Ukuthengwa kwe-clarinet. Ungakhetha kanjani i-clarinet?

Umlando we-clarinet ubuyela emuva ezikhathini zikaGeorg Philipp Telemann, uGeorg Friedrich Handel no-Antonio Vivaldi, okusho ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Yibo abazala i-clarinet yanamuhla ngokungazi, besebenzisa emisebenzini yabo i-shawm (chalumeau), okungukuthi i-prototype ye-clarinet yesimanje. Umsindo we-shawm wawufana nomsindo wecilongo le-baroque elibizwa ngokuthi i-Clarino - ephakeme, ekhanyayo futhi ecacile. Igama le-clarinet yanamuhla lisuselwa kule nsimbi.

Ekuqaleni, i-clarinet yayinomlomo ofana nalowo osetshenziswa ecilongo, futhi umzimba wawunezimbobo ezinama-flap amathathu. Ngeshwa, ukuhlanganiswa komlomo kanye nokukhala kwecilongo nomfakeli womtshingo akuzange kunikeze amathuba amakhulu obuchwepheshe. Cishe ngo-1700, umakhi wezinsimbi waseJalimane u-Johann Christoph Denner waqala ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni i-shawm. Wakha umlomo omusha ohlanganisa umhlanga negumbi, futhi wandisa insimbi ngokungeza inkomishi yephimbo ekhulayo.

I-shawm yayingasenzi imisindo ebukhali, ekhanyayo. Umsindo wayo wawufudumele futhi ucace ngokwengeziwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-clarinet kuye kwashintshwa njalo. Amakhenikha athuthukisiwe ukusuka kwamahlanu kuya ezinsukwini zamanje ama-valve angu-17–21. Kwakhiwa amasistimu ahlukahlukene okufaka izicelo: Albert, Öhler, Müller, Böhm. Kwafunwa izinto ezihlukahlukene zokwakha i-clarinet, izinyo lendlovu, i-boxwood kanye ne-ebony yasetshenziswa, okwaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-clarinets.

Ama-clarinets anamuhla ngokuyinhloko amasistimu amabili okufaka isicelo: uhlelo lwesiFulentshi olwethulwa ngo-1843, olukhululekile ngempela, kanye nohlelo lwesiJalimane. Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezimbili zokufaka isicelo ezisetshenzisiwe, ama-clarinets esistimu yesiJalimane ne-French ayahluka ekwakhiweni komzimba, umgodi ongenalutho kanye nokuqina kodonga, okuthinta i-timbre yensimbi nokunethezeka kokudlala. Umzimba uvamise ukuba nezingxenye ezine ezinezimbobo ezine-polycylindrical, okungukuthi ububanzi bawo bangaphakathi buyaguquguquka kubo bonke ubude bomzila. Umzimba we-clarinet ngokuvamile wenziwa ngokhuni oluqinile lwase-Afrika olubizwa ngokuthi i-Grenadilla, i-Mozambican Ebony kanye ne-Honduran Rosewood - esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-marimbaphone. Kumamodeli ahamba phambili, iBuffet Crampon isebenzisa uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lweGrenadilla - Mpingo. Amamodeli esikole nawo enziwe ngento ebizwa nge-ABS, eyaziwa ngokuthi “ipulasitiki”. Ama-dampers enziwe nge-alloy yethusi, i-zinc ne-nickel. Ziyi-nickel-plated, zifakwe ngesiliva noma zenziwe ngegolide. Ngokusho kwabadlali baseMelika be-clarinet, okhiye be-nickel-plated noma igolide-plated banikeza umsindo omnyama, kuyilapho okhiye besiliva - bekhanya. Ngaphansi kwama-flap, kukhona ama-cushions aqinisa izimbobo zensimbi. Imicamelo ethandwa kakhulu yenziwe ngesikhumba nge-impregnation engangeni manzi, isikhumba senhlanzi, imicamelo ene-Gore-Tex membrane noma ukhokho.

Bathandekayo

Ama-clarinets ama-amati ayekade ethandwa kakhulu ePoland. Inkampani yaseCzech yanqoba imakethe yasePoland ngesikhathi izinsimbi ezinjalo zitholakala kuphela ezitolo zomculo. Ngeshwa, kuze kube namuhla, izikole eziningi zomculo zinazo lezo zinsimbi ezingajabulisi ukuzidlala.

Jupiter

I-Jupiter ukuphela komkhiqizo wase-Asia onganconywa ngokuphepha. Muva nje, izinsimbi zenkampani sezithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabadlali abaqalayo be-clarinet. I-Parisienne clarinet iyimodeli ehamba phambili yenkampani, eyenziwe ngokhuni ngokuphelele. Intengo yaleli thuluzi, ngokuphathelene nekhwalithi yayo, isiphakamiso esihle ekilasini lamamodeli esikole.

Hanson

I-Hanson yinkampani yamaNgisi ethembisa kakhulu, ekhiqiza ama-clarinets ukusuka kumamodeli wesikole ukuya kochwepheshe futhi eyenziwe ya-oda ngokucaciswa kwekhasimende ngalinye. Ama-Clarinets enziwe ngokucophelela ngokhuni lwekhwalithi enhle futhi afakwe izesekeli ezinhle. U-Hanson wengeza umlomo we-Vandoren B45, icala le-Ligaturka BG ne-BAM njengokujwayelekile kumodeli yesikole.

lezitsha

I-Buffet Crampon Paris iwuphawu lwe-clarinet oludume kakhulu emhlabeni. Imvelaphi yenkampani ihlehlela emuva ku-1875. I-Buffet inikeza ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezinsimbi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-serial okuhle kwekhwalithi ngentengo ethengekayo. Ikhiqiza ama-clarinets kubo bobabili abaqalayo nabadlali be-clarinet abaqeqeshiwe. Izinhlobo zesikole ezinereferensi yenombolo B 10 kanye no-B 12 zenziwe ngepulasitiki. Bangama-clarinets angasindi kubaculi abasaqala, abahle kakhulu ekufundiseni izingane ezincane. Amanani abo ayathengeka kakhulu. I-E 10 ne-E 11 amamodeli okuqala esikole enziwe ngokhuni lwe-Grenadilla. I-E 13 iyisikole esidume kakhulu kanye ne-clarinet yabafundi. Abaculi batusa leli thuluzi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenani (eliphansi maqondana nekhwalithi yalo). I-Buffet RC iyimodeli yobungcweti, eyaziswa kakhulu eFrance nase-Italy. Ibonakala ngephimbo elihle nomsindo omuhle, ofudumele.

Enye, imodeli ye-Buffet ephakeme i-RC Prestige. Yathola ukuduma ePoland ngemva nje kokuba ikhishwe emakethe, futhi okwamanje iyi-clarinet yochwepheshe ethengwa kakhulu. Yenziwe ngokhuni olukhethiwe (izinhlobo zeMpingo) ezinamasongo aminyene. Leli thuluzi linezimbobo ezengeziwe endishini yezwi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsindo werejista ephansi kanye nephimbo elihle kakhulu. Ifakwe futhi ngamakhushini e-Gore-Tex. Imodeli yoMkhosi ingaphezulu noma ngaphansi ezingeni elifanayo. Iyinsimbi enomsindo omnandi, ofudumele. Ngeshwa, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izinsimbi kulolu chungechunge zinezinkinga zephimbo. Noma kunjalo, batuswa ama-clarinetists anolwazi. Imodeli ye-R 13 ibonakala ngomsindo ofudumele, ogcwele - insimbi edume kakhulu e-USA, eyaziwa khona ngokuthi i-Vintage. I-Tosca iyimodeli yakamuva evela ku-Buffet Crampon. Njengamanje iyimodeli yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo ebonakala ngentengo ephezulu. Kuyavunywa, ine-applicator ekhululekile, i-flap eyengeziwe yokwandisa umsindo we-F, ukhuni oluhle olunamasongo aminyene, kodwa futhi, ngeshwa, umsindo oyisicaba, iphimbo elingaqinisekile, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi izinsimbi ezenziwe ngesandla.