I-Cleveland Orchestra |

I-Cleveland Orchestra

I-Cleveland Orchestra iyi-orchestra ye-symphony yaseMelika ezinze eCleveland, e-Ohio. I-orchestra yasungulwa ngo-1918. Indawo yekhonsathi yasekhaya ye-orchestra iSeverance Hall. Ngokwesiko elakhelwe ekugxekweni komculo waseMelika, iCleveland Orchestra ingeyamaqembu amahlanu aphezulu e-symphony ase-US (okubizwa ngokuthi “Ama-Big Five”), futhi iyona kuphela i-orchestra evela kulaba abahlanu abavela edolobheni elincane laseMelika.

ICleveland Orchestra yasungulwa ngo-1918 ngumshayi wopiyano u-Adella Prentice Hughes. Kusukela yasungulwa, i-orchestra ibingaphansi kosizo olukhethekile lwe-Association for the Arts in Music. Umqondisi wokuqala wobuciko weCleveland Orchestra kwakunguNikolai Sokolov. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuba khona kwayo, i-orchestra yavakashela ingxenye esempumalanga ye-United States, yahlanganyela ekusakazweni komsakazo. Ngokuthuthuka komkhakha wokuqopha, i-orchestra yaqala ukuqopha njalo.

Kusukela ngo-1931, i-orchestra bezinze e-Severence Hall, eyakhiwe ngezindleko zomthandi womculo waseCleveland kanye ne-philanthropist uJohn Severance. Leli hholo lekhonsathi elinezihlalo ezingu-1900 libhekwa njengelinye lamahle kakhulu e-United States. Ngo-1938, esikhundleni sika-Nikolai Sokolov kwashintshwa u-Artur Rodzinsky, owayesebenze ne-orchestra iminyaka engu-10. Ngemva kwakhe, i-orchestra yayiqondiswa ngu-Erich Leinsdorf iminyaka emithathu.

Ukudlondlobala kweCleveland Orchestra kwaqala ngokufika komholi wayo, umbhidisi uGeorge Sell. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe kulo msebenzi ngo-1946 ngokuhlelwa kabusha okuphawulekayo kwe-orchestra. Abanye abaculi baxoshwa, abanye, bengafuni ukusebenza nombhidisi omusha, bashiya i-orchestra ngokwabo. Ngawo-1960, i-orchestra yayinabaculi abangaphezu kwe-100 ababephakathi kwabadlali bezinsimbi abahamba phambili eMelika. Ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lekhono lomuntu ngamunye wabo, abagxeki babhala ukuthi iCleveland Orchestra “idlala njengomuntu ocula yedwa omkhulu kunabo bonke.” Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yobuholi bukaGeorge Sell, i-orchestra, ngokusho kwabagxeki, ithole "umsindo waseYurophu" oyingqayizivele.

Ngokufika kukaSell, i-orchestra yaqala ukusebenza nakakhulu emakhonsathini nasekurekhodeni. Phakathi nale minyaka, inani laminyaka yonke lamakhonsathi lafinyelela ku-150 ngesizini ngayinye. Ngaphansi kukaGeorge Sell, i-orchestra yaqala ukuvakasha phesheya. Kubandakanya, ngo-1965, uhambo lwakhe lwe-USSR lwenzeka. Amakhonsathi ayebanjelwe eMoscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi naseYerevan.

Ngemuva kokushona kukaGeorge Sell ngo-1970, uPierre Boulez waqondisa iCleveland Orchestra njengomeluleki womculo iminyaka emi-2. Esikhathini esizayo, ababhidisi abaziwayo baseJalimane u-Lorin Maazel noChristoph von Dohnanyi babengabaqondisi bezobuciko be-orchestra. U-Franz Welser-Möst ube ngumbhidi oyinhloko we-orchestra kusukela ngo-2002. Ngaphansi kwemibandela yenkontileka, uzohlala eyinhloko ye-Cleveland Orchestra kuze kube ngu-2018.

Abaqondisi bomculo:

U-Nikolai Sokolov (1918-1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972-1982) UKristu (1984-2002) Donyoph2002 U-Franz Welser-Möst (kusukela ngo-XNUMX)