UVladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky |

UVladimir Sofronitsky

UVladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky - isibalo esiyingqayizivele ngendlela yakhe. Uma, uthi, umculi "X" kulula ukuqhathanisa nomculi "Y", ukuthola okuthile okuseduze, okuhlobene, okuletha ku-denominator evamile, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa i-Sofronitsky nanoma yimuphi ozakwabo. Njengengcweti, ungowohlobo oluthile futhi akanakuqhathaniswa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifaniso zitholakala kalula ezixhumanisa ubuciko bakhe nomhlaba wezinkondlo, izincwadi, nemidwebo. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila komdlali wepiyano, indalo yakhe yokuhumusha yayihlotshaniswa nezinkondlo zikaBlok, amaseyili kaVrubel, izincwadi zikaDostoevsky kanye neGreen. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwenzeka into efanayo ngesinye isikhathi emculweni kaDebussy. Futhi akakwazanga ukuthola ama-analogue anelisayo emibuthanweni yabanye abaqambi bakhe; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugxekwa komculi wesimanje kwatholakala kalula lezi zifaniso phakathi kwezimbongi (Baudelaire, Verlaine, Mallarmé), ababhali bemidlalo (Maeterlinck), abadwebi (iMonet, uDenis, uSisley nabanye).

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

Ukuhluka kwezobuciko kubafowabo endaweni yokusebenzela yokudala, kude nalabo abafana nobuso, kuyilungelo labaculi abavelele ngempela. Ngokungangabazeki uSofronitsky wayengowabaculi abanjalo.

I-biography yakhe yayingacebile ezenzakalweni eziphawulekayo zangaphandle; kwakungekho simangaliso esikhethekile kuyo, azikho izingozi ezishintsha ngokuzumayo futhi kungazelelwe. Uma ubheka i-chronograph yokuphila kwakhe, into eyodwa edonsa amehlo akho: amakhonsathi, amakhonsathi, amakhonsathi ... Wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg, emndenini ohlakaniphile. Uyise wayeyisazi sesayensi yemvelo; ohlwini lozalo ungathola amagama ososayensi, izimbongi, abaculi, abaculi. Cishe yonke imibhalo yempilo kaSofronitsky ithi ukhokho kakhokho wakhe ozala umama wayengumdwebi wezithombe ovelele wasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX uVladimir Lukich Borovikovsky.

Kusukela eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, umfana wakhangwa emhlabeni imisindo, upiyano. Njengazo zonke izingane ezinesiphiwo sangempela, wayethanda ukuphupha edlala ikhibhodi, adlale okuthile okungokwakhe, athathe imiculo ezwakala ngokungahleliwe. Ekuqaleni wabonisa indlebe ebukhali, inkumbulo yomculo eqinile. Izihlobo zazingangabazi ukuthi kufanele zifundiswe ngokungathí sina futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kusukela eneminyaka eyisithupha, uVova Sofronitsky (umndeni wakhe uhlala eWarsaw ngaleso sikhathi) uqala ukufunda upiyano ku-Anna Vasilievna Lebedeva-Getsevich. Umfundi ka-NG Rubinshtein, uLebedeva-Getsevich, njengoba besho, wayengumculi ozimisele futhi onolwazi. Ezifundweni zakhe, ukulinganisa nokuhleleka kwensimbi kwabusa; yonke into yayihambisana nezincomo zakamuva zemethodical; izabelo nemiyalo yabhalwa ngokucophelela kumadayari abafundi, ukuqaliswa kwabo kwakulawulwa ngokuqinile. “Umsebenzi wayo yonke iminwe, zonke izicubu azizange zimbaleke, futhi waqhubeka efuna ukuqeda noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okuyingozi” (I-Sofronitsky VN Kusukela kuma-memoirs // Izinkumbulo ze-Sofronitsky. - M., 1970. P. 217)- ubhala encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo uVladimir Nikolayevich Sofronitsky, uyise womdlali wopiyano. Ngokusobala, izifundo Lebedeva-Getsevich wakhonza indodana yakhe esikhundleni esihle. Umfana wahamba ngokushesha ezifundweni zakhe, wanamathela kuthisha wakhe, futhi kamuva wamkhumbula izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngezwi lokubonga.

… Kwadlula isikhathi. Ngokweseluleko sikaGlazunov, ekwindla ka-1910, uSofronitsky wangena ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukachwepheshe ovelele waseWarsaw, uprofesa e-Conservatory Alexander Konstantinovich Mikhalovsky. Ngalesi sikhathi, waba nesithakazelo nakakhulu empilweni yomculo ezungezile. Uba khona ngezikhathi zepiyano kusihlwa, uzwa u-Rachmaninov, u-Igumnov osemusha, kanye nomshayi wepiyano odumile uVsevolod Buyukli, ababevakasha edolobheni. Umculi omuhle kakhulu wemisebenzi kaScriabin, uBuyukli waba nethonya elinamandla kuSofronitsky osemusha - lapho esendlini yabazali bakhe, wayevame ukuhlala phansi epiyano, ngokuzithandela futhi edlala kakhulu.

Iminyaka eminingana echithwe noMikhalovsky yaba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweSafronitsky njengomculi. UMichalovsky ngokwakhe wayengumdlali wopiyano ovelele; umthandi oshisekayo weChopin, wayevame ukubonakala esiteji saseWarsaw ngemidlalo yakhe. USofronitsky akazange nje afunde nomculi onolwazi, uthisha ophumelelayo, wafundiswa umculi wekhonsathi, indoda eyayisazi kahle isimo nemithetho yaso. Yilokho okwakubalulekile futhi okwakubalulekile. U-Lebedeva-Getsevich wamlethela izinzuzo ezingabazeki ngesikhathi sakhe: njengoba bethi, "wafaka isandla sakhe", wabeka izisekelo zokuvelela kochwepheshe. Eduze kukaMikhalovsky, uSofronitsky waqala ukuzwa iphunga elijabulisayo lesiteji sekhonsathi, wabamba ubuhle bayo obuyingqayizivele, obuthanda kuze kube phakade.

Ngo-1914, umndeni wakwaSofronitsky wabuyela eSt. Umdlali wepiyano oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala ungena endaweni yokugcina izinto ku-master odumile we-piano pedagogy uLeonid Vladimirovich Nikolaev. (Ngaphandle kukaSofronitsky, abafundi bakhe ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene babehlanganisa uM. Yudina, D. Shostakovich, P. Serebryakov, N. Perelman, V. Razumovskaya, S. Savshinsky nabanye abaculi abaziwayo.) USofronitsky wayesenenhlanhla yokuba nothisha. Ngawo wonke umehluko wabalingiswa kanye nesimo sengqondo (u-Nikolaev wayevinjelwe, elinganisela, enengqondo ngokungaguquki, futhi uVova wayenentshiseko futhi eyimilutha), oxhumana nabo bokudala noprofesa bacebisa umfundi wakhe ngezindlela eziningi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi u-Nikolaev, hhayi ngokweqile kakhulu ekuthandweni kwakhe, washeshe wathanda uSofronitsky osemusha. Kuthiwa wayevame ukuphendukela kubangani nakubajwayele: “Woza ulalele umfana omuhle kakhulu ... Kimina kubonakala sengathi leli ithalente elivelele, futhi kakade usedlala kahle.” (I-Leningrad Conservatory in Memoirs. - L., 1962. S. 273.).

Ngezikhathi ezithile uSofronitsky ubamba iqhaza emakhonsathini abafundi kanye nemicimbi yokupha. Bayamqaphela, bakhulume ngokuphikelela nangokuzwakalayo ngethalente lakhe elikhulu nelithandekayo. Kakade hhayi uNikolaev kuphela, kodwa futhi obona kude kakhulu abaculi basePetrograd - futhi ngemuva kwabo abanye bababuyekezi - babikezela ikusasa elikhazimulayo lobuciko kuye.

… I-conservatory isiphelile (1921), impilo yomdlali wekhonsathi okhokhelwayo iyaqala. Igama likaSofronitsky lingatholakala kaningi kumaphosta wedolobha lakubo; umphakathi waseMoscow ngokwesiko oqinile nofuna ngenkani uyamazi futhi umamukele ngemfudumalo; kuzwakala e-Odessa, Saratov, Tiflis, Baku, Tashkent. Kancane kancane, bafunda ngakho cishe yonke indawo e-USSR, lapho umculo onzima uhlonishwa khona; ubekwa ezingeni elilinganayo nabadlali abadumile bangaleso sikhathi.

(Ukuthinta okuthakazelisayo: USofronitsky akakaze ahlanganyele emiqhudelwaneni yomculo futhi, ngokuvuma kwakhe, akazange awathande. Inkazimulo yazuzwa nguye hhayi emiqhudelwaneni, hhayi empini eyodwa endaweni ethile kanye nomuntu; okungenani ngaphezu kwakho konke ukukweleta ku-capricious. umdlalo wenhlanhla, okwenzekayo ukuthi omunye uzophakanyiswa izinyathelo ezimbalwa, omunye ahlehliselwe emthunzini ngokungafanele. Weza esiteji ngendlela afika ngayo ngaphambili, ezikhathini zangaphambi kokuncintisana - ngokudlala, futhi ngazo kuphela. , efakazela ilungelo lakhe lokwenza ekhonsathini.)

Ngo-1928 Sofronitsky waya phesheya. Uhambo lwakhe lwaseWarsaw, eParis lube yimpumelelo. Cishe unyaka nesigamu uhlala enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Uhlangana nezimbongi, abaculi, abaculi, ujwayelana nobuciko buka-Arthur Rubinstein, Gieseking, Horowitz, Paderewski, Landwska; ufuna iseluleko kungcweti ohlakaniphile nochwepheshe bophiyano, u-Nikolai Karlovich Medtner. I-Paris nesiko layo lakudala, iminyuziyamu, ama-vernissages, i-treasure ecebile yezokwakha inika umculi osemusha imibono eminingi ecacile, yenza umbono wakhe wobuciko bomhlaba ube bukhali futhi ubukhali.

Ngemva kokuhlukana neFrance, uSofronitsky ubuyela ezweni lakubo. Futhi futhi ukuhamba, ukuvakasha, izigcawu ze-philharmonic ezinkulu nezingaziwa kancane. Ngokushesha uqala ukufundisa (umenywa Leningrad Conservatory). I-Pedagogy yayingahloselwe ukuba ibe intshiseko yakhe, ubizo, umsebenzi wokuphila - njengokuthi, ku-Igumnov, Goldenweiser, Neuhaus noma uthisha wakhe u-Nikolaev. Kodwa nokho, ngentando yezimo, wayeboshwe kuye kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, wadela isikhathi esiningi, amandla namandla.

Bese kufika ekwindla nasebusika ka-1941, isikhathi sovivinyo olunzima kakhulu kubantu baseLeningrad naseSofronitsky, abasala edolobheni elivinjezelwe. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngo-December 12, ezinsukwini ezimbi kakhulu zokuvinjelwa, ikhonsathi yakhe yenzeke - engavamile, ehlala njalo enkumbulo yakhe nabanye abaningi. Wadlala ePushkin Theatre (eyayiyi-Alexandrinsky) kubantu ababevikela iLeningrad yakhe. “Kwakungama-degree amathathu ngaphansi kweziro ehholo lase-Alexandrinka,” kusho uSofronitsky kamuva. “Abalaleli, abavikeli bedolobha, babehlezi begqoke amajazi oboya. Ngangidlala amagilavu ​​ngasikwa iminwe… Kodwa indlela ababengilalela ngayo, indlela engangidlala ngayo! Yeka ukuthi lezi zinkumbulo ziyigugu kangakanani... Ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi abalaleli babengiqonda, ukuthi ngithole indlela eya ezinhliziyweni zabo…” (Adzhemov KX Unforgettable. – M., 1972. S. 119.).

USofronitsky uchitha iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule yokuphila kwakhe eMoscow. Ngalesi sikhathi, uvame ukugula, ngezinye izikhathi akabonakali emphakathini izinyanga. Lapho bewalinda ngesineke ngokwengeziwe amakhonsathi akhe; ngamunye wabo uba umcimbi wobuciko. Mhlawumbe ngisho negama concert hhayi okungcono kakhulu uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni kwakamuva kukaSofronitsky.

Lezi zenzo ngesikhathi esisodwa zazibizwa ngokuhlukile: "i-hypnosis yomculo", "i-poetic nirvana", "i-liturgy engokomoya". Ngempela, uSofronitsky akazange nje enze (kahle, wenza kahle kakhulu) lokhu noma lolo hlelo olukhonjiswe kuphosta yekhonsathi. Ngesikhathi edlala umculo, wayebonakala evuma kubantu; Wavuma ngokungagwegwesi okukhulu, ngobuqotho futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuzinikela ngokomzwelo. Mayelana nenye yezingoma zikaSchubert - Liszt, wathi: "Ngifuna ukukhala uma ngidlala le nto." Kwesinye isenzakalo, lapho enikeze izethameli incazelo ephefumulelwe ngempela ye-sonata encane ye-Chopin B-flat, wavuma, esengene ekamelweni lobuciko: “Uma ukhathazeka kanjalo, ngeke ngiwudlale izikhathi ezingaphezu kwekhulu. .” Phinda ukhumbule ngempela umculo odlalwayo so, njengoba abhekana nayo epiyanoni, yanikezwa abambalwa. Umphakathi wakubona futhi wakuqonda lokhu; lapha beka inkomba ku-"magnetic" enamandla ngokungavamile, abaningi abaqinisekisiwe, umthelela womdwebi ezilalelini. Kusukela kusihlwa kwakhe, kwakuvame ukuthi bahambe buthule, esimweni sokugxila ekuzijuleni, njengokungathi bathintana nemfihlo. (U-Heinrich Gustovovich Neuhaus, owayemazi kahle uSofronitsky, wake wathi "isitembu sento engavamile, ngezinye izikhathi cishe engaphezu kweyemvelo, engaqondakali, engaqondakali futhi ehehayo enamandla ihlala ikhona emdlalweni wakhe ...")

Yebo, nabadlali bopiyano ngokwabo izolo, imihlangano nabalaleli nayo ngezinye izikhathi yayiba ngezabo, ngendlela ekhethekile. USofronitsky wayethanda amakamelo amancane, athokomele, izilaleli "zakhe". Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wadlala ngokuzithandela eHholo Elincane Le-Moscow Conservatory, e-House of Scientists futhi - ngobuqotho obukhulu kakhulu - e-House-Museum ka-AN Scriabin, umqambi amkhulekela cishe kusukela ku- iminyaka encane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emdlalweni kaSofronitsky akukaze kube khona amazwibela (umdlalo odabukisayo, oyisicefe ngezinye izikhathi okwehlisa izinga lokuchazwa kwamakhosi adume kabi); isifanekiso esihumushayo, ubulukhuni befomu, obuvela ekuqeqeshweni okuqine kakhulu, kusukela kuhlelo “olwenziwe” olucophelelayo, kusukela ekuphindaphindweni okuvamile kwezingcezu ezifanayo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene. I-stencil ekusebenzeni komculo, umcabango odabukile, kwakuyizinto ezinenzondo kakhulu kuye. “Kubi kakhulu,” esho, “lapho, ngemva kwama-bar ambalwa okuqala athathwe umdlali wopiyano ekhonsathini, usuvele ucabange ukuthi yini ezokwenzeka ngokulandelayo.” Yiqiniso, uSofronitsky wafunda izinhlelo zakhe isikhathi eside futhi ngokucophelela. Futhi yena, ngenxa yazo zonke izinhlobo ze-repertoire yakhe, waba nesikhathi sokuphinda kumakhonsathi adlalwe ngaphambilini. Kodwa - into emangalisayo! - akukaze kube nesigxivizo, kwakungekho nomuzwa "wokukhumbula" lokho ababekusho kusukela esiteji. Ngoba wayenjalo umdali ngomqondo weqiniso nophakeme wegama. “…NguSofronitsky umabi wefa? U-VE Meyerhold wababaza ngesikhathi esisodwa. “Ubani ongaphendula ulimi lwakhe ukuze asho lokhu?” (Esho izwi umabi wefa, Meyerhold, njengoba ungase uqagele, kwakusho umlingisi; ngangingaqondile okomculo ukusebenza, kanye nezomculo ukukhuthalaImpela: ingabe umuntu angasho umuntu owayephila ngesikhathi kanye nozakwabo womdlali wopiyano, lapho ukuqina kanye nemvamisa ye-pulse yokudala, ukushuba kwemisebe yokudala kungazwakala kakhulu kunakuye?

Sofronitsky njalo wadala esiteji sekhonsathi. Ekuculweni komculo, njengaseshashalazini, kungenzeka ukwethula emphakathini umphumela oqediwe womsebenzi owenziwe kahle ngaphambi kwesikhathi (njengoba, isibonelo, umdlali wepiyano odumile wase-Italy u-Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli uyadlala); omunye angakwazi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukudweba isithombe sobuciko khona lapho, phambi kwezilaleli: "lapha, namuhla, manje," njengoba uStanislavsky wayefuna. KuSofronitsky, lo wokugcina wawungumthetho. Izivakashi zamakhonsathi akhe azizange zifike "osukwini lokuvula", kodwa ohlotsheni lokusebenzela lokudala. Njengomthetho, inhlanhla yayizolo njengotolika ayizange imfanele umculi obesebenza kule nkundla yokucobelelana ngolwazi – kwaba njalo… Kunohlobo lweciko, okuthi ukuze liqhubekele phambili, lidinga njalo ukwenqaba okuthile, lishiye okuthile. Kuthiwa u-Picasso wenze imidwebo yokuqala engaba ngu-150 yamaphaneli akhe adumile athi "Impi" kanye "nokuthula" futhi akazange asebenzise enye yazo enguqulweni yokugcina, yokugcina yomsebenzi, nakuba eminingi yale midwebo nemidwebo, ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela abanekhono. ama-akhawunti, ayemahle kakhulu. U-Picasso organic akakwazanga ukuphinda, ukuphinda, ukwenza amakhophi. Kwakufanele afune futhi adale yonke imizuzu; ngezinye izikhathi lahla lokho okwatholakala ngaphambili; ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuxazulula inkinga. Nquma ngandlela thize ngendlela ehlukile, ake sithi, izolo noma ngayizolo. Uma kungenjalo, ubuciko ngokwabo njengenqubo buzolahlekelwa ukuthandeka, injabulo engokomoya, kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile kuye. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngoSofronitsky. Wayengadlala into efanayo kabili ngokulandelana (njengoba kwenzeka kuye ebusheni bakhe, kwenye ye-clavirabends, lapho ecela umphakathi imvume yokuphinda i-impromptu ka-Chopin, engazange imnelise njengomhumushi) - okwesibili " inguqulo” iyinto ehlukile kweyokuqala. USofronitsky kwakufanele aphinde ngemva kukaMahler umqhubi: “Kuyisicefe ngendlela engacabangeki kimi ukuhola umsebenzi ngendlela eyodwa.” Eqinisweni, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa waziveza ngale ndlela, nakuba ngamazwi ahlukene. Engxoxweni nesinye sezihlobo zakhe, ngandlela-thile wehla: “Ngihlala ngidlala ngendlela ehlukile, njalo ehlukile.”

Lezi "ezingalingani" futhi "ezihlukile" zaletha intelezi eyingqayizivele emdlalweni wakhe. Yayihlale iqagela okuthile ekuthuthukisweni, ukusesha kwesikhashana kokudala; ngaphambili kwase kuthiwa uSofronitsky waya esiteji ukudala – ungadali kabusha. Ezingxoxweni, waqinisekisa - izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi enelungelo lokwenza kanjalo - ukuthi yena, njengomhumushi, uhlale "enohlelo oluqinile" ekhanda lakhe: "ngaphambi kwekhonsathi, ngiyazi ukudlala kuze kube yilapho ikhefu lokugcina. ” Kodwa wabe esengeza:

“Enye into ngesikhathi sekhonsathi. Kungase kufane nasekhaya, noma kuhluke ngokuphelele.” Njengasekhaya - okufanayo – Wayengenayo…

Kwakukhona kule pluses (enkulu) kanye minuses (kungenzeka ukuthi akunakugwenywa). Asikho isidingo sokufakazela ukuthi ukwenza ngcono kuyimfanelo eyigugu njengoba kuyivelakancane emisebenzini yanamuhla yabahumushi bomculo. Ukwenza ngcono, ukunikeza intuition, ukwenza umsebenzi esiteji ngokukhuthala futhi isikhathi eside ufundwa, ukuphuma ethrekhi eguquguqukayo ngesikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu, yingcweti kuphela enomcabango ocebile, isibindi, nomcabango wokudala oshisekayo. angakwenza lokhu. Okuwukuphela “kodwa”: awukwazi, ukubeka umdlalo ngaphansi “emthethweni wamanje, umthetho walo mzuzu, isimo sengqondo esinikeziwe, isipiliyoni esinikeziwe…” – futhi kwakulezi zinkulumo lapho u-GG Neuhaus echaza khona. Indlela yesiteji ye-Sofronitsky - akunakwenzeka, ngokusobala, ukuthi bahlale bejabule ngokufanayo kulokho abakutholile. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, uSofronitsky wayengeyena owabadlali bopiyano abalinganayo. Uzinzo lwalungekho phakathi kwezimfanelo zakhe njengomdlali wekhonsathi. Ukuqonda okusankondlo kwamandla angavamile ashintshana naye, kwenzeka, ngezikhathi zokunganaki, ukuthungatha kwengqondo, ukuphelelwa amandla kazibuthe kwangaphakathi. Impumelelo yobuciko egqama kakhulu, cha, cha, yebo, ihlanganiswe nokwehluleka okuyinhlamba, ukukhuphuka okunqobayo - nokuwohloka okungalindelekile nokubi, ukuphakama kokudala - "namathafa" amcasula ngokujulile nangobuqotho ...

Abasondelene nomdwebi babazi ukuthi kwakungeke kwenzeke ukubikezela okungenani ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukusebenza kwakhe okuzayo kuzophumelela noma cha. Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngezimo ezinovalo, ezintekenteke, ezisengozini kalula (kanye wathi ngaye: "Ngiphila ngaphandle kwesikhumba"), uSofronitsky wayengakwazi njalo ukuzihlanganisa ngaphambi kwekhonsathi, agxilise intando yakhe, anqobe i-spasm. ukukhathazeka, thola ukuthula kwengqondo. Okubonisa ngalo mqondo indaba yomfundi wakhe u-IV Nikonovich: “Kusihlwa, ihora ngaphambi kwekhonsathi, ngesicelo sakhe, ngangivame ukumbiza ngetekisi. Umgwaqo osuka ekhaya uye ehholo lekhonsathi wawuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ... Kwakunqatshelwe ukukhuluma ngomculo, mayelana nekhonsathi ezayo, yebo, mayelana nezinto ze-prosaic ezingavamile, ukubuza yonke inhlobo yemibuzo. Kwakwenqatshelwe ukuphakanyiswa ngokweqile noma ukuthula, ukuphazamisa isimo sangaphambi kwekhonsathi noma, ngokuphambene, ukugxila kukho. Uvalo lwakhe, uzibuthe wangaphakathi, ukuthinteka kokukhathazeka, ukungqubuzana nabanye kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba wabo ngalezi zikhathi. (Izinkumbulo zikaNikonovich IV ze-VV Sofronitsky // Izinkumbulo zikaSofronitsky. S. 292.).

Injabulo eyahlukumeza cishe bonke abaculi bekhonsathi yamqeda amandla uSofronitsky cishe kunabanye. Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngezinye izikhathi kwakukhulu kangangokuthi zonke izinombolo zokuqala zesimiso, ngisho nengxenye yokuqala yakusihlwa, zazihamba “ngaphansi kopiyano,” njengoba yena ngokwakhe esho. Kuphela kancane kancane, ngobunzima, akuzange kusheshe kufike ukukhululwa kwangaphakathi. Kwabe sekufika into esemqoka. "Ukudlula" okudumile kukaSofronitsky kwaqala. Into lapho izixuku ziye zaya emakhonsathini omdlali wopiyano zaqala: Ingcwele Yezingcwele zomculo zembulwa kubantu.

Ukuthuthumela, ugesi ngokwengqondo wobuciko bukaSofronitsky wazizwa cishe yilowo nalowo izilaleli zakhe. Nokho, ukuqonda okwengeziwe kwaqagela enye into kulobu buciko - ukudlula kwayo okudabukisayo. Yilokhu okwamehlukanisa nabaculi ababebonakala besondelene naye ezifisweni zabo zobunkondlo, inqolobane yemvelo yokudala, uthando lokubuka umhlaba, njengoCortot, Neuhaus, Arthur Rubinstein; beka yedwa, indawo ekhethekile embuthanweni wabantu ababephila ngesikhathi. Ukugxekwa komculo, okwahlaziya ukudlala kuka-Sofronitsky, kwakungekho ukukhetha ngempela ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekufuneni okufanayo nezifaniso zezincwadi nemidwebo: emhlabeni wobuciko odidekile, okhathazekile, onemibala emnyama kaBlok, Dostoevsky, Vrubel.

Abantu ababema eduze kukaSofronitsky babhala ngokulangazelela kwakhe okuphakade emaphethelweni alolwe kakhulu. “Ngisho nangezikhathi zomdlalo opopayi ojabulisa kakhulu,” kukhumbula u-AV Sofronitsky, indodana yomdlali wopiyano, “ukushwabana okudabukisayo akuzange kusuke ebusweni bakhe, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba athole ukubonakaliswa kokwaneliseka okuphelele kuye.” UMaria Yudina ukhulume "ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhlupheka", "ukungahlaliseki okubalulekile ..." Akungabazeki ukuthi, ukushayisana okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokomoya nangokwengqondo kukaSofronitsky, indoda nomdwebi, kwathinta umdlalo wakhe, kwanikeza isithombe esikhethekile kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lo mdlalo ucishe wopha ekuvezeni kwawo. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu babekhala emakhonsathini omdlali wopiyano.

Manje ikakhulukazi mayelana neminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaSofronitsky. Ebusheni bakhe, ubuciko bakhe babuhluke ngezindlela eziningi. Ukugxekwa kwabhala “ngokuphakanyiswa”, mayelana “nezindlela zothando” zomculi osemusha, mayelana “nezimo zakhe ezijabulisayo”, mayelana “nokuphana kwemizwa, amazwi ahlabayo ahlabayo” nokunye okunjalo. Ngakho wadlala upiyano opus of Scriabin, futhi umculo Liszt (kuhlanganise B minor sonata, lapho waphothula Conservatory); emthanjeni ofanayo ongokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, wachaza imisebenzi kaMozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Debussy, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Medtner, Prokofiev, Shostakovich nabanye abaqambi. Lapha, mhlawumbe, kungadingeka ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi yonke into eyenziwa nguSofronitsky ayikwazi ukufakwa ohlwini - wayegcina amakhulu emisebenzi enkumbulweni yakhe futhi eminweni yakhe, angamemezela (okuyinto, ngendlela, akwenzile) ngaphezu kwekhonsathi eyishumi nambili. izinhlelo, ngaphandle kokuphinda kunoma iyiphi yazo: i-repertoire yakhe yayingenamkhawulo ngempela.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izambulo ezingokomzwelo zomdlali wopiyano ziba zimbi nakakhulu, ukuthinteka kubangela ukujula namandla okuhlangenwe nakho, osekushiwo kakade, futhi okuningi kakhulu. Isithombe sika-Sofronitsky ongasekho, umdwebi owasinda empini, ubusika obubi baseLeningrad obungamashumi amane nanye, ukulahlekelwa abathandekayo, bucwebezela emibhalweni yayo. Mhlawumbe ukudlala soindlela adlale ngayo eminyakeni yakhe enciphayo, kwakungenzeka ukushiya ngemuva wakhe indlela yokuphila. Kuke kwaba necala lapho esho ngokungagwegwesi ngalokhu kumfundi owayezama ukuveza okuthile ophiyano ngomoya kathisha wakhe. Abantu abavakashele amabhendi ekhibhodi omdlali wopiyano eminyakeni engamashumi amane namashumi amahlanu kungenzeka ukuthi bakhohlwe ukutolika kwakhe iculo likaMozart elithi C-minor, izingoma zikaSchubert-Liszt, “Apassionata” kaBeethoven, Inkondlo Ebuhlungu kanye nesonata yokugcina kaScriabin, izingcezu zikaChopin, Fa- sharp- I-sonata encane, "Kreisleriana" neminye imisebenzi kaSchumann. Ubukhosi obuziqhenyayo, cishe i-monumentalism yezakhiwo zomsindo we-Sofronitsky ngeke zikhohlwe; impumuzo ebaziwe kanye neqhubu lemininingwane yepiyano, imigqa, amakhonto; iveza ngokwedlulele, eyethusa umphefumulo "i-deklamato". Futhi enye into: i-lapidarity ebonakala ngokucacile nakakhulu yesitayela sokwenza. “Waqala ukudlala yonke into elula kakhulu futhi eqinile kunangaphambili,” kuphawula abaculi ababeyazi kahle indlela yakhe, “kodwa lokhu kubalula, ukwethembeka kanye neqembu elihlakaniphile kwangishaqisa ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. Wanikeza kuphela ingqikithi enqunu kakhulu, njengokugxilisa ingqondo ethile ekugcineni, ihlule lomzwelo, umcabango, uzo ... esethole inkululeko ephakeme kakhulu ngezindlela ezincishana ngendlela engavamile, ezicindezelwe, ezinamandla ngokuzithiba. (Izinkumbulo zikaNikonovich IV ze-VV Sofronitsky // Ecashunwe ku-ed.)

USofronitsky ngokwakhe wayebheka inkathi yeminyaka engamashumi amahlanu njengento ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ephawulekayo emlandweni wakhe wobuciko. Cishe kwakunjalo. Ubuciko bokushona kwelanga babanye abaculi ngezinye izikhathi zidwetshwe ngamathoni akhethekile ngokuphelele, ayingqayizivele ekuvezeni kwawo - amathoni okuphila nokudala "ikwindla yegolide"; lawo mathoni anjenge-reflection alahlwa ukukhanyiselwa okungokomoya, ukujula ngaphakathi kwakho, i-psychological condensed. Ngenjabulo engachazeki, silalela ama-opus okugcina kaBeethoven, sibheka ubuso obudabukisayo bamakhehla nabesifazane bakaRembrandt, abathunjwa nguye ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, futhi bafunde izenzo zokugcina zikaGoethe's Faust, Ukuvuswa kukaTolstoy noma uDostoevsky ethi The Brothers Karamazov. Kwawela esizukulwaneni sangemva kwempi yabalaleli baseSoviet ukuze baxhumane nobuciko bangempela bomculo nobuciko obudlalwayo - ubuciko obuhle beSofronitsky. Umdali wazo usesezinhliziyweni zezinkulungwane zabantu, ekhumbula ngokwazisa nangothando ubuciko bakhe obumangalisayo.

G. Tsypin