Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Umsebenzi ka-A. Kholminov uye waziwa kabanzi ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ngayinye yemisebenzi yakhe, kungaba ingoma, i-opera, i-symphony, ekhangayo kumuntu, ibangela uzwela olusebenzayo. Ubuqotho besitatimende, ukuhlalisana kwabantu kwenza umlaleli angabonakali enkingeni yolimi lomculo, isisekelo esijulile okuyingoma yokuqala yesiRashiya. “Kuzo zonke izimo, umculo kufanele unqobe emsebenzini,” kusho umqambi. “Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zibalulekile, kodwa ngithanda ukucabanga. Umcabango omusha womculo uyivelakancane kakhulu, futhi, ngokubona kwami, usekuqaleni komculo.

U-Kholminov wazalelwa emndenini wabasebenzi. Iminyaka yakhe yobuntwana yaqondana nesikhathi esinzima, esiphikisanayo, kodwa kumfana ukuphila kwase kuvulekele ohlangothini lwayo lokudala, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isithakazelo emculweni sanqunywa kusenesikhathi. Ukomela okuvelayo komculo kwaneliseka ngomsakazo, owavela endlini ekuqaleni kwawo-30s, owawusakaza umculo omningi we-classic, ikakhulukazi i-opera yaseRussia. Ngaleyo minyaka, ngenxa yomsakazo, kwakubhekwa njengekhonsathi kuphela, futhi kamuva kwaba ingxenye yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kuKholminov. Omunye umbono onamandla ngokulinganayo kwakuyifilimu yomsindo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umdwebo odumile uChapaev. Ubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, uthando lobuntwana lwaphefumulela umqambi we-opera Chapaev (esekelwe inoveli yegama elifanayo likaD. Furmanov kanye nesikrini sabazalwane bakaVasiliev).

Ngo-1934, amakilasi aqala esikoleni somculo esifundeni saseBaumansky saseMoscow. Yiqiniso, kwakudingeka ngingabi nayo insimbi yomculo, ngoba yayingekho imali yokuyithenga. Abazali abazange baphazamise uthando lomculo, kodwa babematasa ngokungabi nabugovu lapho umqambi wesikhathi esizayo ayehlanganyela khona, ngezinye izikhathi bakhohlwa yikho konke okunye. Namanje engenalo ulwazi mayelana nenqubo yokuqamba, uSasha, esengumfundi wesikole, wabhala i-opera yakhe yokuqala ethi, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, eyalahleka phakathi neminyaka yempi, futhi ukuze ayihlele, wafunda ngokuzimela F. Umhlahlandlela ka-Gevart we-Instrumentation wawela ezandleni zakhe ngephutha.

Ngo-1941, amakilasi esikoleni ayeka. Isikhathi esithile Kholminov wasebenza Military Academy. Frunze engxenyeni yomculo, ngo-1943 wangena esikoleni somculo eMoscow Conservatory, futhi ngo-1944 wangena e-Conservatory ekilasini lokuqamba le-An. U-Alexandrov, bese u-E. Golubeva. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko bomqambi kwaqhubeka ngokushesha. Izingoma zakhe zenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe yi-choir yabafundi kanye ne-orchestra, futhi i-piano preludes kanye ne- "Cossack Song", eyathola umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni we-Conservatory, yazwakala emsakazweni.

Kholminov iziqu Conservatory ngo-1950 nge symphonic inkondlo "The Young Guard", wangeniswa ngokushesha ku-Union of Abaqambi, futhi ngokushesha impumelelo enkulu nokuqashelwa kweza kuye. Ngo-1955, wabhala "Ingoma KaLenin" (esigabeni sikaYu. Kamenetsky), uD. Kabalevsky athi: "Ngombono wami, uKholminov waphumelela emsebenzini wokuqala ophelele wobuciko onikezelwe emfanekisweni womholi." Impumelelo inqume isiqondiso esilandelayo sokusungula - ngamunye ngamunye umqambi udala izingoma. Kodwa iphupho le-opera lalihlala emphefumulweni wakhe, futhi, enqabe izipesheli eziningi ezilingayo ezivela ku-Mosfilm, umqambi wasebenza iminyaka engu-5 ku-opera ye-Optimistic Tragedy (esekelwe emdlalweni we-Vs. Vishnevsky), wayiqeda ngo-1964. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-opera yaba uhlobo oluhamba phambili emsebenzini kaKholminov. Kuze kube ngu-1987, kwadalwa abangu-11, futhi kubo bonke umqambi waphendukela ezihlokweni zezwe, ezithatha emisebenzini yabalobi baseRussia naseSoviet. “Ngizithanda kakhulu izincwadi zesiRashiya ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo, ukuphakama kwazo, ubuciko bazo obuphelele, umcabango, nokujula kwazo. Ngafunda amagama kaGogol alingana nesisindo sawo ngegolide,” kusho umqambi.

Ku-opera, ukuxhumana namasiko esikole sasendulo saseRussia kulandelwa ngokucacile. Abantu baseRussia ngesikhathi soshintsho emlandweni wezwe ("Inhlekelele yethemba, Chapaev"), inkinga yokuqwashisa okudabukisayo kwempilo yaseRussia (B. Asafiev) ngokusebenzisa isiphetho sobuntu bomuntu kusuka kumuntu ngamunye, umbono wengqondo ("The Brothers Karamazov” by F. Dostoevsky; “The Overcoat” by N Gogol, “Vanka, Wedding” by A. Chekhov, “Twelfth Series” by V. Shukshin) – lokho kugxile emsebenzini kaKholminov wokusebenza. Futhi ngo-1987 wabhala i-opera ethi "Steelworkers" (esekelwe emdlalweni wegama elifanayo nguG. Bokarev). “Kwaphakama intshisekelo yobungcweti yokuzama ukuhlanganisa itimu yesimanje yokukhiqiza emdlalweni weshashalazi womculo.”

Izithelo ezinhle kakhulu emsebenzini womqambi kwaba ukusebenzisana isikhathi eside neMoscow Chamber Musical Theatre kanye nomqondisi wayo wezobuciko uB. Pokrovsky, owaqala ngo-1975 ngokukhiqizwa kwama-opera amabili asekelwe kuGogol - "I-Overcoat" kanye "Inqola". Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaKholminov kwathuthukiswa emsebenzini wabanye abaqambi baseSoviet futhi kwavusa isithakazelo enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. "Kimina, uKholminov usondelene kakhulu nami njengomqambi oqamba ama-opera e-chamber," kusho uPokrovsky. “Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubhala anga-oda, kodwa ngokuyala kwenhliziyo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, cishe, leyo misebenzi ayinikezayo eshashalazini yethu ihlale ingokoqobo. Umqondisi wasiqaphela ngokunembile isici esiyinhloko semvelo yokudala yomqambi, ikhasimende lakhe lihlala liwumphefumulo wakhe. “Kumele ngikholwe ukuthi lona umsebenzi okumele ngiwubhale manje. Ngizama ukuthi ngingaziphindaphindi, ngingaziphindi, njalo uma ngibheka amanye amaphethini omsindo. Nokho, lokhu ngikwenza ngokwesidingo sami sangaphakathi kuphela. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona isifiso esikhulu sesiteji somculo we-frescoes, khona-ke umqondo we-opera yekamelo, ovumela umuntu ukuba agxume ekujuleni komphefumulo womuntu, athatheke. Kuphela lapho esekhulile wabhala i-symphony yakhe yokuqala, lapho ezwa ukuthi kunesidingo esingenakuvinjelwa sokuziveza ngendlela enkulu ye-symphonic. Kamuva waphendukela ohlotsheni lwe-quartet (kwakukhona nesidingo!)

Ngempela, i-symphony kanye nomculo we-chamber-instrumental, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ngayinye, ivela emsebenzini kaKholminov ngawo-7080. Lawa ama-symphonies ama-3 (Owokuqala - 1973; Okwesibili, anikezelwe kuyise - 1975; Okwesithathu, ukuhlonipha iminyaka engama-600 ye "Battle of Kulikovo" - 1977), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Inkondlo Yemikhosi" ( 1980), Ikhonsathi-symphony yomtshingo nezintambo (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 string quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) nabanye. U-Kholminov unomculo wamafilimu, imisebenzi eminingi yephimbo ne-symphonic, “I-albhamu Yezingane” ekhangayo yopiyano.

Kholminov hhayi kuphela umsebenzi wakhe siqu. Unesithakazelo ezincwadini, ukudweba, izakhiwo, ukuheha ukuxhumana nabantu bemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Umqambi usesho njalo lokusungula, usebenza kanzima futhi kanzima ezingoma ezintsha - ekupheleni kuka-1988, Umculo Wezintambo kanye ne-Concerto grosso ye-chamber orchestra zaqedwa. Ukholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wokudala onamandla wansuku zonke kuphela onikeza ugqozi lwangempela, oletha injabulo yezinto ezitholwe ngobuciko.

O. Averyanova