I-Melodika: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

I-Melodica ingabizwa ngokuthi i-invention yesimanje. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi amakhophi okuqala asukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, asakazeke engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Uhlolojikelele

Le nsimbi yomculo ayiyona into entsha. Kuyisiphambano phakathi kwe-accordion ne-harmonica.

I-Melodika (melodica) ibhekwa njengento eqanjiwe yaseJalimane. Iyingxenye yeqembu lezinsimbi zomhlanga, ochwepheshe babhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-harmonicas ngekhibhodi. Igama eliphelele, elilungile lensimbi ngokombono wochwepheshe i-melodic harmonica noma iculo lomoya.

Inobubanzi obubanzi obucishe bube ngama-octave angama-2-2,5. Umculi ukhipha umsindo ngokuvuthela umoya emlonyeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo esebenzisa okhiye ngezandla zakhe. Amathuba omculo womculo aphakeme, umsindo uphezulu, kumnandi ukuwulalela. Ihlanganiswe ngempumelelo nezinye izinsimbi zomculo, ngakho isisabalele emhlabeni wonke.

Idivayisi ye-Melody

Idivayisi yomculo iyi-symbiosis ye-harmonica ne-accordion element:

• Uhlaka. Ingxenye engaphandle yekesi ihlotshiswe ngekhibhodi efana nepiyano: okhiye abamnyama bahlanganiswe nabamhlophe. Ngaphakathi kunesikhala somoya esinezilimi. Lapho umenzi ephephetha umoya, ngokucindezela okhiye kuvula ama-valve akhethekile, indiza yomoya isebenza emihlangeni, ngenxa yokuthi kukhishwa umsindo we-timbre ethile, ivolumu, nephimbo.
• Okhiye. Inani lokhiye liyahlukahluka, kuye ngohlobo, imodeli, inhloso yethuluzi. Amamodeli omculo ochwepheshe anokhiye abangu-26-36.
• I-mouthpiece (isiteshi somlomo). Inamathiselwe ohlangothini lwensimbi, eklanyelwe ukuvuthela umoya.

I-melodic harmonica yenza umsindo lapho umoya ushaywa futhi izikhiye ezitholakala ekesini zicindezelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Umlando wethuluzi

Umlando we-melodic harmonica uqala eShayina cishe eminyakeni eyi-2-3 yenkulungwane BC. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwavela khona i-harmonica yokuqala, i-Sheng. Izinto zokwakha kwakungu-bamboo, umhlanga.

I-Sheng yafika eYurophu kuphela ngekhulu le-XVIII. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusungulwa kwamaShayina, i-accordion yavela. Kodwa lo mculo wabonakala emhlabeni kamuva kakhulu.

Amamodeli ahlanganisa amakhono e-accordion ne-harmonica aqala ukukhangiswa ngo-1892. I-harmonica, ifakwe okhiye, yakhiqizwa inkampani ye-German Zimmermann endaweni ye-Tsarist Russia. Umphakathi ubungenantshisekelo kuleli thuluzi, i-Premiere ayizange inakwe. Phakathi neNguquko ka-Okthoba, indawo kaZimmermann yacekelwa phansi yisixuku sabavukeli, amamodeli wezinsimbi, imidwebo, kanye nentuthuko yacekelwa phansi.

Ngo-1958, inkampani yaseJalimane i-Hohner inelungelo lobunikazi bensimbi entsha yomculo, i-melodika, efana naleyo amaRussia ayengayithandi. Ngakho-ke, i-harmonica ye-melodic ibhekwa njengento eqanjiwe yaseJalimane. Le modeli yamukelwa ngokwethembeka futhi yasakazwa ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke.

Iminyaka yama-60 yekhulu leminyaka edlule yayiwusuku oludumile lwe-melodic harmonica. Ikakhulukazi wathandana nabadlali base-Asia. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zomculo yintengo ephansi, ukusetshenziswa kalula, ukubumbana, imisindo ekhanyayo, ephefumulayo.

Izinhlobo zamaculo

Amamodeli wezinsimbi ayahluka ngebanga lomculo, izici zesakhiwo, osayizi:

• I-Tenor. Lapho edlala, umculi usebenzisa izandla zombili: kwesokunxele usekela ingxenye engezansi, kwesokudla uhlunga izihluthulelo. Inketho eyamukelekayo kakhudlwana ihilela ukubeka isakhiwo endaweni eyisicaba, ukunamathisela ithubhu elide eliguquguqukayo emgodini womjovo: lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulule isandla sakho sesibili, sebenzisa kokubili ukuze ucindezele okhiye. Isici esihlukile semodeli ithoni ephansi.
• I-Soprano (i-alto melody). Iphakamisa ithoni ephezulu kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-tenor. Amanye amamodeli afaka ukudlala ngezandla zombili: okhiye abamnyama batholakala ohlangothini olulodwa, okhiye abamhlophe ngakolunye.
• ibhesi. Inethoni ephansi kakhulu. Bekujwayelekile ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, namuhla kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

Indawo yokusebenza

Isetshenziswa ngempumelelo abadlali be-solo, iyingxenye yama-orchestra, ama-ensembles, amaqembu omculo.

Esiwombeni sesibili, isetshenziswe kakhulu ngabaculi be-jazz, i-rock, amaqembu e-punk, abaculi bomculo we-reggae baseJamaica. Ingxenye yomculo we-solo ikhona kwenye yezingoma zomculi odumile u-Elvis Presley. Umholi weThe Beatles, uJohn Lennon, akazange alishaye indiva leli thuluzi.

Amazwe ase-Asia asebenzisa umculo emfundweni yomculo wesizukulwane esisha. Ithuluzi laseYurophu empeleni seliyingxenye yesiko laseMpumalanga; namuhla isetshenziswa kakhulu eJapan naseChina.

I-Russia ixhaphaza i-harmonica ye-melodic kancane ngenkuthalo: ingabonakala ku-arsenal yabanye abameleli bomshoshaphansi, i-jazz, nezitayela zabantu.