukhona kusihlwa lapho umculi ezizwa engekho esimweni, kodwa akekho owayengaphika ithalenta lakhe emandleni ahehayo.

U-Academician B. Asafiev, owazisa kakhulu ubuciko buka-Dranishnikov, wabhala: "Konke akwenzayo kwakuphambene nokwamanje", ngokumelene nabahamba ngezinyawo abaqeqeshiwe. Ukuba, okokuqala, umculi ozwelayo, onesiphiwo esivumelanayo, owayenendlebe ecebile yangaphakathi, okwamvumela ukuba ezwe amaphuzu ngaphambi kokuba azwakale ku-orchestra, uDranishnikov ekusebenzeni kwakhe kwasuka emculweni kuya ekuqhubeni, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho. Wakha indlela eguquguqukayo, yasekuqaleni, engaphansi kwezinhlelo, imibono nemizwelo, hhayi nje indlela yokuthinta kwepulasitiki, iningi lazo elihloselwe ukutuswa umphakathi.

U-Dranishnikov, owayehlale ekhathazeke kakhulu ngezinkinga zomculo njengenkulumo ephilayo, okungukuthi, okokuqala, ubuciko bephimbo, lapho amandla okuphimisela, ukuphimisela, ephethe ingqikithi yalo mculo futhi aguqule umsindo womzimba ube yizwi. ophethe umbono - u-Dranishnikov wayefuna ukwenza isandla somqhubi - indlela yomqhubi - ukwenza i-condeable futhi izwele, njengezitho zenkulumo yomuntu, ukuze umculo uzwakale ekusebenzeni ngokuyinhloko njengephimbo eliphilayo, eliqhutshwa ngokushisa imizwa, iphimbo. okudlulisela incazelo ngokweqiniso. Lezi zifiso zakhe zazisendizeni eyodwa nemibono yabadali abakhulu bobuciko bangempela...

… Ukuguquguquka 'kwesandla sakhe esikhulumayo' kwakungavamile, ulimi lomculo, ingqikithi yawo ye-semantic yayitholakala kuye ngawo wonke amagobolondo ezobuchwepheshe kanye nesitayela. Akukho nowodwa umsindo ongathinteki nencazelo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi futhi akukho msindo owodwa ophuma esithombeni, ovela ekubonakalisweni kobuciko obuphathekayo bemibono nokuphuma kwephimbo eliphilayo - yile ndlela umuntu angakwazi ngayo ukwakha i-credo ka-Dranishnikov umhumushi. .

Njengomuntu onethemba ngokwemvelo, wayefuna emculweni, okokuqala, ukuqinisekiswa kwempilo - ngakho-ke ngisho nemisebenzi edabukisayo, ngisho nemisebenzi enobuthi bokungabaza, yaqala ukuzwakala sengathi ithunzi lokuphelelwa ithemba lalisanda kubathinta, "kodwa umnyombo wothando lwaphakade lokuphila luhlale lucula ngalutho ” … U-Dranishnikov wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina e-Kyiv, lapho kusukela ngo-1936 ahola i-Opera ne-Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe eyenziwa lapha kukhona ukukhiqizwa kwe-"Taras Bulba" kaLysenko, "Shchors" kaLyatoshinsky, "Perekop" nguMeitus, uRybalchenko noTitsa. Ukufa okungazelelwe kwamfica uDranishnikov emsebenzini - ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kwe-opera yokugcina.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969.