Alexander Alexandrovich Davidenko |
Alexander Davidenko
Ezobuciko zikaDavidenko ayikho imininingwane ebhalwe ngobunono, njengoba zingekho izithombe zabantu ngabanye nabalingiswa, noma ukudalulwa kokuhlangenwe nakho okujulile komuntu siqu, okujulile; into esemqoka kukho okunye - isithombe soquqaba, isifiso sabo, ukukhuphuka, umfutho ... D. Shostakovich
Ngama-20-30s. Phakathi kwabaqambi baseSoviet, kwagqama u-A. Davidenko, umsakazi wezingoma eziningi ongakhathali, umbhidisi wekwaya onekhono, nomuntu ovelele emphakathini. Wayengumqambi wohlobo olusha, ukukhonza ubuciko kuye kwakuxhunyaniswe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wokufundisa okhuthele futhi ongakhathali phakathi kwabasebenzi, abalimi abahlangene, amadoda e-Red Army kanye ne-Red Navy. Ukuxhumana noquqaba kwakuyisidingo esibalulekile nesimo esidingekayo ukuze abe khona njengengcweti. Indoda ekhanyayo ngokungavamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isiphetho esibuhlungu, uDavidenko waphila ukuphila okufushane, engenaso isikhathi sokuqaphela zonke izinhlelo zakhe. Wazalelwa emndenini we-telegraph opharetha, eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili wahlala eyintandane (kamuva wahlushwa umcabango wokuthi uzohlanganyela isiphetho sabazali bakhe abashona besebancane), kusukela eneminyaka engu-15 waqala. impilo yokuzimela, ukuzuza izifundo. Ngo-1917, yena, ngamazwi akhe, “wathatha izintambo” esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi, lapho athunyelwa khona usingayise nalapho ayengenamandla khona ezifundweni eziyisisekelo, eqhutshwa izifundo zomculo kuphela.
Ngo-1917-19. UDavidnko wafunda e-Odessa Conservatory, ngo-1919-21 wakhonza e-Red Army, wabe esesebenza njengokuhleleka kukaloliwe. Isenzakalo esibalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe kwaba ukwamukelwa kwakhe ngo-1922 eMoscow Conservatory ekilasini lika-R. Gliere nase-Choir Academy, lapho afunda khona no-A. Kastalsky. Indlela yokudala kaDavidnko yayingalingani. Izothando zakhe zakuqala, izingcezu ezincane zekhwaya nepiyano ziphawulwa wukuqunjelwa okuthile kwemizwa. Ziyi-autobiographical futhi ngokungangabazeki zixhumene nesipiliyoni esinzima sobuntwana nesobusha. Ushintsho lwenzeka entwasahlobo ka-1925, lapho kumenyezelwa umncintiswano endaweni yokugcinwa kwezincwadi “womculo oguquguqukayo” ongcono kakhulu owawunikezelwe inkumbulo ka-VI Lenin. Abaqambi abancane abangaba ngu-10 babambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni, owabe wenza umnyombo we "Ithimba Lokukhiqiza labafundi abaqambi be-Moscow Conservatory" (Prokoll), elidalwe ngokusuka kukaDavidenko. I-Prokoll ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside (1925-29), kodwa yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokudala kwabaqambi abasha, kuhlanganise no-A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Koval, I. Dzerzhinsky, V. Bely. Umgomo oyinhloko weqoqo kwaba isifiso sokudala imisebenzi mayelana nokuphila kwabantu baseSoviet. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunakwa kakhulu ingoma yobuningi. Ngaleso sikhathi, leli gama, kanye nomqondo "wokucula ngobuningi", kwakusho ukucula kwamakhwaya amaningi.
Ezingomeni zakhe, uDavidnko wasebenzisa ngobuciko izithombe namasu omculo wezingoma zomdabu, kanye nemigomo yokubhala okuningi. Lokhu kwase kubonakala engomeni yokuqala yomqambi ethi Budyonny's Cavalry (Art. N. Aseev), The Sea Moaned Furiously (Folk Art), kanye ne-Barge Hauler (Art. N. Nekrasov). Ngo-1926, uDavidenko wasebenzisa umbono wakhe "wentando yeningi ye-sonata kanye nezinhlobo ze-fugue" ku-sonata yekhwaya ethi "Working May", kwathi ngo-1927 wakha umsebenzi ovelele othi "The Street is Worried", owawuyingxenye yomsebenzi ohlangene weProcall - i-oratorio "Indlela ka-Okthoba". Lesi isithombe esinemibala egqamile sokuboniswa kwezisebenzi namasosha ngoFebhuwari 1917. Ifomu le-fugue lapha lingaphansi komklamo wobuciko, lenzelwe ukuveza izici ezihleliwe zomgwaqo oguquguqukayo onamazwi amaningi.
Wonke umculo ugcwele umbala wesintu - izingoma zabasebenzi, zamasosha, i-ditties flash, ukushintshana komunye nomunye, kuhlanganiswe nendikimba eyinhloko, ukuyifaka.
Isiqephu sesibili somsebenzi kaDavidnko kwakuyikwaya ethi "Engxenyeni yeshumi", enikezelwe izisulu zenguquko ka-1905. Yayihloselwe futhi i-oratorio "Indlela ka-Okthoba". Le misebenzi emibili iqedela imisebenzi kaDavidnko njengomhleli weProcall.
Esikhathini esizayo, uDavidenko uhileleke kakhulu emsebenzini womculo nowokufundisa. Uhambahamba izwe lonke futhi ahlele imibuthano yamakwaya yonke indawo, ababhalele izingoma, aqoqe izinto zemisebenzi yakhe. Umphumela walo msebenzi kwaba "I-Cavalry Yokuqala, Ingoma Emayelana Ne-People's Commissar, Iculo mayelana no-Stepan Razin", izinhlelo zezingoma zeziboshwa zezombangazwe. Izingoma ezithi "Babefuna ukusishaya, bafuna ukusishaya" (Art. D. Poor) nethi "Vintovochka" (Art. N. Aseev) zazithandwa kakhulu. Ngo-1930, uDavidnko waqala ukusebenza ku-opera "1919", kodwa lo msebenzi awuzange uphumelele. Kuphela indawo yamakwaya ethi "Rise of the wagon" eyahlukaniswa nombono wobuciko onesibindi.
Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe uDavidenko wasebenza ngokufutheka. Lapho ebuya ohambweni oluya esifundeni saseChechen, udala i-"Chechen Suite" enemibala eminingi kakhulu yekwaya ye-cappella, esebenza emsebenzini omkhulu wezwi kanye ne-symphonic "Red Square", ubamba iqhaza elikhulu emsebenzini womculo nowokufundisa. Ukufa kwakumlinde uDavidenko ngokoqobo endaweni yokulwa. Wafa ngoMeyi 1 ngemva kokuboniswa kweMay Day ngo-1934. Ingoma yakhe yokugcina ethi "May Day Sun" (ubuciko A. Zharova) yanikezwa umklomelo emncintiswaneni we-People's Commissariat of Education. Umngcwabo kaDavidnko uphenduke into engavamile ekhonsathini elinjalo lengoma enkulu - ikhwaya enamandla yabafundi be-conservatory kanye nemidlalo ye-amateur yacula izingoma ezinhle kakhulu zomqambi, ngaleyo ndlela ihlonipha inkumbulo yomculi omangalisayo - umshisekeli wenqwaba yamaSoviet. ingoma.
O. Kuznetsova
