Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli) |

Arturo Benedetti by Michelangelo

Akekho noyedwa kubaculi abadumile bekhulu lesi-XNUMX owayenezinganekwane eziningi kangaka, izindaba eziningi ezimangazayo ezixoxwayo. UMichelangeli uthole izihloko ezithi "Indoda Yemfihlakalo", "Tangle of Secrets", "Umculi Ongaqondakali Kunabo Bonke Wesikhathi Sethu".

U-A. Merkulov uyabhala: “UBendetti Michelangeli ungumdlali wopiyano ovelele ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX, ongomunye wabadlali abakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwezobuciko obudlalwayo. – Ubuhlakani obugqame kakhulu bomculi bunqunywa ukuhlangana okuyingqayizivele kwezici ezihlukahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ezibonakala zikhethekile: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungena okumangalisayo nomuzwa wezwi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwala kobuhlakani obungavamile kwemibono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yalezi zimfanelo eziyisisekelo, i-multi-component yangaphakathi, ilethwa ubuciko bomdlali wepiyano wase-Italy emazingeni amasha okubonakaliswa. Ngakho-ke, imingcele yendima yemizwa emdlalweni ka-Benedetti isukela ekuvulelekeni okushisayo, ukuthuthumela okuhlabayo kanye nokuxhamazela kuya ekuthuthukisweni okukhethekile, ukucwengwa, ubuciko, ubunkimbinkimbi. Ubuhlakani bubonakala futhi ekwakhiweni kwemiqondo ejulile yokusebenza kwefilosofi, nasekuhleleni kahle izincazelo ezinengqondo, kanye naseqenjini elithile, ukucabanga okubandayo kwenani lezincazelo zakhe, kanye nokunciphisa isici sokuthuthukisa ekudlaleni esiteji.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

U-Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli wazalwa ngoJanuwari 5, 1920 edolobheni laseBrescia, enyakatho ye-Italy. Wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo eneminyaka emine. Ekuqaleni wafunda i-violin, wabe eseqala ukufunda upiyano. Kodwa kusukela ebuntwaneni u-Arturo wayephethwe inyumoniya, eyaphenduka isifo sofuba, ivayolini kwadingeka ishiywe.

Impilo embi yomculi osemusha ayizange imvumele ukuthi athwale umthwalo ophindwe kabili.

Umeluleki wokuqala kaMichelangeli kwakunguPaul Kemeri. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nane, u-Arturo waphothula eMilan Conservatory ekilasini lomshayi wepiyano odumile uGiovanni Anfossi.

Kwakubonakala sengathi ikusasa likaMichelangeli linqunyiwe. Kodwa ngokuzumayo uya esigodlweni sezindela saseFrancisca, lapho esebenza khona njenge-ogani isikhathi esingangonyaka. UMichelangeli akazange abe yindela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imvelo yaba nomthelela ekubukeni komhlaba komculi.

Ngo-1938, uMichelangeli wabamba iqhaza kuMncintiswano Wepiyano Wamazwe Ngamazwe eBrussels, lapho athatha indawo yesikhombisa kuphela. Ilungu lamajaji emncintiswaneni u-SE Feinberg, cishe ebhekise ekukhululekeni kwe-salon-zothando kwabaqhudelana abahamba phambili base-Italy, wabhala ke ukuthi badlala “ngobuhlakani bangaphandle, kodwa banesimilo kakhulu”, nokuthi ukusebenza kwabo “kuhlukaniswa nokuntuleka okuphelele kwemibono incazelo yomsebenzi” .

Udumo lwafika kuMichelangeli ngemva kokuwina umncintiswano owawuseGeneva ngo-1939. “Kwazalwa uLiszt omusha,” kubhala abagxeki bomculo. U-A. Cortot namanye amalungu ejaji banikeze ukuhlola okujabulisayo komdlalo osemusha wase-Italy. Kwakubonakala sengathi manje akukho okwakuzovimbela uMichelangeli ekuthuthukiseni impumelelo, kodwa iMpi Yezwe II yaqala ngokushesha. - Ubamba iqhaza embuthweni wokumelana, efunda umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza, elwa namaNazi.

Ulinyazwe esandleni, uyaboshwa, avalelwe ejele, lapho ehlala khona cishe izinyanga ezingu-8, ebamba ithuba, eqa ejele - nokuthi ugijima kanjani! endizeni yesitha eyebiwe. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi likuphi iqiniso futhi ikuphi inganekwane mayelana nentsha yezempi kaMichelangeli. Naye wayemanqika kakhulu ukuthinta lesi sihloko ezingxoxweni zakhe nezintatheli. Kodwa noma ngabe kukhona okungenani ingxenye yeqiniso lapha, kusalokhu kumangalisa - kwakungekho lutho olufana nalokhu emhlabeni ngaphambi kukaMichelangeli noma emva kwakhe.

“Ekupheleni kwempi, ekugcineni uMichelangeli usebuyele emculweni. Umdlali wopiyano udlala ezigabeni ezihlonishwayo kakhulu eYurophu nase-USA. Kodwa wayengeke abe uMichelangeli uma enza konke njengabanye. “Angikaze ngidlalele abanye abantu,” uMichelangeli wake wathi, “Ngiyazidlalela Futhi kimina, ngokuvamile, akunandaba ukuthi kukhona abalaleli ehholo noma cha. Uma ngikwikhibhodi yepiyano, yonke into eseduze kwami ​​iyanyamalala.

Kukhona umculo kuphela akukho lutho ngaphandle komculo. "

Umdlali wopiyano wayengena esiteji kuphela lapho ezizwa esesimweni esihle futhi esesimweni. Umculi naye bekufanele aneliseke ngokuphelele nge-acoustic nezinye izimo ezihlobene nokusebenza okuzayo. Akumangazi ukuthi ngokuvamile zonke izici azizange ziqondane, futhi ikhonsathi yakhanselwa.

Akekho okungenzeka ukuthi waba nenani elikhulu kangaka lamakhonsathi amenyezelwe futhi akhanseliwe njengelikaMichelangeli. Abagxeki baze bathi umshayi wopiyano ukhansele amakhonsathi amaningi kunalawo abanikeze wona! UMichelangeli wake wenqaba ukudlala eCarnegie Hall uqobo! Wayengaluthandi upiyano, noma mhlawumbe ukushunwa kwalo.

Ngokungakhethi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukwenqaba okunjalo akunakubalelwa kumbono nje. Isibonelo singanikezwa lapho uMichelangeli engena engozini yemoto futhi waphuka ubambo, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa waya esiteji.

Ngemva kwalokho, wahlala unyaka esibhedlela! I-repertoire yomdlali wopiyano yayinenani elincane lemisebenzi yababhali abahlukene:

Scarlatti, Bach, Busoni, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninov, Debussy, Ravel nabanye.

UMichelangeli angafunda ucezu olusha iminyaka ngaphambi kokulufaka ezinhlelweni zakhe zekhonsathi. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho, wabuyela kulo msebenzi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ethola imibala emisha nama-nuances angokomzwelo kuwo. “Uma ngikhuluma ngomculo engiwudlalile mhlawumbe izikhathi eziyishumi noma ezingamakhulu, ngihlale ngiqala ekuqaleni,” kusho yena. Kufana nokuthi umculo omusha kimina.

Njalo uma ngiqala ngemibono engithatha njengamanje.

Isitayela somculi asiyifaki ngokuphelele indlela ye-subjectivist emsebenzini:

“Umsebenzi wami wukuveza inhloso yombhali, intando yombhali, ukuqhakambisa umoya nencwadi yomculo engiwuculayo,” usho kanje. — Ngizama ukufunda umbhalo womculo ngendlela efanele. Konke kukhona, konke kumakiwe. UMichelangeli walwela into eyodwa - ukuphelela.

Yingakho wavakashela amadolobha aseYurophu isikhathi eside nge upiyano kanye Tuner yakhe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izindleko kuleli cala ngokuvamile idlula izimali ukusebenza kwakhe. mayelana nobuciko kanye nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu "wemikhiqizo" yomsindo, amanothi ka-Tsypin.

Umgxeki owaziwayo waseMoscow u-DA Rabinovich wabhala ngo-1964, ngemva kohambo lomdlali wopiyano e-USSR: “Indlela kaMichelangeli ingeyemangalisa kunazo zonke ezake zaba khona. Kuthathwe emikhawulweni yalokho okungenzeka, kuhle. Kubangela injabulo, umuzwa wokuncoma ngobuhle obuvumelanayo "bopiyano obuphelele".

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-athikili kaGG Neuhaus "I-Pianist Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli" yavela, eyathi: "Ngokokuqala ngqa, umculi wepiyano owaziwayo emhlabeni u-Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli wafika e-USSR. Amakhonsathi akhe okuqala e-Great Hall of the Conservatory ngokushesha afakazela ukuthi udumo olukhulu lwalo mdlali wopiyano lwalumfanele, ukuthi isithakazelo esikhulu nokulindela okungenasineke okukhonjiswe izethameli ezigcwalise ihholo lekhonsathi kwakufanele - futhi zithole ukwaneliseka okuphelele. U-Benedetti-Michelangeli uvele waba umdlali wopiyano wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, eliphakeme kakhulu, eduze kwakhe okungabekwa amayunithi ambalwa kuphela. Kunzima ekubuyekezeni okufushane ukubhala konke lokho athatha ngakho umlaleli ngaye, ngifuna ukukhuluma okuningi futhi ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa noma kunjalo, okungenani kafushane, ngizovunyelwa ukuphawula into esemqoka. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusho ukuphelela okungakaze kuzwakale kokusebenza kwakhe, ukuphelela okungavumeli noma yiziphi izingozi, ukuguquguquka komzuzu, akukho ukuphambuka ekusebenzeni okuhle, okuye kwaqashelwa nguye, okusungulwe futhi kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokuzincisha. Ukuphelela, ukuvumelana kukho konke - emcabangweni ojwayelekile womsebenzi, kumasu, ngomsindo, ngemininingwane emincane, kanye nangokujwayelekile.

Umculo wakhe ufana nesithombe semabula, esiphelele ngokumangalisayo, esiklanyelwe ukuma amakhulu eminyaka ngaphandle koshintsho, njengokungathi awukho ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhathi, ukuphikisana nokuguquguquka kwayo. Uma ngingasho njalo, ukugcwaliseka kwakho kuwuhlobo “lokumisa” kokuphezulu kakhulu futhi okunzima ukukusebenzisa okufanelekile, into eyivelakancane kakhulu, cishe engafinyeleleki, uma sisebenza kumqondo “wokuhle” umbandela u-PI Tchaikovsky asebenzise kuwo. yena, owayekholelwa ukuthi kukho konke cishe ayikho imisebenzi ephelele emculweni womhlaba, lokho kuphelela kutholakala kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, ngokulingana nokuqala, naphezu kobuningi bezingoma ezinhle, ezinhle kakhulu, ezinekhono, ezihlakaniphile. Njenganoma yimuphi umdlali wopiyano omkhulu kakhulu, u-Benedetti-Michelangeli unephalethi yomsindo ocebile ngendlela engenakucatshangwa: isisekelo somculo - umsindo wesikhathi - siyathuthukiswa futhi sisetshenziswe kuze kube sekugcineni. Nangu umdlali wopiyano owazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ukuzalwa kokuqala komsindo kanye nazo zonke izinguquko zawo kanye nezigaba kuze kufike e-fortissimo, ehlala njalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomusa nobuhle. I-plasticity yomdlalo wakhe iyamangalisa, i-plasticity ye-bas-relief ejulile, enikeza umdlalo othakazelisayo we-chiaroscuro. Akukhona kuphela ukusebenza kukaDebussy, umdwebi omkhulu kunabo bonke emculweni, kodwa futhi kaScarlatti noBeethoven kwakugcwele ubuqili kanye nezintelezi zendwangu yomsindo, ukuhlukaniswa nokucaca kwayo, okuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuzwa ekupheleleni okunjalo.

U-Benedetti-Michelangeli akagcini nje ngokulalela futhi azizwe kahle, kodwa unombono wokuthi ucabanga umculo ngenkathi edlala, ukhona esenzweni sokucabanga komculo, ngakho-ke, kubonakala kimi, umculo wakhe unomphumela ongenakuvinjelwa umlaleli. Uvele akwenze ucabange kanye naye. Yilokhu okwenza ulalele futhi uzwe umculo kumakhonsathi akhe.

Futhi enye impahla, isici ngokwedlulele somdlali wopiyano wesimanje, ingokwemvelo kuye kakhulu: akazidlali yena, udlala umbhali, nokuthi udlala kanjani! Sizwile u-Scarlatti, u-Bach (Chaconne), u-Beethoven (kokubili ekuqaleni - i-Sonata yesiThathu, futhi sekwephuzile - i-Sonata yama-32), no-Chopin, no-Debussy, futhi umbhali ngamunye uvele phambi kwethu ngemvelaphi yakhe eyingqayizivele. Kuphela umculi oye waqonda imithetho yomculo nezobuciko wajula ngengqondo nenhliziyo yakhe ongadlala kanjalo. Akudingekile ukusho ukuthi, lokhu kudinga (ngaphandle kwengqondo nenhliziyo) izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithuthuke kakhulu (ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-motor-muscular, i-symbiosis efanelekile yomdlali wopiyano ngensimbi yomculo). E-Benedetti-Michelangeli, ithuthukiswe ngendlela yokuthi, ukumlalela, umuntu akathandi nje kuphela ithalenta lakhe elikhulu, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi omkhulu odingekayo ukuze alethe izinhloso zakhe namakhono akhe ekupheleleni okunjalo.

Kanye nokwenza imisebenzi, u-Michelangeli naye wahlanganyela ngempumelelo e-pedagogy. Waqala eminyakeni yangaphambi kwempi, kodwa waqala ukufundisa ngokujulile engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1940. UMichelangeli wafundisa amakilasi opiyano ezindaweni zokugcinwa kwezincwadi zaseBologna naseVenice nakwamanye amadolobha ase-Italy. Umculi uphinde wasungula isikole sakhe eBolzano.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo wahlela izifundo zamazwe ngamazwe zabadlali bopiyano abasebasha e-Arezzo, eduze naseFlorence. Amathuba wezezimali omfundi onentshisekelo ku-Michelangeli cishe okungenani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usekulungele ngisho nokusiza abantu abanamakhono. Into esemqoka ukuthakazelisa nomfundi. "Kulo mgudu, ngokuphepha noma ngaphansi, ngaphandle, kunoma yikuphi, impilo kaMichelangeli yageleza kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha," kubhala uTsypin. umjaho wezimoto, empeleni, cishe umshayeli wemoto yomjaho oqeqeshiwe, wathola imiklomelo emiqhudelwaneni. U-Michelangeli wayephila ngokuzithoba, ngokuzithoba, cishe njalo wayehamba ngejezi lakhe elimnyama alithandayo, indawo yakhe yokuhlala yayingahlukanga kakhulu ekuhlobiseni kusukela esitokisini sezindela. Wayedlala upiyano kaningi ebusuku, lapho ekwazi ukunqamula ngokuphelele yonke into engaphandle, endaweni yangaphandle.

"Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalahlekelwa ukuxhumana nawe," wake wathi. “Ngaphambi kokuphumela obala, umculi kumele azitholele indlela eya kuyena.” Bathi izinga lomsebenzi likaMichelangeli laliphezulu kakhulu: amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku. Nokho, lapho bekhuluma naye ngalesi sihloko, waphendula ngokucasuka ngokuthi usebenze wonke amahora angu-24, ingxenye kuphela yalo msebenzi yenziwa ngemuva kwekhibhodi yopiyano, nengxenye ngaphandle kwayo.

Ngo-1967-1968, inkampani yokuqopha, lapho uMichelangeli ehlotshaniswa nezibopho ezithile zezezimali, ngokungazelelwe yashabalala. Isikhonzi senkantolo sishaqe impahla yalo mculi. "UMichelangeli usengozini yokushiywa engenalo uphahla phezu kwekhanda lakhe," kubhala abezindaba base-Italy kulezi zinsuku. “Amapiyano, aqhubeka kuwo nokuphishekela ukuphelela, awaseyena owakhe. Ukuboshwa kudlulela nasemalini ayithola ngamakhonsathi akhe akusasa.”

UMichelangeli kabuhlungu, ngaphandle kokulinda usizo, usuka e-Italy futhi ayohlala eSwitzerland eLugano. Wahlala lapho kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-June 12, 1995. Amakhonsathi muva nje uye wanikela kancane kancane. Edlala emazweni ahlukene ase-Europe, akaphindanga wadlala e-Italy.

Umfanekiso obabazekayo noqinile ka-Benedetti Michelangeli, ngokungangabazeki umshayi wopiyano ongumNtaliyane omkhulu kunabo bonke phakathi nekhulu lethu leminyaka, uphakama njengesiqongo esinesizungu ochungechungeni lwezintaba lwemidondoshiya yomculo wopiyano womhlaba. Ukuvela kwakhe konke esiteji kuveza ukugxilisa ingqondo okudabukisayo nokuhlukana nezwe. Akukho ukuma, akukho midlalo yaseshashalazini, akukho ukubukela izethameli futhi akukho ukumamatheka, akukho ukubonga ngokushaya ihlombe ngemva kwekhonsathi. Kubonakala sengathi akakuboni ukushayelwa ihlombe: umsebenzi wakhe ufeziwe. Umculo owawusanda kumxhumanisa nabantu wanqamuka, kwanqamuka ukuxhumana. Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi izethameli ziyamphazamisa, ziyamcasula.

Akekho, mhlawumbe, owenza okuncane kakhulu ukuze athulule futhi "azethule" emculweni owenziwe, njengoBenedetti Michelangeli. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - ngokuxakayo - bambalwa abantu abashiya umshicileli ongenakucimeka wobuntu kuwo wonke ucezu abawenzayo, kuwo wonke amagama nakuwo wonke umsindo, njengoba enza. Ukudlala kwakhe kuhlaba umxhwele ngokungabi nasici, ukuqina, ukucabangela okuphelele nokuqeda; kubonakala sengathi isici sokuthuthukiswa, ukumangala kuyinto engavamile kuye - konke sekusetshenziswe iminyaka, konke kuthengiswa ngokunengqondo, konke kungaba ngale ndlela kuphela futhi akukho okunye.

Kodwa-ke, kungani lo mdlalo ubamba umlaleli, umbandakanye endleleni yawo, njengokungathi phambi kwakhe esiteji umsebenzi uzalwa kabusha, ngaphezu kwalokho, okokuqala ngqa?!

Ithunzi lenhlekelele, uhlobo oluthile lwesiphetho esingenakugwenywa lihamba phezu kobuhlakani bukaMichelangeli, lisibekela yonke into ethinta iminwe yakhe. Kuyafaneleka ukuqhathanisa i-Chopin yakhe ne-Chopin efanayo eyenziwa ngabanye - abadlali bopiyano abakhulu kakhulu; kuyafaneleka ukulalela ukuthi idrama ejulile yekhonsathi kaGrieg ibonakala kanjani kuye - yona kanye ekhanya ngobuhle nezinkondlo zomculo kwabanye ozakwabo, ukuze uzizwe, cishe ukubona ngamehlo akho lesi sithunzi, ngokuphawulekayo, ngokushintsha okungenakwenzeka. umculo ngokwawo. Futhi eyokuQala ka-Tchaikovsky, eyesine ka-Rachmaninoff - yehluke kangakanani kulokhu kukho konke owake wakuzwa ngaphambili?! Ingabe kuyamangaza ngemva kwalokhu ukuthi uchwepheshe onolwazi kwezobuciko bepiyano u-DA Rabinovich, okungenzeka ukuthi wezwa bonke abadlali bopiyano bekhulu leminyaka, ezwe uBenedetti Michelangeli esiteji, wavuma; "Angikaze ngihlangane nomshayi wopiyano onjalo, umbhalo onjena, ubuntu obunjalo - kokubili okungavamile, nokujulile, futhi okukhangayo ngendlela engenakuvinjelwa - angikaze ngihlangane empilweni yami" ...

Ukufunda kabusha inqwaba yezindatshana nezibuyekezo mayelana nomdwebi wase-Italy, obhalwe eMoscow naseParis, eLondon nasePrague, eNew York naseVienna, ngokumangazayo ngokuvamile, uzohlangana negama elilodwa - igama elilodwa lomlingo, njengokungathi lihloselwe ukunquma indawo yakhe izwe lobuciko besimanje bokuhumusha. , ukuphelela. Eqinisweni, izwi elinembe kakhulu. U-Michelangeli uyingcweti yeqiniso yokupheleliswa, elwela ukuhambisana nobuhle impilo yakhe yonke futhi njalo ngomzuzu epiyano, efinyelela ukuphakama futhi enganeliseki njalo ngalokho akuzuzile. Ukuphelela kusebuhleni, ekucaceni kwenhloso, ebuhleni bomsindo, ekuvumelaneni kwakho konke.

Eqhathanisa umdlali wopiyano nomculi omkhulu weNkathi Yenguquko uRaphael, uD. Rabinovich uyabhala: “Kuyisimiso sikaRaphael esithululelwa ebucikweni bakhe futhi sinquma izici zaso ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lo mdlalo, obonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokuphelela - okungenakuqhathaniswa, okungaqondakali. Izenza yaziwe yonke indawo. Indlela kaMichelangeli ingenye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu ezake zaba khona. Kulethwe emikhawulweni engenzeka, akuhloselwe "ukunyakazisa", "ukuchoboza". Muhle. Kuvusa injabulo, umuzwa wokuthakasela ubuhle obuvumelanayo bomculo wopiyano obuphelele… U-Michelangeli akazazi izithiyo noma ngobuchule obunjalo noma emkhakheni wombala. Konke kungaphansi kwakhe, angenza noma yini ayifunayo, futhi le mishini engenamingcele, lokhu kupheleliswa kwefomu kungaphansi ngokuphelele emsebenzini owodwa kuphela - ukufeza ukuphelela kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kwakamuva, naphezu kokubonakala kulula kwakudala kanye nomnotho wendlela yokukhuluma, ukucabanga okunengqondo nombono otolikayo, akubonwa kalula. Lapho ngilalela uMichelangeli, ekuqaleni kwakubonakala kimi ukuthi wayedlala kangcono ngezikhathi ezithile. Khona-ke ngabona ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile wayengidonsela ngamandla ngokwengeziwe emzileni womhlaba wakhe omkhulu, ojulile, oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu wokudala. Ukusebenza kukaMichelangeli kuyadingeka. Ulindele ukulalelwa ngokucophelela, ngokucindezela. Yebo, la mazwi achaza okuningi, kodwa okungalindelekile nakakhulu amazwi omdwebi ngokwawo: “Ukuphelela kuyigama engingazange ngiliqonde. Ukuphelela kusho ukulinganiselwa, umbuthano ononya. Enye into ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa into esemqoka ukuhlonipha umbhali. Lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele akopishe amanothi futhi awakhiqize kabusha lawa makhophi ngokusebenza kwakhe, kodwa kufanele azame ukuhumusha izinhloso zombhali, futhi angafaki umculo wakhe enkonzweni yemigomo yomuntu siqu.

Ngakho-ke ithini incazelo yalokhu kuguquguquka umculi akhuluma ngakho? Ekulinganiseni njalo emoyeni kanye nencwadi yalokho okwadalwa umqambi? Enqubweni eqhubekayo, "yempilo yonke" yokuzinqoba, ukuhlukunyezwa kwakho okuzwiwa kakhulu ngumlaleli? Mhlawumbe nakulokhu. Kodwa futhi kulokho kuqagela kokuhlakanipha komuntu okungenakugwenywa, umoya onamandla womuntu emculweni odlalwayo, ngezinye izikhathi okwaziyo ukuwuphakamisa ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, ngezinye izikhathi iwunikeze ukubaluleka okukhulu kunalokho okwakuqukethwe kuwo ekuqaleni. Kwake kwaba njalo ngo-Rachmaninoff, ukuphela komshayi wepiyano u-Michelangeli akhothama kuye, futhi lokhu kwenzeka kuye ngokwakhe, yithi, ngo-B. Galuppi's Sonata ku-C Major noma ama-sonata amaningi ka-D. Scarlatti.

Ungavamisile ukuzwa umbono wokuthi uMichelangeli, njengokungathi, wenza samuntu uhlobo oluthile lomdlali wopiyano wekhulu lesi-XNUMX - inkathi yomshini ekuthuthukisweni kwesintu, umdlali wopiyano ongenandawo yogqozi, yomfutho wokudala. Leli phuzu lokubuka selithole abasekeli ezweni lakithi futhi. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ukuvakasha komdwebi, uGM Kogan wabhala: “Indlela kaMichelangeli yokudala iyinyama yenyama 'yenkathi yokurekhoda'; ukudlala komdlali wopiyano wase-Italy kuvumelana ngokuphelele nezidingo zakhe. Ngakho-ke isifiso "samaphesenti ayikhulu" ukunemba, ukuphelela, ukungaphumeleli ngokuphelele, okubonisa lo mdlalo, kodwa futhi ukuxoshwa okunqumayo kwezinto ezincane zobungozi, ukuphumelela "okungaziwa", lokho uG. Neuhaus akubiza ngokufanelekile ngokuthi "ukulinganisa" wokusebenza. Ngokuphambene nabadlali bopiyano bothando, ngaphansi kweminwe yabo umsebenzi ngokwawo ubonakala udalwe ngokushesha, wazalwa kabusha, uMichelangeli akadali ngisho nokudlala esiteji: yonke into lapha idalwe kusengaphambili, ilinganiswe futhi ikalwa, iphonswe unomphela ibe yinto engapheli. ifomu elihle kakhulu. Kusukela kuleli fomu eliqediwe, umculi ekhonsathini, ngokugxila nokunakekelwa, asonge ngokugoqa, asuse iveli, futhi isithombe esimangalisayo sivela phambi kwethu ekupheleleni kwayo kwemabula.

Ngokungangabazeki, i-element of spontaneity, i-spontaneity emdlalweni we-Michelangeli ayikho. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphelela kwangaphakathi kufinyelelwa kanye kanye, ekhaya, phakathi nomsebenzi othulile wehhovisi, futhi konke okunikezwa umphakathi kuwuhlobo lwekhophi oluvela kumodeli owodwa? Kodwa amakhophi angakwenza kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mahle futhi aphelele kangakanani, aphinde avuse ukwesaba kwangaphakathi kubalaleli - futhi lokhu bekulokhu kwenzeka amashumi eminyaka amaningi?! Iciko elizikopela unyaka nonyaka lihlale kanjani phezulu?! Futhi, ekugcineni, kungani-ke "umshayi wepiyano oqophayo" ojwayelekile engavamile futhi engabaza, ngobunzima obunjalo, amarekhodi, kungani nanamuhla amarekhodi akhe enganakwa uma kuqhathaniswa namarekhodi abanye, "abavamile" abancane?

Akulula ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo, ukuxazulula imfumbe kaMichelangeli kuze kube sekupheleni. Wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi phambi kwethu sinomculi wepiyano omkhulu kunabo bonke. Kodwa enye into icacile: ingqikithi yobuciko bakhe iwukuthi, ngaphandle kokushiya abalaleli bengenandaba, iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa abalandeli nabaphikisi, kulabo umphefumulo nethalente lomdwebi eliseduze nabo, nalabo abasondelene nabo. ungowezizwe. Kunoma yikuphi, lobu buciko abukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi i-elitist. Icwengisisiwe - yebo, kodwa i-elite - cha! Umdwebi akahlosile ukukhuluma nezicukuthwane kuphela, “ukhuluma” kube sengathi ukhuluma yedwa, kanti umlaleli – umlaleli ukhululekile ukuba avumelane futhi atuse noma aphikisane - kodwa aqhubeke emthanda. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungalaleli izwi likaMichelangeli - lawo amandla amangalisayo, angaqondakali ethalente lakhe.

Mhlawumbe impendulo yemibuzo eminingi ngokwengxenye itholakala emazwini akhe: “Umdlali wopiyano akufanele akhulume. Into eyinhloko, into ebaluleke kakhulu, ukuzwa umoya womqambi. Ngizamile ukuthuthukisa nokufundisa le mfanelo kubafundi bami. Inkinga ngesizukulwane samanje sabaculi abasebancane ukuthi bagxile ngokuphelele ekuvezeni imizwa yabo. Futhi lolu wugibe: uma usuwele kulo, uzithola usufile lapho ingekho indlela yokuphuma. Into esemqoka kumculi oculayo ukuhlanganisa nemicabango nemizwa yomuntu owadala umculo. Ukufunda umculo kuyisiqalo nje. Ubuntu bangempela bomdlali wopiyano buqala ukuziveza kuphela lapho efika ekukhulumisaneni okujulile kobuhlakani nemizwelo nomqambi. Singakhuluma ngobuciko bomculo kuphela uma umqambi ephumelele ngokuphelele ekushayeni upiyano ... Angidlali abanye - ngizenzela mina kuphela nangenxa yokusebenzela umqambi. Akwenzi mehluko kimina ukuthi ngidlalele umphakathi noma cha. Uma ngihlala phansi kukhibhodi, yonke into eseduze kwami ​​iyayeka ukuba khona. Ngiyacabanga ngengikudlalayo, ngomsindo engiwenzayo, ngoba uwumkhiqizo wengqondo.”

Imfihlakalo, imfihlakalo imboza hhayi kuphela ubuciko bukaMichelangeli; izinganekwane eziningi zothando zixhumene ne-biography yakhe. “Mina ngingumSlav ngemvelaphi, okungenani ingxenyana yegazi lesiSlavic igeleza emithanjeni yami, futhi ngibheka i-Austria njengezwe lami. Ungangibiza ngokuthi ngingumSlav ngokuzalwa futhi ngingowase-Austrian ngesiko,” umculi wopiyano owaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengomphathi omkhulu wase-Italy, owazalelwa eBrescia futhi wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe e-Italy, wake watshela umlobeli.

Indlela yakhe yayingagcwele ama roses. Ngemva kokufunda umculo eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, waphupha ngokuba ngumdlali weviolini kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka engu-10, kodwa ngemva kwenyumoniya wagula ngesifo sofuba futhi waphoqeleka ukuba "aphinde aqeqeshe" upiyano, ngoba ukunyakaza okuningi okuhlobene nokudlala i-violin kwakuwukudlala. contraindicated kuye. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyi-violin kanye nesitho ("Ukukhuluma ngomsindo wami," uyaphawula, "akufanele sikhulume ngepiyano, kodwa mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwesitho ne-violin"), ngokusho kwakhe, kwamsiza ukuba athole indlela yakhe. Kakade, lapho ngineminyaka engu-14, le nsizwa iziqu e-Milan Conservatory, lapho yafunda noProfesa Giovanni Anfossi (futhi endleleni wafundela ubudokotela isikhathi eside).

Ngo-1938 wathola umklomelo wesikhombisa emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe owawuseBrussels. Manje lokhu kuvame ukubhalwa ngokuthi "ukwehluleka okungavamile", "iphutha elibulalayo lejaji", ekhohlwa ukuthi umdlali wepiyano wase-Italy wayeneminyaka engu-17 kuphela, ukuthi waqala wazama isandla sakhe emncintiswaneni onzima kangaka, lapho izimbangi zazingavamile. eziqinile: eziningi zazo nazo zaba ngokushesha izinkanyezi zobukhulu bokuqala. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili, Michelangeli kalula waba owawina umncintiswano Geneva futhi wathola ithuba lokuqala umsebenzi brilliant, uma impi ayizange iphazamise. Umdwebi akakhumbuli kalula leyo minyaka, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi wayengumhlanganyeli okhuthele wenhlangano ye-Resistance, weqa ejele laseJalimane, waba yilungu leqembu, futhi wakwazi umsebenzi womshayeli wezempi.

Lapho isibhamu sifa, uMichelangeli wayeneminyaka engu-25 ubudala; Umdlali wepiyano walahlekelwa yizi-5 zazo phakathi neminyaka yempi, ezinye ezi-3 - endaweni yokwelashwa lapho abelashelwa khona isifo sofuba. Kodwa manje kwavuleka amathemba aqhakazile phambi kwakhe. Nokho, uMichelangeli ukude nohlobo lomdlali wekhonsathi wesimanje; njalo engabaza, engazithembi. “Akungeni” neze “kumhambisi” wekhonsathi wezinsuku zethu. Uchitha iminyaka efunda izingcezu ezintsha, ekhansela amakhonsathi njalo ngemva kwalokho (abaphikisi bakhe bathi ukhansele okungaphezu kwalokho akudlalile). Ngokunaka okukhethekile ikhwalithi yomsindo, umculi wakhetha ukuhamba nopiyano lwakhe kanye neshuna yakhe isikhathi eside, okwabangela ukucasuka kwabaphathi kanye namazwi ahlekisayo emaphephandabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, uchitha ubudlelwano nosomabhizinisi, nezinkampani zokuqopha, nabamaphephandaba. Kubhebhetheka amahlebezi ahlekisayo ngaye, nedumela lokuba ngumuntu onzima, ongasho lutho futhi ongalawuleki unikezwa yena.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lo muntu akaboni omunye umgomo phambi kwakhe, ngaphandle kwenkonzo yokuzidela kwezobuciko. Ukuhamba ngopiyano kanye neshuna kumbize imali eningi; kodwa unikeza amakhonsathi amaningi kuphela ukuze asize abadlali bopiyano abasebasha bathole imfundo egcwele. Uhola amakilasi opiyano kuma-conservatories aseBologna naseVenice, ubamba izingqungquthela zaminyaka yonke e-Arezzo, uhlela isikole sakhe eBergamo naseBolzano, lapho engatholi nje kuphela imali yezifundo zakhe, kodwa futhi ukhokhela abafundi imifundaze; uhlela futhi iminyaka eminingana ubamba imikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe yobuciko bepiyano, phakathi kwabahlanganyeli okwakukhona abadlali abakhulu kakhulu abavela emazweni ahlukene, kuhlanganise nomdlali wepiyano waseSoviet u-Yakov Flier.

U-Michelangeli ngokunqikaza, "ngamandla" aqoshiwe, nakuba amafemu amphishekela ngezipesheli ezinenzuzo kakhulu. Engxenyeni yesibili ye-60s, iqembu losomabhizinisi lamdonsela enhlanganweni yebhizinisi lakhe, i-BDM-Polyfon, okwakufanele ikhulule amarekhodi akhe. Kodwa ezentengiselwano azikho ekaMichelangeli, futhi ngokushesha inkampani iphelelwa yimali, kanye nalo mculi. Yingakho eminyakeni yamuva engazange adlale e-Italy, ehlulekile ukwazisa "indodana yakhe enzima". Akadlali nase-USA, lapho kubusa umoya wezohwebo, ongaziwa kakhulu kuye. Lo mculi naye wayeka ukufundisa. Uhlala efulethini elinesizotha edolobheni laseSwitzerland laseLugano, ephula lokhu kudingiswa ngokuzithandela ngokuvakasha - ngokuya okungavamile, njengoba abambalwa be-impresario abalokotha baphothula izivumelwano naye, futhi ukugula akumshiyi. Kodwa amakhonsathi akhe (izikhathi eziningi ePrague noma eVienna) aphenduka umcimbi ongenakulibaleka kubalaleli, futhi ukuqoshwa okusha ngakunye kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okudala omculi awanciphi: lalela nje imiqulu emibili ye-Debussy's Preludes, eyathathwa ngo-1978-1979.

"Ekufuneni kwakhe isikhathi esilahlekile," uMichelangeli eminyakeni edlule kwadingeka ukuthi aguqule imibono yakhe nge-repertoire. Umphakathi, ngamazwi akhe, “wamphuca ithuba lokucinga”; uma eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala ayethanda ukudlala umculo wesimanje ngokuzithandela, manje usegxile kakhulu emculweni wekhulu lesi-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwele-XNUMX. Kodwa i-repertoire yakhe ihluke kakhulu kunalokho kubonakala kwabaningi: uHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, Rachmaninov, Brahms, Liszt, Ravel, Debussy bamelwe ezinhlelweni zakhe ngamakhonsathi, i-sonatas, imijikelezo, ama-miniatures.

Zonke lezi zimo, ezibonwa kabuhlungu yi-psyche esengozini kalula yomculi, zinikeza ngokwengxenye isihluthulelo esengeziwe sobuciko bakhe obuthuthumelayo nobucwengisisiwe, ukusiza ukuqonda ukuthi leso sithunzi esibuhlungu siwela kuphi, okunzima ukungazizwa emdlalweni wakhe. Kodwa ubuntu bukaMichelangeli abuhlali buhambisana nohlaka lwesithombe "somuntu oziqhenyayo futhi odabukisayo", ogxilile ezingqondweni zabanye.

Cha, uyakwazi ukuba lula, ujabule futhi ube nobungane, abaningi ozakwabo abangakhuluma ngakho, uyazi ukuthi angakujabulela kanjani ukuhlangana nomphakathi futhi akhumbule le njabulo. Umhlangano nezilaleli zaseSoviet ngo-1964 wahlala inkumbulo ekhanyayo kuye. “Lapho, empumalanga yeYurophu,” esho kamuva, “ukudla okungokomoya kusasho okungaphezu kokudla okungokwenyama: kujabulisa ngendlela emangalisayo ukudlala lapho, izilaleli zifuna ukuzinikela okuphelele kuwe.” Yilokhu kanye okudingwa yiciko, njengomoya.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990