Ipiyano Mechanical: kuyini, ukwakheka kwensimbi, isimiso sokusebenza, umlando

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba kufike upiyano oluwumshini, abantu babelalela umculo owawudlalwa u-hurdy-gurdy. Indoda eyayiphethe ibhokisi yehla ngomgwaqo, yaphendula isibambo kwabuthana isixuku. Kuzodlula amakhulu eminyaka, futhi isimiso sokusebenza kwesitho somgqomo sizoba yisisekelo sokudala indlela yokwakheka okusha, okuzobizwa ngokuthi i-pianola.

Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza

Ipiyano iyinsimbi yomculo ekhiqiza kabusha umculo ngomgomo wepiyano ngokushaya okhiye ngezando. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwepiyano nepiyano eqondile ukuthi ayidingi ukuba khona komculi okhokhelwayo ukuze ayidlale. Umsindo udlala ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngaphakathi kokunamathiselwe noma idivayisi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi i-roller, phezu kwayo okusetshenziselwa ama-protrusions. Ukuhlelwa kwazo kuhambisana nokulandelana kwamanothi ocezu olwenziwayo. I-roller iculwa ngesibambo, ama-protrusions asebenza ngokulandelana ezando, futhi kutholakala ingoma.

Enye inguqulo yokuqamba, eyavela kamuva, yasebenza ngesimiso esifanayo, kodwa amaphuzu abhalwe ngekhodi ephepheni lephepha. Umoya wawuvunguza ngezimbobo zetheyiphu ebhontshiwe, usebenze kwizando, zona, ezikhiye nezintambo.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, amakhosi aqala ukuhlola imishini yepiyanola ngokususelwa esenzweni sesitho esisebenza ngomshini. Ngaphambi kwepiyanola, kwavela i-harmonicon, lapho izinduku zisebenza ebhodini eliphiniwe. Kamuva, umsunguli ongumFulentshi u-JA Ukuhlolwa kwethula umhlaba ku-cardboardium, lapho ipulangwe elinezinduku lathathelwa indawo ikhadi elibhoboziwe elinomshini womoya.

U-E. Votey uthathwa njengomsunguli wepiyano eyimishini. Ipiyanola yakhe yango-1895 yasebenza ngengcindezi edalwe ukushaya komdlali wopiyano ngaphansi kwensimbi. Umculo wawudlalwa kusetshenziswa amaphepha agqitshwe ngamabhobhothi. Izimbobo ephepheni zazibonisa amanothi kuphela, kwakungekho shades ashukumisayo, kungekho tempo. Umehluko phakathi kwepiyano nopiyano ngaleso sikhathi wawuwukuthi eyokuqala yayingadingi ukuba khona komculi owazi izici ezihlukile zezisebenzi zomculo.

Imishini yokuqala yayinobubanzi obuncane, ubukhulu obukhulu. Babelwa ukudlala upiyano, futhi izilaleli zazihlezi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, bafundisa ukufaka isakhiwo emzimbeni wepiyano futhi basebenzise idrayivu kagesi. Ubukhulu bedivayisi bube buncane.

Abaqambi abadumile baba nentshisekelo ensimbini entsha. Bashintsha imisebenzi yabo ukuze ihambisane nepiyanola ngokubhala amaphuzu emiqulu yamaphepha. Phakathi kwababhali abadume kakhulu nguS. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky.

Amagramafoni aqala ukuduma ngeminyaka yawo-30s. Zaba zivamile futhi ngokushesha zashintsha upiyano oluwumshini. Phakathi nokusungulwa kwamakhompiyutha okuqala, isithakazelo kuye saqala kabusha. Ipiyano yedijithali eyaziwayo ivele namuhla, umehluko wawo ekucutshungulweni kwe-elekthronikhi kwezikolo kanye nokuqoshwa kwemisindo ekhodiwe kuma-electronic media.

Ukusebenzisa i-pianola

Ikusasa lethuluzi lomshini lafika ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Abalaleli babefuna ukukhetha izingcezu eziningi, futhi ukufunwa kwazala ukutholakala. I-repertoire yanda, ama-nocturnes ka-Chopin, ama-symphonies ka-Beethoven ngisho nezingoma ze-jazz zatholakala. UMilhaud, u-Stravinsky, u-Hindemith "ubhale" usebenza ngokukhethekile ku-pianola.

Ijubane nokubulawa kwamaphethini esigqi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwatholakala ensimbini, okwakunzima kubadlali "ababukhoma" ukuthi bayenze. Ethanda upiyano oluyimishini, uConlon Nancarrow wenza ukukhetha kwakhe, owabhala i-Etudes ye-Mechanical Piano.

Umehluko phakathi kwepiyanola nepianoforte ungase uphushele ngokuphelele umculo “bukhoma” ngemuva. Upiyano lwaluhlukile ku-pianola hhayi nje kuphela ngokuthi lwaludinga ukuba khona komculi onekhono. Eminye imisebenzi ibidinga ukufunda isikhathi eside namakhono obuchwepheshe omdlali ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bayo. Kodwa ngokufika kwamagramafoni, ama-radiogram nama-tape recorders, leli thuluzi lalikhohliwe ngokuphelele, lalingasasetshenziswa, futhi manje ungalibona kuphela kumamyuziyamu nasemaqoqweni abathengisi be-antique.