U-Alexey Arkadyevich Nasedkin (Aleksey Nasedkin) |

U-Alexey Nasedkin

Impumelelo yafika ku-Alexei Arkadyevich Nasedkin kusenesikhathi futhi, kubonakala sengathi, yayingase iphendule ikhanda lakhe ... abanye abaculi abadumile. Ngo-1958, eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, uNasedkin wahlonishwa ukukhuluma embukisweni womhlaba eBrussels. Uthi: “Kwakuyikhonsathi eyayiyingxenye yezinsuku zesiko lamaSoviet. – Ngadlala, ngiyakhumbula, Ikhonsathi Yesithathu Yepiyano kaBalanchivadze; Ngangihamba noNikolai Pavlovich Anosov. Kungaleso sikhathi, eBrussels, lapho ngenza khona i-debut yami esiteji esikhulu. Bathi kuhle. ”…

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Ngemva konyaka, le nsizwa yaya eVienna, ku-World Youth Festival, yabuya nendondo yegolide. Ngokuvamile “wayenenhlanhla” yokubamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni. “Ngaba nenhlanhla, ngoba ngizilungiselele kanzima ngamunye wabo, ngasebenza isikhathi eside futhi ngobuqotho ensimbini, lokhu kungenze ngaya phambili. Ngomqondo wokudala, ngicabanga ukuthi imincintiswano ayizange inginike okuningi ... "Ngandlela-thile, ngiba umfundi eMoscow Conservatory (wafunda kuqala noGG Neuhaus, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe noLN Naumov), uNasedkin wazama isandla, futhi ngempumelelo kakhulu, emiqhudelwaneni eminingana ngaphezulu. Ngo-1962 waba umnqobi we-Tchaikovsky Competition. Ngo-1966 wangenela abathathu abaphezulu emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe eLeeds (Great Britain). Unyaka ka-1967 waba “okhiqizayo” ngokukhethekile ekutholeni imiklomelo. “Inyanga eyodwa nesigamu ngibambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Owokuqala kwaba uMqhudelwano weSchubert eVienna. Ukumlandela endaweni efanayo, enhlokodolobha yase-Austria, kuwumncintiswano wokudlala kahle komculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ekugcineni, umqhudelwano we-chamber eMunich, lapho ngadlala khona nomdlali we-cell Natalia Gutman.” Futhi yonke indawo uNasedkin wathatha indawo yokuqala. Udumo aluzange lumenze kabi, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka. Imiklomelo nezindondo, ezanda ngenani, azizange zimphuphuthekise ngokukhazimula kwazo, azizange zimkhiphe enkambweni yakhe yokudala.

Uthisha kaNasedkin, uGG Neuhaus, wake waphawula isici esisodwa somfundi wakhe – ubuhlakani obuthuthuke kakhulu. Noma, njengoba akubeka, “amandla engqondo akhayo.” Kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa yilokhu kanye okwahlaba umxhwele u-Neuhaus wothando ophefumulelwe: ngo-1962, ngesikhathi lapho ikilasi lakhe limelela iqoqo lezinkanyezi lamathalenta, wakubheka njengokungenzeka ukubiza uNasedkin ngokuthi "ongcono kakhulu kubafundi bakhe" (Neigauz GG Reflections, izinkumbulo, idayari. S. 76.). Ngempela, kusukela ebusheni bakhe ekudlaleni komdlali wopiyano umuntu wayekwazi ukuzwa ukuvuthwa, ukungathí sina, ukucabangela okuphelele, okwanikeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile ekwenzeni kwakhe umculo. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi phakathi kwezimpumelelo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-Nasedkin umhumushi ngokuvamile yizingxenye ezihamba kancane ze-sonatas ka-Schubert - ku-C minor (op. Posthumous), ku-D enkulu (Op. 53) nabanye. Lapha ukuthambekela kwakhe ekuzindleni okujulile kokudala, emdlalweni we "concentrando", "pensieroso" kwembulwa ngokugcwele. Iciko lifinyelela ukuphakama okukhulu emisebenzini ye-Brahms - kuwo womabili amakhonsathi epiyano, ku-Rhapsody e-E flat major (Op. 119), ku-A minor noma E flat minor intermezzo (Op. 118). Wayevame ukuba nenhlanhla ku-sonatas kaBeethoven (yesihlanu, yesithupha, yeshumi nesikhombisa nezinye), ekuqanjweni kwezinye izinhlobo. Njengoba kwaziwa, abagxeki bomculo bathanda ukuqamba abadlali bopiyano ngamagama amaqhawe adumile ka-Schumann's Davidsbund - uFlorestan onamawala, u-Euzebius ophuphayo. Akuvamile ukuthi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinhlwini Davidsbündlers kwakukhona uhlamvu sici njengoba Master Raro - ezolile, enengqondo, wazi konke, ingqondo ehluzekile. Kwezinye izincazelo ze-Nasedkin, uphawu lwe-Master Raro kwesinye isikhathi lubonakala ngokucacile…

Njengasempilweni, kanjalo kwezobuciko, ukushiyeka kwabantu kwesinye isikhathi kukhula ngenxa yokufaneleka kwabo. Ngokujulile, efinyelelwe ngokuhlakanipha ngezikhathi zakhe ezinhle kakhulu, uNasedkin ngesinye isikhathi angase abonakale enengqondo ngokweqile: ngokuhlakanipha ngezinye izikhathi ikhula ibe ubuhlakani, umdlalo uqala ukuntula amawala, isimo sengqondo, ukuhlalisana esiteji, umdlandla wangaphakathi. Indlela elula, yebo, kungaba ukuthola konke lokhu ngemvelo yomdwebi, izimfanelo zakhe zomuntu siqu - yilokhu okwenziwa abanye abagxeki. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uNasedkin, njengoba besho, akanawo umphefumulo wakhe ovulekile. Nokho, kukhona enye into, nayo engenakunakwa uma kuziwa ekubonakalisweni okweqile kwesilinganiso kwezobuciko bakhe. Lokhu - makungabonakali kuyindida - injabulo ye-pop. Kungaba ubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi izingcweti zeRaro azijabulile kangako ngokudlalwa komculo kunamaFlorestans no-Eusebios. Ivezwa ngokuhlukile nje. Kwabanye, bethukile futhi baphakanyisiwe, ngokuhluleka kwegeyimu, ukungalungi kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusheshisa okungahleliwe kwejubane, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenkumbulo. Abanye, ezikhathini zokucindezeleka kwesiteji, bahoxise nakakhulu kubo - ngakho-ke, ngakho konke ukuhlakanipha kwabo kanye nethalenta, kwenzeka ukuthi abantu abavinjiwe, abangebona abantu abanobudlelwane kakhulu ngokwemvelo bavale ngokwabo emphakathini ogcwele futhi ongajwayelekile.

"Kungaba yinto ehlekisayo uma ngiqala ukukhononda ngesasasa le-pop," kusho uNasedkin. Futhi emva kwakho konke, yini ethakazelisayo: ecasulayo cishe wonke umuntu (ubani ozothi abakhathazekile?!), Kuphazamisa wonke umuntu ngandlela-thile ngendlela ekhethekile, ehlukile kunabanye. Ngoba kubonakala ngokuyinhloko kulokho okusengozini kakhulu kumculi, futhi lapha wonke umuntu uneyakhe. Isibonelo, kungaba nzima kimina ukuzikhulula ngokomzwelo emphakathini, ukuze ngiziphoqe ukuthi ngikhulume iqiniso ... ”KS Stanislavsky wake wathola isisho esifanelekile:“ ama-buffers kamoya ”. "Kwezinye izikhathi ezinzima ngokwengqondo kumlingisi," kusho umqondisi odumile, "baphonswa phambili, baphumule emgomweni wokudala futhi bangavumeli ukuthi kusondele" (Stanislavsky KS Impilo yami kwezobuciko. S. 149.). Lokhu, uma ucabanga ngakho, kuchaza kakhulu lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubusa kwesilinganiso eNasedkin.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona okunye okuheha ukunaka. Ngesinye isikhathi, phakathi nawo-XNUMX, umdlali wopiyano wadlala imisebenzi eminingi kaBach ngobusuku bakhe. Udlale kahle kakhulu: Uthathe izethameli, wamhola; Umculo ka-Bach ekusebenzeni kwakhe wenze umbono ojulile futhi onamandla. Mhlawumbe ngalobo busuku, abanye babalaleli bacabanga: kuthiwani uma kungeyona nje injabulo, izinzwa, umusa wenhlanhla yasesiteji? Mhlawumbe futhi eqinisweni lokuthi umdlali wopiyano wayehumusha wakhe umbhali? Ngaphambilini kwaphawulwa ukuthi uNasedkin muhle emculweni kaBeethoven, ekucabangeni komsindo kaSchubert, ku-epic kaBrahms. U-Bach, ngefilosofi yakhe, nemicabango ejulile yomculo, akasondelene kangako nomdwebi. Lapha kulula kuye ukuthola ithoni efanele esiteji: "zikhulule ngokomzwelo, zicasule ukuthi akhulume ..."

Ungwaqana nobuntu bobuciko bukaNasedkin futhi kuwumsebenzi kaSchumann; ungavezi ubunzima ekwenzeni umkhuba wemisebenzi kaTchaikovsky. Ngokwemvelo futhi kalula kumculi we-repertoire ye-Rachmaninov; udlala lo mbhali kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo - imibhalo yakhe yepiyano (Vocalise, "Lilacs", "Daisies"), izandulela, zombili izincwadi zokubhalela ze-etudes-imidwebo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela maphakathi nawo-XNUMX, uNasedkin waba nentshiseko eqhubekayo futhi eqhubekayo ye-Scriabin: ukudlala okungajwayelekile komdlali wopiyano ezinkathini zakamuva zonyaka kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi umculo kaScriabin udlalwe. Mayelana nalokhu, ukugxekwa kwakuthanda ukucaca nokuhlanzeka kwakhe okuthakazelisayo ekudluliseleni kuka-Nasedkin, ukukhanyiselwa kwakhe kwangaphakathi futhi - njengoba kuhlala kunjalo ngengcweti - ukuqondanisa okunengqondo kwakho konke.

Uma ubheka uhlu lwempumelelo ka-Nasedkin njengomhumushi, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukuqamba izinto ezifana ne-sonata encane ka-Liszt, i-Suite Bergamas ka-Debussy, i-Play of Water ka-Ravel, i-First Sonata ka-Glazunov, kanye ne-Mussorgsky's Pictures at the Exhibition. Ekugcineni, ukwazi indlela yomdlali wopiyano (akunzima ukukwenza lokhu), kungacatshangwa ukuthi uzongena emhlabeni ozwakalayo eduze kwakhe, azibophezele ukudlala ama-suites kanye nama-fugues we-Handel, umculo kaFrank, Reger ...

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile incazelo Nasedkin imisebenzi yesimanje. Lona umkhakha wakhe, akumane kwaqondana ukuthi wawina ngaleso sikhathi emqhudelwaneni “Umculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX”. Umkhakha wakhe - futhi ngenxa yokuthi uyingcweti enelukuluku lokudala eliphilayo, izithakazelo zobuciko ezifinyelela kude - uyiciko elithanda izinto ezintsha, eliqondayo; futhi ngenxa yokuthi, ekugcineni, ukuthi yena ngokwakhe uthanda ukuqamba.

Ngokuvamile, ukubhala kunikeza uNasedkin okuningi. Okokuqala - ithuba lokubuka umculo "ngaphakathi", ngamehlo alowo owadalayo. Kumvumela ukuthi angene ezimfihlakalweni zokubunjwa, ukwakha insimbi yomsindo - yingakho, mhlawumbe, ukwenza imiqondo ihlezi ihlelekile, ilinganisela, ihlelwa ngaphakathi. U-GG Neuhaus, owakhuthaza ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhangwa komfundi wakhe ekudaleni, wabhala: kuphela umenzi wefa” (Neigauz GG Reflections, izinkumbulo, idayari. S. 121.). Nokho, ngaphezu orientation "emnothweni zomculo", ukwakheka kunikeza Nasedkin impahla eyodwa ngaphezulu: ikhono lokucabanga kwezobuciko. yesimanje izigaba.

I-repertoire yomdlali wopiyano ihlanganisa imisebenzi kaRichard Strauss, uStravinsky, Britten, Berg, Prokofiev, Shostakovich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthuthukisa umculo wabaqambi asebenesikhathi eside ebudlelwaneni bokudala - uRakov (wayengumdlali wokuqala we-Second Sonata), Ovchinnikov ( "Metamorphoses"), Tishchenko, nabanye. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi kubaculi bezikhathi zanamuhla uNasedkin umhumushi aphendukela kuye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibuphi ubunzima abhekana nabo - okwakhayo noma obuciko bokucabanga - uhlala engena engqikithini yomculo: "ezisekelweni, ezimpandeni, emnyombweni; ” ngamagama adumile B. Pasternak. Ngezindlela eziningi - ngenxa yamakhono akhe okuqamba athuthuke kakhulu.

Akaqambi ngendlela efanayo nanjengoba, u-Arthur Schnabel aziqambela - wazibhalela yena yedwa, efihlela abantu bangaphandle imidlalo yakhe. U-Nasedkin uletha umculo awudalile esiteji, nakuba engavamile. Umphakathi jikelele ujwayelene neminye yemisebenzi yakhe yezinsimbi yopiyano neyegumbi. Babehlale behlangana nesithakazelo nozwela. Ubengabhala okwengeziwe, kodwa isikhathi asisanele. Ngempela, ngaphandle kwakho konke okunye, uNasedkin naye unguthisha - unekilasi lakhe e-Moscow Conservatory.

Umsebenzi wokufundisa we-Nasedkin unobuhle nebubi bawo. Angeke asho ngokungananazi, njengoba abanye besho: “Yebo, ukufundisa kuyisidingo esibalulekile kimi…”; noma, ngokuphambene: “Kodwa uyazi, angimdingi…” Yena kuyadingeka kuye, uma enesithakazelo kumfundi, uma enekhono futhi ungakwazi ngempela ukutshala kuye ngaphandle komkhondo wonke amandla akho angokomoya. Uma kungenjalo ... uNasedkin ukholelwa ukuthi ukuxhumana nomfundi ojwayelekile akuyona neze ingozi njengoba abanye becabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke futhi isikhathi eside. I-Mediocrity, abafundi abampofu abaphakathi banempahla eyodwa ekhohlisayo: ngandlela thile bajwayelana ngokungabonakali futhi buthule kulokho okwenziwa yibona, okubaphoqa ukuthi bavumelane nokujwayelekile nokwansuku zonke, bakuthathe kalula ...

Kodwa ukubhekana nethalente ekilasini akugcini nje ngokujabulisayo, kodwa futhi kuyasiza. Ungakwazi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukupequlula okuthile, ukuthathe, ngisho ufunde okuthile ... Njengesibonelo esiqinisekisa umqondo wakhe, uNasedkin uvame ukubhekisela ezifundweni noV. Ovchinnikov - mhlawumbe umfundi ongcono kakhulu, owathola indondo yesiliva eMqhudelwaneni VII oqanjwe ngoTchaikovsky, owawina. womklomelo wokuqala kuMqhudelwano weLeeds (Kusukela ngo-1987, u-V. Ovchinnikov, njengomsizi, ubesiza uNasedkin emsebenzini wakhe e-conservatory. – G. Ts.). "Ngikhumbula lapho ngifunda noVolodya Ovchinnikov, ngangivame ukuzitholela okuthile okuthakazelisayo nokufundisayo ..."

Ngokunokwenzeka, indlela okwakuyiyo, ekufundiseni - kwangempela, ukufundisa okukhulu - lokhu akuvamile. Kodwa nansi into Ovchinnikov, ehlangana eminyakeni yakhe umfundi Nasedkin, wafunda okuningi kuye, wathatha njengesibonelo, akungabazeki. Lokhu kuzwakala ngomdlalo wakhe - okhaliphile, ongathí sina, othembekile ngokomsebenzi - ngisho nangendlela abukeka ngayo esiteji - ngesizotha, ngokuzithiba, ngesithunzi kanye nobulula obuhle. Umuntu kufanele ezwe ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi u-Ovchinnikov esiteji ngezinye izikhathi akanalo ulwazi olungalindelekile, izinkanuko ezivuthayo ... Mhlawumbe. Kodwa akekho owake wamthuka ngokuthi, bathi uzama ukufihla noma yini ekusebenzeni kwakhe ngemiphumela yangaphandle kanye nomculo. Kubuciko bomdlali wopiyano osemusha - njengasobuciko bukathisha wakhe - abukho namanga amancane noma ukuzenza, asikho isithunzi. amanga omculo.

Ngaphezu kuka-Ovchinnikov, abanye abadlali bopiyano abasebasha abanesiphiwo, abahlonishwayo emiqhudelwaneni yokusebenza yamazwe ngamazwe, bafunda noNasedkin, njengoValery Pyasetsky (umklomelo we-III eMncintiswaneni weBach, 1984) noma uNiger Akhmedov (umklomelo we-VI emncintiswaneni waseSantander, eSpain, 1984) .

Ku-Pedagogy kaNasedkin, kanye nokusebenza kwekhonsathi nokusebenza, isikhundla sakhe sobuhle kwezobuciko, imibono yakhe ekuchazeni umculo ivezwa ngokucacile. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwesikhundla esinjalo, ukufundisa ngokwako bekungeke kube nanjongo nencazelo kuye. Uthi: “Angithandi uma into esunguliwe, esungulwe ngokukhethekile iqala ukuzwakala ekudlaleni komculi. “Futhi abafundi bavame ukona ngalokhu. Bafuna ukubukeka "bathakazelisa kakhulu" ...

Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ubuntu bobuciko abukho nje ngokudlala ngokuhlukile kunabanye. Ekugcineni, lowo owazi ukuba sesiteji ungumuntu ngamunye. ngokwakho; – lena into esemqoka. Ubani owenza umculo ngokuvumelana nezifiso zakhe zokudala ngokushesha - njengoba "mina" wakhe ongaphakathi etshela umuntu. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho iqiniso eliningi nobuqotho emdlalweni, kungcono ukubonakala komuntu ngamunye.

Empeleni, angithandi kakhulu uma umculi enza abalaleli bazinake yena: lapha, bathi, lokho engiyikho ... ngizosho okwengeziwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbono wokusebenza ungaba othakazelisa futhi wangempela kangakanani, kodwa uma mina - njengomlaleli - ngiwuqaphela kwasekuqaleni, umbono, uma ngiwuzwa kuqala incazelo kanjalo., ngokombono wami, akuyona into enhle kakhulu. Umuntu kufanele aqhubeke ebona umculo ehholo lekhonsathi, hhayi ukuthi “usetshenziswa” kanjani umculi, ukuthi uwuhumusha kanjani. Lapho bebabaza eduze kwami: "O, yeka incazelo!", Ngihlale ngikuthanda kancane kunalapho ngizwa: "O, yimuphi umculo!". Angazi ukuthi ngikwazile ngokunembe kangakanani ukuveza umbono wami. Ngethemba ukuthi kucace kakhulu.”

U-Nasedkin uphila namuhla, njengayizolo, impilo yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enamandla. (Ngo-1988, washiya i-conservatory, egxile ngokuphelele ekudaleni nasekuqhubeni imisebenzi.). Wayehlale eyithanda incwadi; manje yena, mhlawumbe, udingeka kakhulu kuye kunaseminyakeni edlule. “Ngicabanga ukuthi njengomculi ukufunda kunginika okuningi, noma ngaphezulu, kunokuya emakhonsathini noma ukulalela amarekhodi. Ngikholwe, angenzi ihaba. Iqiniso liwukuthi izikhathi eziningi zokuhlwa kwepiyano, noma amarekhodi afanayo egilamafoni, angishiya, ngokungananazi, ngizole ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi nje ukungabi nandaba. Kodwa ngencwadi, incwadi enhle, lokhu akwenzeki. Ukufunda akuyona “into yokuzilibazisa” kimi; futhi hhayi nje ukuzilibazisa okujabulisayo. Lena ingxenye edingekayo ngokuphelele yomsebenzi wami wobuchwepheshe.. Yebo, kanjani futhi? Uma usondela ngokudlala upiyano hhayi nje “njengokugijima kweminwe”, khona-ke inganekwane, njengobunye ubuciko, iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokudala. Izincwadi zijabulisa umphefumulo, zikwenza ubheke nxazonke, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ubheke ngokujulile kuwe; kwesinye isikhathi baphakamisa imicabango, ngingasho, ebalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu obambe iqhaza ekuqambeni ... "

U-Nasedkin uthanda ukutshela ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi umbono oqinile we-"Liberation of Tolstoy" ngu-IA Bunin wenza kuye ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ukuthi le ncwadi yamcebisa kangakanani, umuntu kanye nomdwebi - umsindo wayo we-ideological kanye ne-semantic, i-psychology ecashile kanye nenkulumo engavamile. Ngendlela, ngokuvamile uthanda izincwadi ze-memoir, kanye nobuntatheli obusezingeni eliphezulu, ukugxeka kwezobuciko.

B. Shaw waqinisekisa ukuthi izinkanuko zobuhlakani - ezizinze kakhulu futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwabanye nabanye - azigcini nje ngokuba buthaka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kodwa, ngokuphambene, ngezinye izikhathi ziba namandla futhi zijule ... Kunabantu okuthi, kokubili ukwakheka kwemicabango nezenzo zabo, nendlela yokuphila, nezinye eziningi, eziningi ziqinisekisa futhi zifanekisela lokho okwashiwo nguB. Shaw; Ngokungangabazeki uNasedkin ungomunye wabo.

… Ukuthinta okuthakazelisayo. Ngandlela-thile, esikhathini eside esidlule, u-Alexei Arkadievich wabonisa ukungabaza engxoxweni ukuthi unelungelo lokuzibheka njengomdlali wekhonsathi ochwepheshe. Emlonyeni wendoda ebivakashile cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, ejabulela igunya eliqinile phakathi kochwepheshe kanye nomphakathi, lokhu kuzwakale kuxakile ekuqaleni. Cishe indida. Noma kunjalo, uNasedkin, ngokusobala, wayenesizathu sokungabaza igama elithi "umculi wekhonsathi", echaza iphrofayili yakhe kwezobuciko. Kungaba okulungile ukusho ukuthi ungumculi. Futhi osonhlamvukazi ngempela...

G. Tsypin, 1990