Boris Asafyev |

Boris Asafyev

Umculi Wabantu we-USSR (1946). I-Academician (1943). Ngo-1908 waphothula i-Faculty of History and Philology yase-St. Petersburg University, ngo-1910 - i-St. Petersburg Conservatory, ikilasi lokuqamba i-AK Lyadov. Ukuxhumana no-VV Stasov, u-AM Gorky, u-IE Repin, u-NA Rimsky-Korsakov, u-AK Glazunov, u-FI Chaliapin waba nomphumela onenzuzo ekwakhekeni kokubuka kwakhe umhlaba. Kusukela ngo-1910 wasebenza njengomphelekezeli e-Mariinsky Theatre, okwakuyisiqalo sobudlelwane bakhe obuseduze bokudala nenkundla yomculo yaseRussia. Ngo-1910-11, u-Asafiev wabhala ama-ballets okuqala - "Isipho se-Fairy" nethi "White Lily". Ivela ngezikhathi ezithile ekuphrintiwe. Kusukela ngo-1914 wayelokhu enyatheliswa kumagazini "Music".

Imisebenzi ka-Asafiev yesayensi-intatheli kanye nomculo-yomphakathi ithole indawo ekhethekile ngemuva kweNguquko Enkulu Yango-Okthoba Yezomphakathi. Uhlanganyele eziningana zezitho zokunyathelisa (Impilo Yobuciko, i-Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, njll.), ephendula imibuzo ehlukahlukene evela kumamyuziyamu. ukuphila, wahlanganyela emsebenzini wama-museum. i-t-ditch, ikhonsathi kanye nokususwa kwamasiko. izinhlangano ePetrograd. Kusukela ngo-1919, u-Asafiev wayehlotshaniswa ne-Bolshoi Drama. t-rum, wabhala umculo wemidlalo yakhe eminingi. Ngo-1919-30 wasebenza e-Institute of the History of Art (kusukela ngo-1920 wayeyinhloko yesigaba somlando womculo). Kusukela ngo-1925, uProfesa Leningrad. i-conservatory. 1920s - enye yezikhathi ezithela kakhulu zesayensi. Imisebenzi ka-Asafiev. Ngalesi sikhathi, eziningi zadalwa. okubaluleke kakhulu. imisebenzi - "I-Symphonic Etudes", "Izincwadi Ze-Russian Opera ne-Ballet", "Umculo WaseRussia Kusukela Ekuqaleni Kwekhulu Le-19", "Ifomu Lomculo Njengenqubo" (ingxenye 1), imijikelezo yama-monographs kanye nezifundo zokuhlaziya, ezinikezelwe. umsebenzi MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, IF Stravinsky nabanye, nabanye abaningi. izihloko ezibucayi mayelana nesimanje. Abaqambi baseSoviet nabangaphandle, ezindabeni zobuhle, umculo. imfundo nokukhanyiselwa. Ngama-30s. U-Asafiev unikeze uCh. ukunaka komculo. ubuciko, ikakhulukazi wasebenza ngokujulile emkhakheni we-ballet. Ngo-1941-43, e-Leningrad evinjezelwe, u-Asafiev wabhala umjikelezo omkhulu wemisebenzi - "Imicabango Nemicabango" (eshicilelwe ngokwengxenye). Ngo-1943 u-Asafiev wathuthela eMoscow futhi wahola iHhovisi Lokucwaninga eMoscow. Conservatory, futhi wahola Umkhakha Womculo eSikhungweni Somlando Wezobuciko e-USSR Academy of Sciences. Ngo-1948, ku-First All-Union Congress of Composers, wakhethwa ngaphambili. CK USSR. Imiklomelo kaStalin ngo-1943 iminyaka eminingi yempumelelo evelele emkhakheni wezobuciko nango-1948 wencwadi ethi Glinka.

U-Asafiev waba negalelo elimangalisayo emagatsheni amaningi wethiyori nomlando womculo. Ngomculo omnandi. kanye nobuciko obujwayelekile. erudition, ulwazi olujulile lwesintu, wayehlale ecabangela iminyuziyamu. izenzakalo kusizinda esibanzi senhlalo namasiko, ekuxhumaneni kwabo nasekuxhumaneni nazo zonke izici zempilo kamoya. Ithalente elikhanyayo lika-Asafiev lamsiza ukuthi aphinde aveze umbono wamamyuziyamu. umkhiqizo. ngesimo esiphilayo nesingokomfanekiso; Emisebenzini ka-Asafiev, isici socwaningo sivame ukuhlanganiswa nokubhekwa okuphilayo kwememoirist. Omunye wesahluko. izithakazelo zesayensi Asafiev kwaba Russian. umculo wakudala, ehlaziya i-to-ruyu Asafiev yembula ubuzwe bayo bemvelo, ubuntu, ukuba neqiniso, izindlela eziphakeme zokuziphatha. Emisebenzini enikezelwe emculweni nomculo wesimanje. Heritage, Asafiev wenza hhayi kuphela njengoba umcwaningi, kodwa futhi njengoba umphakathi. Isici kulo mqondo yisihloko somunye wemisebenzi ka-Asafiev - "Kusukela esikhathini esedlule kuze kube esizayo." U-Asafiev wakhuluma ngentshiseko nangenkuthalo ekuvikeleni okusha kwezobuciko nomculo. ukuphila. Eminyakeni yangaphambi kokuguquguquka, u-Asafiev waye (kanye no-VG Karatygin no-N. Ya. Myaskovsky) omunye wabagxeki bokuqala kanye nama-propagandst womsebenzi we-SS Prokofiev osemusha. Eminyakeni yama-20s. I-Asafiev inikele ngenani lezindatshana emisebenzini ka-A. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck nabanye. abaqambi bakwamanye amazwe. Encwadini ethi The Book of Stravinsky, ezinye izici zesitayela zembulwa ngobuqili. izinqubo izici zomculo ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ezihlokweni zika-Asafiev "Inkinga Yokudala Umuntu" kanye "Abaqambi, Shesha!" (1924) kwakhala ikhwelo lokuthi abaculi baxhumane nempilo, basondele kumlaleli. UMn. U-Asafiev unaka izindaba zomculo omningi. impilo, nr. ubuhlakani. Ukuze izibonelo best of izikhova. abagxeki bomculo banazo izindatshana zakhe ku-N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Shebalin.

Ifilosofi ne-aesthetic. kanye nemibono yethiyori ka-Asafiev ibe nesibonakaliso. ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Enkathini yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe, wayebonakala enengqondo. izitayela. Ukulwela ukuqonda okunamandla komculo, ukunqoba inkolelo-mbono. izimfundiso zomculo. ifomu, ekuqaleni wayethembele kufilosofi ka-A. Bergson, eboleka, ikakhulukazi, umqondo wakhe "wokuphila okunamandla". Ekubunjweni komculo-wethiyori. Umqondo ka-Asafiev ube nomthelela omkhulu emandleni. Ithiyori ka-E. Kurt. Ucwaningo lwemisebenzi yakudala ye-Marxism-Leninism (kusukela engxenyeni yesi-2 yama-20s) lugunyaze u-Asafiev ekuthandeni izinto ezibonakalayo. izikhundla. Umphumela wokusesha kwethiyori ka-Asafiev kwaba ukudalwa kwethiyori yezwi, yena ngokwakhe ayibheka njenge-hypothesis esiza ukuthola "isihluthulelo sezizathu ezibambekayo zobuciko bomculo njengokubonakaliswa kwangempela kweqiniso." Echaza umculo ngokuthi "ubuciko bencazelo yephimbo", u-Asafiev wayebheka iphimbo njengento ecacile. uhlobo "lokubonakaliswa komcabango" emculweni. Umqondo we-symphonism njengendlela yobuciko, owabekwa phambili ngu-Asafiev, wathola ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwethiyori. okujwayelekile emculweni okususelwe ku-dynamic. umbono weqiniso ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, ukungqubuzana kanye nomzabalazo wezimiso eziphikisanayo. U-Asafiev wayengumlandeli nomlandeli wabameleli abavelele kakhulu baseRussia. imicabango yakudala ngomculo - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi wakhe uphawula isigaba esisha ekuthuthukisweni kwama-muses. isayensi. A. – umsunguli wezikhova. umculo wezomculo. Imibono yakhe ithuthukiswe kahle emisebenzini yamaSoviet, kanye nabanye abaningi. izazi zomculo zakwamanye amazwe.

Umsebenzi wokuqamba we-Asafiev uhlanganisa ama-ballet angu-28, ama-opera angu-11, ama-symphonies angu-4, inqwaba yezothando nezinsimbi zegumbi. ukukhiqizwa, umculo kumakhonsathi amaningi amadrama. Waqeda futhi wadlala i-opera ethi Khovanshchina kaLungu lePhalamende uMussorgsky ngokwemibhalo yesandla yombhali, futhi wenza uhlelo olusha. I-opera kaSerov ethi "Enemy Force"

Umnikelo obalulekile wenziwa ngu-Asafiev ekuthuthukiseni i-ballet. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, wandisa isiko. isiyingi sezithombe zalolu hlobo. Wabhala ama-ballet asekelwe ezakhiweni zika-AS Pushkin – The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre), The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theatre), The Young Lady-Peasant Woman (1946, Big tr.), njll.; NV Gogol – The Night Before Christmas (1938, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Small Opera House); M. Gorky - "uRadda noLoiko" (1938, eMoscow, ipaki emaphakathi yesiko nokuzilibazisa); O. Balzac - "I-Lost Illusions" (1935, i-Leningrad Opera ne-Ballet Theatre); UDante – “Francesca da Rimini” (1947, Moscow Musical Tr eqanjwe ngo-KS Stanislavsky kanye no-VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Emsebenzini we-ballet ka-Asafiev, iqhawe leMpi Yombango - "Izinsuku Ezihlangene" (1937, i-Leningrad Opera ne-Ballet Theatre) yabonakala futhi yakhululwa. umzabalazo wezizwe ngokumelene ne-fascism - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). Kuma-ballet amaningi, u-Asafiev wafuna ukuphinda enze "intonation emkhathini" yangaleso sikhathi. Emculweni we-ballet i-The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), u-Asafiev wasebenzisa imiculo yangenkathi yeNguquko YaseFrance futhi wasebenza ngabaqambi bangaleso sikhathi futhi “wasebenza kulo msebenzi hhayi nje njengombhali wemidlalo, umqambi, kodwa futhi njengesazi somculo. , isazi-mlando kanye ne-theorist, nanjengombhali, ngaphandle kokuzigwema izindlela zenoveli yomlando yesimanje. Indlela efanayo yasetshenziswa u-Asafiev lapho edala i-opera ethi The Treasurer esekelwe esakhiweni sika-M. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) nabanye. ku-repertoire yama-muses aseSoviet. i-t-ditch

Ukwakhiwa: Cha imisebenzi, vols. IV, M., 1952-1957 (in vol. V unikezwe i-bibliography enemininingwane kanye ne-nothography); Okuthandwayo. izihloko eziphathelene nokukhanyiselwa komculo nemfundo, M.-L., 1965; Izihloko ezibucayi nezibuyekezo, M.-L., 1967; I-Oresteia. Umculo. trilogy S. FUTHI. Taneeva, M., 1916; Ezothando S. FUTHI. Taneeva, M., 1916; Umhlahlandlela Wekhonsathi, vol. I. Dictionary of the ezidingekayo kakhulu zomculo kanye lobuchwepheshe. amagama, P., 1919; Isikhathi Esidlule Somculo WaseRussia. Materials and Research, vol. 1. AP KANYE. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); izinkondlo zesiRashiya emculweni wesiRashiya, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokulingiswa, P., 1921; I-Scriabin. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokulingiswa, P., 1921; I-Dante ne-Music, ku-: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Izifundo ze-Symphonic, P., 1922, 1970; P. FUTHI. Chaikovsky. Impilo nomsebenzi wakhe, P., 1922; Izincwadi ze-Russian Opera ne-Ballet, iPetrograd Maviki onke. state acad. amatiyetha”, 1922, No 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; Chopin. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokulingiswa, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokulingiswa, M., 1923; I-Overture "Ruslan noLyudmila" kaGlinka, "I-Musical Chronicle", Sat. 2, P., 1923; Theory of the musical-historical process, as the basis of musical-historical knowledge, in Sat: Tasks and ways of studying the arts, P., 1924; Glazunov. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokulingiswa, L., 1924; UMyaskovsky njenge-symphonist, Umculo Wanamuhla, M., 1924, No 3; Chaikovsky. Memoirs and letters, P., 1924 (ed.); I-Contemporary Russian Musicology kanye Nemisebenzi Yayo Engokomlando, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; I-Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Musical Chronicle, No 3, L., 1926; Imibuzo yomculo esikoleni. Ngomgqibelo. izihloko ed. FUTHI. Glebova, L., 1926; I-Symphonism njengenkinga ye-musicology yesimanje, encwadini: P. Becker, Symphony kusukela Beethoven kuya Mahler, trans. u-ed. FUTHI. Glebova, L., 1926; Umculo wesiFulentshi nabameleli bawo besimanje, eqoqweni: "Ayisithupha" (Milo. Onegger. U-Arik. I-Poulenc. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; U-Kshenec noBerg njengabaqambi be-opera, "Umculo Wesimanje", 1926, No. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; KUSUKA. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Emisebenzini esheshayo ye-sociology yomculo, encwadini: Moser G. I., Umculo wedolobha lasendulo, i-trans. ngesiJalimane, ngaphansi kwe-oda. FUTHI. Glebova, L., 1927; Umculo we-symphonic waseRussia iminyaka engu-10, "Umculo Nenguquko", 1927, No 11; Umculo wasekhaya ngemva kuka-Okthoba, ngoMgqibelo: Umculo omusha, no. 1 (V), L., 1927; Ekutadisheni umculo waseRussia wekhulu le-XVIII. kanye nama-opera amabili ka-Bortnyansky, eqoqweni: Umculo nempilo yomculo yaseRussia yakudala, L., 1927; Imemo mayelana ne-Kozlovsky, ibid.; Ukubuyiselwa kwe "Boris Godunov" nguMussorgsky, L., 1928; Incwadi ekhuluma ngoStravinsky, L., 1929; KODWA. G. Rubinstein emsebenzini wakhe womculo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, uM., 1929; Ezothando lwaseRussia. Umuzwa wokuhlaziya iphimbo. Ngomgqibelo. izihloko ed. B. AT. Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Isingeniso se-Study of Mussorgsky's Dramaturgy, ku: Mussorgsky, ingxenye XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Imibhalo nezinto zokwakha, M., 1930; Ifomu lomculo njengenqubo, M., 1930, L., 1963; KUYA. Nef. Umlando waseNtshonalanga Yurophu. umculo, olubuyekeziwe kanye nokwengezwa trans. nge-franc. B. AT. Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; Umculo wesiRashiya kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uM.-L., 1930, 1968; Ukubukwa komculo nobuhle bukaMussorgsky, ku: M. AP Mussorgsky. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-50 efa. 1881-1931, eMoscow, 1932. Emsebenzini kaShostakovich kanye ne-opera yakhe ethi "Lady Macbeth", eqoqweni: "Lady Macbeth wesifunda saseMtsensk", L., 1934; Indlela yami, “SM”, 1934, No 8; Ngikhumbula uP. FUTHI. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuya esikhathini esizayo, uchungechunge lwezihloko, eqoqweni: "SM", No 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Izigcawu zamagama P. FUTHI. Tchaikovsky. Umuzwa wokuhlaziya iphimbo lesitayela nomculo. idramaturgy, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; I-symphony yesishiyagalombili D. Shostakovich, in sb.: Moscow Philharmonic, Moscow, 1945; Umqambi 1st pol. Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX, cha. 1, M., 1945 (ochungechungeni oluthi "Russian classical music"); KUSUKA. AT. Rachmaninov, M., 1945; Ifomu lomculo njengenqubo, incwadi. 2nd, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (kanye nengxenye yokuqala); Glinka, M., 1; Enchantress. I-Opera P. FUTHI. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Izindlela zokuthuthukisa umculo wamaSoviet, ku: Essays on Soviet musical creativity, M.-L., 1947; I-Opera, ibid.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Ezingxoxweni zami noGlazunov, INcwadi Yonyaka Yesikhungo Somlando Wezobuciko, eMoscow, ngo-1948; Amahemuhemu kaGlinka, eqoqweni: M.

References: Lunacharsky A., Enye yezinguquko emlandweni wezobuciko, "Bulletin of the Communist Academy", 1926, incwadi. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. ELeningrad, ngo-1937; UZhitomirsky D., u-Igor Glebov njengomshicileli, "SM", 1940, No 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Literature and Art", 1943, September 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, “Soviet music”, Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., Umculi, umcabango, umsabalalisi, ibid.; Bernandt G., Esikhumbuzweni sika-Asafiev, "SM", 1949, No 2; U-Livanova T., u-BV Asafiev no-Glinkiana waseRussia, eqoqweni: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; Inkumbulo ka-BV Asafiev, Sat. izihloko, M., 1951; UMazel L., Emqondweni wethiyori yomculo we-Asafiev, "SM", 1957, No 3; Kornienko V., Ukwakhiwa kanye nokuvela kwemibono yobuhle ye-BV Asafiev, "Isayensi-yendlela. Amanothi e-Novosibirsk Conservatory, ngo-1958; Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Indlela yomcwaningi nomsakazi, L., 1964; I-Iranek A., Ezinye izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-Marxist musicology ekukhanyeni kwethiyori ka-Asafiev yephimbo, ngoSat: Intonation kanye nesithombe somculo, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, e: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

Yu.V. I-Keldysh