Ipiyano: ukwakheka kwezinsimbi, ubukhulu, umlando, umsindo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ipiyano (ngesiNtaliyane – upiyano) – iwuhlobo lwepiyano, inguqulo yalo encane. Lena ikhibhodi yezintambo, insimbi yomculo evusa inkanuko, ububanzi bayo obungamathoni angama-88. Isetshenziselwa ukudlala umculo ezindaweni ezincane.

Idizayini nomsebenzi

Izindlela ezine eziyinhloko ezakha umklamo izinsimbi zokushaywa kanye nekhibhodi, izindlela zokunyathela, umzimba, nomsindo.

Ingxenye yangemuva yokhuni ye "torso", ivikela zonke izindlela zangaphakathi, inikeze amandla - futor. Kuso kunebhodi lesikhonkwane elenziwe nge-maple noma i-beech - i-virbelbank. Izikhonkwane zishayelwa kuwo futhi izintambo zeluliwe.

Idekhi yepiyano - isihlangu, esiwugqinsi esingaba ngu-1 cm kusuka kumabhodi e-spruce amaningana. Ibhekisela ohlelweni lomsindo, luxhunywe ngaphambili kwe-futor, i-resonates vibrations. Ubukhulu bepiyano buncike enanini lezintambo kanye nobude bebhodi lomsindo.

Uhlaka lwensimbi oluyinsimbi lujijwa phezulu, okwenza upiyano lube nesisindo esinzima. Isisindo esijwayelekile sepiyano sifinyelela ku-200 kg.

Ikhibhodi itholakala ebhodini, iphushelwe kancane phambili, ihlanganiswe ne-cornice ene-stand yomculo (imele umculo). Ukucindezela amapuleti ngeminwe yakho kudlulisa amandla ezando, ezishaya izintambo futhi zikhiphe amanothi. Lapho umunwe ususiwe, i-motif ithuliswa yi-damper.

Uhlelo lwe-damper luhlanganiswe nezando futhi lutholakala engxenyeni eyodwa engashintshi.

Imicu yensimbi esongwe ngethusi iyanwebeka kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokudlala. Ukuze ubuyisele ukunwebeka kwabo, udinga ukubiza inkosi efanelekayo.

Bangaki okhiye upiyano

Imvamisa kuba nezikhiye ezingama-88 kuphela, ezingama-52 ezimhlophe, ezingama-36 zimnyama, yize inani lezihluthulelo kwamanye amapiyano lihlukile. Igama elimhlophe lihambisana namanothi ayi-7 ngokulandelana. Le sethi iphindwa kuyo yonke ikhibhodi. Ibanga ukusuka kwelinye inothi elingu-C ukuya kwelinye liyi-octave. Okhiye abamnyama baqanjwa ngokuya ngendawo yabo ngokuhlobene nokumhlophe: kwesokudla - kucijile, kwesokunxele - isicaba.

Usayizi wokhiye abamhlophe 23mm * 145mm, okhiye abamnyama 9mm * 85mm.

Okungeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe umsindo "wekhwaya" yezintambo (kufika ku-3 umshini ngamunye).

Athini amaphedali epiyano?

Insimbi evamile inamaphedali amathathu, wonke anothisa ingoma ngomzwelo:

• Esokunxele senza amagagasi abe buthaka. Izando zisondela eduze kwezintambo, igebe livela phakathi kwazo, i-span iba yincane, igalelo libuthakathaka.
• Okulungile kusetshenziswe ngaphambi noma ngemva kokucindezela irekhodi, iphakamisa ama-dampers, zonke izintambo zivulekile ngokugcwele, zingazwakala kanyekanye. Lokhu kunikeza umbala ongajwayelekile emculweni.
• Ephakathi ivala umsindo, ibeke ungqimba oluthambile oluzwakalayo phakathi kwezintambo nezando, ikuvumela ukuthi udlale ngisho nasebusuku kakhulu, ngeke isebenze ukuphazamisa abantu ongabazi. Amanye amathuluzi ahlinzeka ngokukhweza ukususa unyawo.

Ngokuvamile kuba khona izinsimbi zomculo ezinama-pedals amabili. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, bacindezelwa ngezitobhi. Lokhu kulula kakhulu kunokhokho we-clavichord: ama-levers akhethekile ahambisa amadolo.

Umlando wepiyano

Ngo-1397 - ukukhulunywa okokuqala e-Italy kwehabhu elisetshenziswa indlela yokukhipha imisindo ephezulu ngokulinganayo. Ububi bedivayisi kwaba ukungabi namandla emculweni.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuya kwele-18, kwavela ama-clavichords e-percussion-clamping. Ivolumu yalungiswa kuye ngokuthi ukhiye ucindezelwe kangakanani. Kodwa umsindo washabalala ngokushesha.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 - uBartolomeo Cristofori wasungula indlela yepiyano yesimanje.

1800 - U-J. Hawkins udale upiyano lokuqala.

1801 - M. Muller udale insimbi yomculo efanayo futhi waqhamuka namaphedali.

Ekugcineni, phakathi nekhulu le-19 - ithuluzi lithatha ukubukeka kwakudala. Umkhiqizi ngamunye ushintsha kancane isakhiwo sangaphakathi, kodwa umqondo oyinhloko uhlala ufana.

Osayizi bepiyano nezinhlobo

Amaqembu ama-4 angahlukaniswa:

• Ikhaya (i-acoustic / digital). Isisindo esingaba ngu-300 kg, ukuphakama kuka-130 cm.
• IKhabhinethi. Okuncane ngosayizi. Isisindo 200 kg, 1 m ukuphakama.
• Isaluni. Isisindo 350 kg, ukuphakama 140 cm. Iba umhlobiso wangaphakathi amakilasi esikoleni, amahholo amancane, izindawo zokudlela, izikhungo ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa.
• Ikhonsathi. Isisindo esingu-500 kg. Ukuphakama 130 cm, ubude 150 cm. Izitudiyo nama-orchestra ayaziqhenya ngawo ngevolumu yawo enemibala ye-timbre.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: isifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sinesisindo esingaphezu kwethani elingu-1, ubude baso singamamitha angu-3,3.

Uhlobo oludume kakhulu yikhabhinethi. Ububanzi bulinganiswa ngekhibhodi, engaba ngu-150 cm. Kubukeka kuhlangene impela.

Umehluko wesici phakathi kwepiyano nepiyano enkulu ukuthi eyakamuva isetshenziswa kumahholo amakhulu ngenxa yevolumu yomsindo wayo kanye nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, ngokungafani nepiyano esetshenziswa ezakhiweni zokuhlala. Izindlela zangaphakathi zepiyano zifakwe ziqondile, ziphakeme, zifakwe eduze kodonga.

Abaqambi nabashayi bopiyano abadumile

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukuthuthukisa amakhono nezingane ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, ukuthuthukisa intende ebanzi. Kuyasiza ukudlala ngobuchule. Abashayi bopiyano abaningi babengabaqambi bemisebenzi yabo. Kwakungavamile ukuba umculi ophumelelayo ngokucula izingoma zabanye abantu.

Ngo-1732 - U-Lodovico Giustini wabhala i-sonata yokuqala emhlabeni ikakhulukazi upiyano.

Omunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu emlandweni womculo womhlaba uLudwig van Beethoven. Wabhala ukusebenzela upiyano, amakhonsathi epiyano, ivayolini, i-cello. Lapho eqamba, wasebenzisa zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo ezikhona.

UFrederic Chopin ungumqambi we-virtuoso wasePoland. Imisebenzi yakhe yenzelwe ukusebenza yedwa, indalo ekhethekile ayikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nanoma yini. Abalaleli bamakhonsathi kaChopin baphawule ukukhanya okungavamile kokuthintwa kwezandla zomqambi kokhiye.

UFranz Liszt – imbangi kaChopin, umculi, uthisha waseHungary. Wanikeza ama-performance angaphezu kuka-1000 ngawo-1850, okwathi ngemva kwalokho washiya futhi wanikela ukuphila kwakhe kwenye imbangela.

U-Johann Sebastian Bach wabhala imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-1000 kuzo zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle kwe-opera. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ILondon Bach (njengoba umqambi ayebizwa kanjalo) yehliswa kakhulu, kwanyatheliswa ngaphansi kwe-10 yayo yonke indalo.

UPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, esemncane, wakwazi ngokushesha ikhono, futhi lapho esemusha wayesevele edlala njengomuntu omdala. Ingqondo kaPeter Ilyich ikumtapo wolwazi womculo womhlaba.

USergei Rachmaninov wakwazi ukwelula isandla sakhe cishe ama-octave angu-2. Ama-Etudes asekhona, okuqinisekisa ubuciko bomqambi. Emsebenzini wakhe, wasekela i-romanticism yekhulu le-19.

Uthando lomculo lunomthelela omuhle ebuchosheni nasenhliziyweni. Kujabulisa umcabango, kukwenza uthuthumele.