Yakov Vladimirovich Flier |

I-Yakov Flier

U-Yakov Vladimirovich Flier wazalelwa e-Orekhovo-Zuevo. Umndeni womdlali wepiyano wesikhathi esizayo wawukude nomculo, nakuba, njengoba ekhumbula kamuva, wayethandwa kakhulu endlini. Ubaba kaFlier wayeyingcweti enesizotha, engumenzi wamawashi, kanti unina wayengunkosikazi wekhaya.

U-Yasha Flier wenza izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala kwezobuciko cishe wazifundisa yena. Ngaphandle kosizo lwanoma ubani, wafunda ukukhetha ngendlebe, wazicabangela ngokuzimela ubunkimbinkimbi bokuphawula komculo. Nokho, kamuva umfana waqala ukunikeza izifundo upiyano Sergei Nikanorovich Korsakov - umqambi evelele kunalokho, oshaya wopiyano kanye nothisha, owaziwa "okhanyayo zomculo" Orekhovo-Zuev. Ngokusho kwamamemori kaFlier, indlela yokufundisa upiyano ka-Korsakov yayihlukaniswa ngemvelaphi ethile - yayingaqapheli noma izikali, noma izivivinyo zezobuchwepheshe ezifundisayo, noma ukuqeqeshwa kweminwe okukhethekile.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi OZON.ru

Imfundo yomculo nokuthuthukiswa kwabafundi kwakusekelwe kuphela ezintweni zobuciko neziveza imizwa. Inqwaba yemidlalo ehlukene engaxakile yababhali baseNtshonalanga Yurophu nabaseRussia yaphinde yadlalwa ekilasini lakhe, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwezinkondlo okucebile kwembulwa kubaculi abasebasha ezingxoxweni ezihehayo nothisha. Lokhu, kunjalo, kwakunobuhle nobubi bakho.

Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abafundi, abanesiphiwo kakhulu ngokwemvelo, lesi sitayela somsebenzi we-Korsakov saletha imiphumela ephumelela kakhulu. U-Yasha Flier naye wathuthuka ngokushesha. Unyaka nengxenye yezifundo ezijulile - futhi usevele wasondela kuma-sonatinas kaMozart, ama-miniatures alula kaSchumann, Grieg, Tchaikovsky.

Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanye, umfana wangeniswa Central Music School eMoscow Conservatory, lapho GP Prokofiev kuqala waba uthisha wakhe, futhi kamuva SA Kozlovsky. In the Conservatory, lapho Yakov Flier wangena ngo-1928, KN Igumnov waba uthisha wakhe upiyano.

Kuthiwa phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda, uFlier akazange agqame kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi afunda nabo. Yiqiniso, bakhuluma ngaye ngenhlonipho, bahlonipha idatha yakhe yemvelo evulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvelele bobuchwepheshe, kodwa bambalwa ababengacabanga ukuthi le nsizwa ekhulile enezinwele ezimnyama - enye yabaningi ekilasini likaKonstantin Nikolayevich - yayimiselwe ukuba ngumfundi. umculi odumile esikhathini esizayo.

Entwasahlobo ka-1933, uFlier waxoxa no-Igumnov ngohlelo lwenkulumo yakhe yokuthweswa iziqu - ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wayezophothula e-Conservatory. Wakhuluma nge-Third Concerto kaRachmaninov. “Yebo, uvele wazikhukhumeza,” kukhala uKonstantin Nikolaevich. “Uyazi ukuthi yinkosi enkulu kuphela engenza le nto? UFlier wama eqinile, u-Igumnov wayengenakunyakaziswa: "Yenza njengoba wazi, fundisa okufunayo, kodwa ngicela, bese uqeda i-conservatory ngokwakho," wayiphetha ingxoxo.

Kwadingeka ngisebenze ku-Rachmaninov Concerto ngokuzifaka engozini futhi ngizifaka engozini, cishe ngokuyimfihlo. Ehlobo, uFlier cishe akazange ashiye ithuluzi. Wafunda ngesasasa nangomdlandla, ayengamazi ngaphambili. Futhi ekwindla, ngemva kwamaholide, lapho iminyango ye-conservatory ivuleka futhi, wakwazi ukuncenga u-Igumnov ukuba alalele ikhonsathi kaRachmaninov. “Kulungile, kodwa ingxenye yokuqala kuphela…” u-Konstantin Nikolayevich wavuma ngokudangala, ehlala phansi ukuze aphelezele upiyano lwesibili.

UFlier ukhumbula ukuthi kwakuqabukela ejabule njengangalolo suku angeke alukhohlwe. U-Igumnov walalela ethule, engawuphazamisi umdlalo ngokuphawula okukodwa. Ingxenye yokuqala isifike ekugcineni. "Usadlala?" Engaphenduli ebuza ngesankahlu. Yiqiniso, ehlobo zonke izingxenye ze-triptych kaRachmaninov zafundwa. Lapho kukhala iculo emakhasini okugcina omdlalo wokugcina, u-Igumnov wasukuma kungazelele muntu esihlalweni futhi, ngaphandle kokukhipha izwi, walishiya ikilasi. Akazange abuye isikhathi eside, isikhathi eside kakhulu kuFlier. Futhi ngokushesha izindaba ezimangazayo zasakazeka endaweni yokugcina izinto: uprofesa wabonakala ekhala ekhoneni elicashile lephaseji. Ngakho wamthinta ke Flierovskaya umdlalo.

Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kukaFlier kwenzeka ngo-January 1934. Ngokwesiko, iHholo Elincane LeConservatory laligcwele abantu. Inombolo yomqhele yohlelo lwediploma yomdlali wopiyano osemusha, njengoba bekulindelekile, ikhonsathi kaRachmaninov. Impumelelo kaFlier ibe nkulu kakhulu, kwabaningi ababekhona – ivusa umunyu. Ofakazi bokuzibonela bakhumbula ukuthi lapho le nsizwa, ngemva kokuqeda ingoma yokugcina, isukuma ensimbini, imizuzwana embalwa kwabusa isithukuthezi phakathi kwezilaleli. Kwabe sekuduma ihlombe elinjalo, okungasakhunjulwa lapha. Khona-ke, “lapho ikhonsathi yaseRachmaninoff eyazamazamisa ihholo ifa, lapho yonke into isithule, ithule futhi izilaleli ziqala ukukhuluma bodwa, ngokungazelelwe baqaphela ukuthi babekhuluma ngokunyenyeza. Kwenzeka into enkulu futhi engathi sína, okwafakazelwa yilo lonke ihholo. Abalaleli abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlezi lapha - abafundi be-conservatory kanye noprofesa. Bakhuluma amazwi angazwakali manje, besaba nokwethusa okwabo injabulo. (Tess T. Yakov Flier // Izvestia. 1938. Juni 1.).

Ikhonsathi yokuthweswa iziqu kwaba ukunqoba okukhulu kuFlier. Abanye balandela; hhayi okukodwa, hhayi okubili, kodwa uchungechunge oluhle lokunqoba phakathi neminyaka embalwa. Ngo-1935 - ubuqhawe eMqhudelwaneni Wesibili Wenyunyana Wabaculi Abadlalayo eLeningrad. Ngemva konyaka - impumelelo ku-International Competition eVienna (umklomelo wokuqala). Khona-ke iBrussels (1938), ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umculi; UFlier unomklomelo wesithathu ohloniphekile lapha. Ukwenyuka bekudida ngempela - ukusuka empumelelweni esivivinyweni se-Conservative kuye kodumo emhlabeni.

I-Flier manje inezithameli zayo, eziningi futhi ezizinikele. “AmaFlierists”, njengoba abalandeli balo mculi babebizwa kanjalo ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX, baphithizela emahholo phakathi nezinsuku zokudlala kwakhe, basabela ngentshiseko kwezobuciko bakhe. Yini eyakhuthaza umculi osemusha?

Intshiseko yangempela, eyivelakancane yesipiliyoni - okokuqala nje. Ukudlala kukaFlier kwaba umfutho ovuthayo, i-pathos ephezulu, idrama ejabulisayo yolwazi lomculo. Ngokungafani nabanye abantu, wakwazi ukudonsa izilaleli “ngokuxhamazela, umsindo obukhali, ukundiza ngaso leso sikhathi, njengamaza omsindo ogwebuzelayo” (Alshwang A. Soviet Schools of Pianoism // Sov. Music. 1938. No. 10-11. P. 101.).

Yiqiniso, kwakudingeka futhi ahluke, azivumelanise nezimfuneko ezihlukahlukene zemisebenzi eyenziwe. Kodwa nokho imvelo yakhe yobuciko evuthayo yayihambisana kakhulu nalokho okwakuphawulwe kumanothi ngamazwi Furioso, Concitato, Eroico, con brio, con tutta Forza; isici sakhe somdabu yilapho i-fortissimo nengcindezi enzima engokomzwelo yayibusa emculweni. Ngalezo zikhathi, wayeheha izethameli ngamandla obuntu bakhe, ngokuzimisela okungenakunqotshwa nokubi wabeka phansi umlaleli entandweni yakhe yokwenza. Ngakho-ke "kunzima ukumelana nomdwebi, ngisho noma ukuhumusha kwakhe kungahambelani nemibono ekhona" (Adzhemov K. Isipho Sothando // Sov. Umculo. 1963. No. 3. P. 66.), kusho omunye umgxeki. Omunye uthi: “Eyakhe (Fliera. UMnu. C.) inkulumo ephakeme yothando ithola amandla akhethekile okuthonya ngezikhathi ezidinga ukushuba okukhulu okuvela kumdlali. Igcwele ama-oratorical pathos, izibonakalisa ngamandla kakhulu kumarejista adlulele wokuvezwa. (Shlifshtein S. Soviet Laureates // Sov. Music. 1938. No. 6. P. 18.).

Umdlandla ngezinye izikhathi wawuholela uFlier ekwenzeni udumo. Ku-accelerando ekhungathekile, kwakuvame ukuthi umuzwa wokulinganisa ulahlekile; ijubane elimangalisayo umshayi wopiyano ayelithanda alizange limvumele ukuba “aphimisele” ngokugcwele umbhalo womculo, kwamphoqa “ukuba anciphise” inani lemininingwane ecacile” (Rabinovich D. Three laureates // Sov. art. 1938. 26 April). Kwenzeka ukuthi indwangu yomculo ibe mnyama futhi i-pedalization eningi ngokweqile. U-Igumnov, ongakaze akhathale ukuphindaphinda kubafundi bakhe: "Umkhawulo wejubane elisheshayo yikhono lokuzwa ngempela yonke imisindo" (UMilstein Ya. Ukwenza kanye nezimiso zokufundisa ze-KN Igumnov // Masters of the Soviet pianistic school. – M., 1954. P. 62.), - ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa weluleka uFlier "ukuba alinganisele ngandlela-thile isimo sakhe sengqondo esichichimayo kwesinye isikhathi, okuholela ku- tempos esheshayo ngokungadingekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi azwakale kakhulu" (Igumnov K. Yakov Flier // Sov. Umculo. 1937. No. 10-11. P. 105.).

Izici ezingavamile zemvelo yobuciko kaFlier njengomdlali ikakhulukazi yanquma kusengaphambili ingoma yakhe. Eminyakeni yangaphambi kwempi, ukunaka kwakhe kwakugxile kuma-romantics (ikakhulukazi uLiszt noChopin); wabonisa nesithakazelo esikhulu kuRachmaninov. Kulapha lapho athola khona “indima” yakhe yangempela; ngokusho kwabagxeki beminyaka engamashumi amathathu, incazelo yeFlier yemisebenzi yalaba baqambi yayinomphakathi "umbono oqondile, omkhulu wobuciko" (Rabinovich D. Gilels, Flier, Oborin // Umculo. 1937. Oct.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayethanda ikakhulukazi idemoni, iLeaf infernal; iqhawe, isibindi Chopin; ecasula kakhulu Rachmaninov.

Umdlali wopiyano wayesondelene hhayi kuphela nezinkondlo kanye nezwe elingokomfanekiso laba babhali. Uphinde wahlabeka umxhwele ngesitayela sabo sepiyano sokuhlobisa ngendlela ebabazekayo - leyo mibalabala eminingi ekhazimulayo yezingubo ezithungwe, ukunethezeka komhlobiso wepiyano, okungokwemvelo ekudalweni kwazo. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe azizange zimkhathaze kakhulu, eziningi zazo wazinqoba ngaphandle komzamo obonakalayo, kalula futhi ngokwemvelo. “Isu elikhulu nelincane likaFlier liyamangaza ngokufanayo… Umdlali wopiyano osemusha usefinyelele kuleso sigaba sobuhle lapho ukuphelela kobuchwepheshe ngokwakho kuba umthombo wenkululeko yobuciko” (Kramskoy A. Art that enjoys // Soviet art. 1939. Jan. 25).

Isikhathi esiyisici: cishe konke okusemandleni ukuchaza inqubo kaFlier ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi "ayibonakali", ukusho ukuthi wayenikezwe indima yenkonzo kuphela kwezobuciko bakhe.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakuwubuhle obunesibindi nesibindi, obuziqhenya ngokusobala ngamandla aso phezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, obucwebezelayo ku-bravura, bubeka amaseyili opiyano.

Abantu abadala bamahholo ekhonsathi bakhumbula ukuthi, ephendukela kuma-classics ebusheni bakhe, umculi, u-willy-nilly, "wabathanda". Ngezinye izikhathi wayeze ahlanjalazwe: “U-Flier akazishintshi ngokugcwele “uhlelo” olusha lomzwelo lapho lwenziwa abaqambi abahlukene” (Kramskoy A. Art that enjoys // Soviet art. 1939. Jan. 25). Thatha, isibonelo, ukuchaza kwakhe i-Appasionata ka-Beethoven. Ngakho konke okuthakazelisayo umculi wopiyano owaletha ku-sonata, ukuhumusha kwakhe, ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, akuzange kube yindinganiso yesitayela esiqinile se-classical. Lokhu akwenzekanga ngoBeethoven kuphela. Futhi uFlier wayekwazi. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi indawo enesizotha kakhulu ku-repertoire yakhe yayihlala abaqambi abanjengoScarlatti, uHaydn, Mozart. U-Bach wayemelwe kule repertoire, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngamalungiselelo nokulotshiwe. Umdlali wopiyano akazange aphenduke kaningi ku-Schubert, Brahms futhi. Ngamafuphi, kulezo zincwadi lapho amasu amangalisayo futhi ahehayo, ububanzi be-pop, umoya ovuthayo, ukuphana kwemizwa okwedlulele kwaba kwanele empumelelweni yomsebenzi, wayengumhumushi omangalisayo; lapho isibalo esiqondile esakhayo sasidingeka, ukuhlaziya kobuhlakani nefilosofi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakale kungenabude obubaluleke kangako. Futhi ukugxekwa okuqinile, ukukhokhela impumelelo yakhe, akuzange kubone kudingekile ukugwema leli qiniso. “Ukwehluleka kukaFlier kukhuluma kuphela ngobuncane obaziwayo bezifiso zakhe zokudala. Esikhundleni sokuhlala enweba ingoma yakhe, enothisa ubuciko bakhe ngokungena okujulile ezitayeleni ezihluke kakhulu, futhi uFlier unokuningi kunanoma ubani omunye ukwenza lokhu, ukhawula ekusebenzeni okugqamile futhi okuqinile, kodwa okuthe thuthu kancane. (Eshashalazini bathi ezimweni ezinjalo umculi akadlali indima, kodwa yena ngokwakhe) " (Grigoriev A. Ya. Flier // Soviet Art. 1937. 29 Sept.). "Kuze kube manje, ekusebenzeni kukaFlier, sivame ukuzwa izinga elikhulu lethalente lakhe lokudlala upiyano, kunesilinganiso somqondo ojulile, ogcwele ifilosofi evamile" (Kramskoy A. Art that enjoys // Soviet art. 1939. Jan. 25).

Mhlawumbe ukugxekwa kwakulungile nokungalungile. Amalungelo, amele ukunwetshwa kwe-repertoire kaFlier, ukuze kuthuthukiswe imihlaba emisha yesitayela ngumshayi wopiyano, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuciko bakhe nobunkondlo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akalungile neze ngokusola le nsizwa ngokunganele “kwesilinganiso somqondo ojulile, ophelele wefilosofi.” Ababuyekezi bacabangele okuningi - kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, nokuthambekela kobuciko, kanye nokubunjwa kwe-repertoire. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhohliwe kuphela ngeminyaka, isipiliyoni sempilo kanye nemvelo yomuntu ngamunye. Akuwona wonke umuntu omiselwe ukuzalwa eyisazi sefilosofi; ubuntu buhlala bunjalo more okuthile futhi susa okuthile.

Ukulingiswa kokusebenza kweFlier bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokusho enye into eyodwa. Umdlali wopiyano wakwazi ekuchazeni kwakhe ukugxila ngokuphelele emfanekisweni ophakathi wokuqanjwa, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa izakhi zesibili, zesibili; wakwazi ukuveza kanye nomthunzi ngokukhululeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sithombe. Njengomthetho, ukuhumusha kwakhe izingcezu zopiyano kwakufana nezithombe ezizwakalayo, ezazibonakala izilaleli zibukwa kude; lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona ngokucacile "ingaphambili", ukuqonda ngokungenakuphikiswa into eyinhloko. U-Igumnov wayethanda njalo: "Flier," wabhala, "ufisa, okokuqala, ubuqotho, umsebenzi owenziwe. Unesithakazelo esikhulu emgqeni ojwayelekile, uzama ukubeka phansi yonke imininingwane ekubonakalisweni okuphilayo kwalokho okubonakala kuye kuwumnyombo womsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, akathambekele ekunikezeni imininingwane elinganayo noma akhiphe eminye yayo ngendlela elimaza yonke imininingwane.

… Into egqama kakhulu, – kuphetha u-Konstantin Nikolayevich, – Ikhono likaFlier liyabonakala uma edlala amaseyili amakhulu … Uphumelela eziculweni zezingoma ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezobuchwephesha, kodwa udlala ama-mazurka ka-Chopin futhi u-waltzes abe buthaka kunalokho abengakwenza! Lapha udinga leyo filigree, lokho kuqedwa kobucwebe, okungasondelene nemvelo kaFlier futhi okusadingeka ukuthi ayithuthukise. (Igumnov K. Yakov Flier // Sov. Umculo. 1937. No. 10-11. P. 104.).

Ngempela, imisebenzi yepiyano eyisikhumbuzo yakha isisekelo se-repertoire kaFlier. Singabala okungenani ikhonsathi ye-A-major kanye ne-sonatas ka-Liszt, i-Schumann's Fantasy kanye ne-Chopin's B-flat minor sonata, i-"Appassionata" ka-Mussorgsky ka-Beethoven kanye "Nezithombe Embukisweni", izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-cyclic ze-Ravel, Khachaturian, Prokochaevskiy, Trfichaevsky , Rachmaninov nabanye ababhali. I-repertoire enjalo, yiqiniso, ayizange ibe nengozi. Izimfuneko ezithile ezibekwe umculo wezinhlobo ezinkulu zihambisana nezici eziningi zesipho semvelo kanye nomthethosisekelo wobuciko weFlier. Kwakusezakhiweni zomsindo obanzi lapho amandla alesi sipho embulwa ngokucace kakhulu (umoya wesiphepho, inkululeko yokuphefumula okunesigqi, ububanzi obuhlukahlukene), kanye ... nezingaqinile kangako zafihlwa (u-Igumnov wawasho mayelana nama-miniatures kaChopin).

Ukufingqa, sigcizelela: impumelelo yenkosi encane yayinamandla ngoba yanqotshwa ngobuningi, izethameli ezithandwayo ezazigcwalisa amahholo ekhonsathi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nantathu. Umphakathi uhlatshwe umxhwele ngokusobala ukucula kukaFlier, intshiseko nesibindi somdlalo wakhe, ubuciko bakhe obuhlukahlukene obumangalisayo, babusezinhliziyweni zabo. “Lona ngumdlali wopiyano,” kubhala u-GG Neuhaus ngaleso sikhathi, “ekhuluma noquqaba ngolimi lomculo olubi, oluvuthayo, olukholisayo, oluqondakala ngisho nomuntu onolwazi oluncane emculweni” (Neigauz GG Ukunqoba kwabaculi baseSoviet // Koms. Pravda 1938. Juni 1.).

…Kwabe sekufika inkathazo. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1945, uFlier waqala ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesandla sakhe sokudla. Ngokuphawulekayo ubuthakathaka, umsebenzi olahlekile kanye nobuciko bomunwe owodwa. Odokotela baphelelwa ngamandla, kanti isandla siya ngokuba sibi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, umdlali wopiyano wazama ukukopela ngomnwe. Wabe eseqala ukushiya izingcezu zepiyano ezingabekezeleleki. I-repertoire yakhe yancishiswa ngokushesha, inani lemidlalo lancipha kakhulu. Ngo-1948, uFlier ubamba iqhaza kuphela kumakhonsathi avulekile ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi noma kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngobusuku obuhlanganisiwe begumbi. Ubonakala efiphala ethunzini, akasaboni abathandi bomculo...

Kodwa uthisha-Flier uzimemezela ngokuzwakalayo nangokuzwakalayo kule minyaka. Ephoqelekile ukuba aphume esiteji sekhonsathi, wazinikela ngokuphelele ekufundiseni. Futhi ngokushesha wathuthuka; phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakukhona u-B. Davidovich, L. Vlasenko, S. Alumyan, V. Postnikova, V. Kamyshov, M. Pletnev… UFlier wayengumuntu ovelele ezifundweni zokufundisa upiyano zaseSoviet. Ukujwayelana, ngisho noma kufushane, nemibono yakhe ngemfundo yabaculi abasebasha, ngokungangabazeki, kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyafundisa.

“… Into esemqoka,” kusho u-Yakov Vladimirovich, “ukusiza umfundi ukuba aqonde ngokunembe nangokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inhloso (umbono) yobunkondlo eyinhloko yengoma. Ngoba kuphela ekuqondeni okuningi kwemibono eminingi yezinkondlo inqubo yokwakheka komculi wesikhathi esizayo yenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunganele kuFlier ukuthi umfundi aqonde umbhali esimweni esithile esisodwa nesiqondile. Wafuna okwengeziwe - ukuqonda isitayela kuwo wonke amaphethini ayo ayisisekelo. “Kuvunyelwe ukuthatha ubuciko bezincwadi zepiyano kuphela ngemva kokufunda kahle indlela yokuqamba yomqambi odale lo msebenzi wobuciko” (Izitatimende zika-Ya. V. Flier zicashunwe kumanothi ezingxoxo naye umlobi wesihloko.).

Izinkinga ezihlobene nezitayela ezahlukene zokudlala zithathe indawo enkulu emsebenzini kaFlier nabafundi. Kuningi osekushiwo ngabo, futhi sekucutshungulwe kabanzi. Ekilasini, ngokwesibonelo, umuntu wayengezwa amazwi anjalo: “Akunjalo, ngokuvamile, akukubi, kodwa mhlawumbe “uyamgxeka” kakhulu lo mbhali.” (Ukusola komdlali wopiyano osemusha owayesebenzisa izindlela ezigqame ngokweqile ekuhumusheni enye yezingoma zikaMozart.) Noma: “Ungabukisi ngobuhle bakho ngokweqile. Noma kunjalo, lona akuyena uLiszt” (ngokuphathelene nekaBrahms ethi “Ukuhlukahluka Kwendikimba YePaganini”). Lapho elalela umdlalo okokuqala ngqa, uFlier wayevame ukungamphazamisi umdlali, kodwa wayemyeka akhulume kuze kube sekugcineni. Kuprofesa, umbala wesitayela wawubalulekile; ehlola isithombe somsindo sisonke, wanquma izinga lobuqiniso baso besitayela, iqiniso lobuciko.

U-Flier akakubekezeleli nhlobo ukuzenzela kanye nesiyaluyalu ekusebenzeni, noma ngabe konke lokhu "kwakunambitheka" ulwazi oluqondile noluqine kakhulu. Abafundi bakhuliswe nguye ngokuqashelwa okungenamibandela kokuthi incwadi yefa yomqambi ibalulekile. “Umbhali kufanele athembeke ngaphezu kwethu sonke,” akazange adinwe ukukhuthaza intsha. “Kungani ungamethembi umbhali, ngasiphi isisekelo?” - wahlambalaza, isibonelo, umfundi oguqule ngokungacabangi uhlelo lokwenza olunqunywe ngumdali womsebenzi ngokwakhe. Ekanye nabasanda kungena ekilasini lakhe, ngezinye izikhathi uFlier wayewuhlolisisa, ngokujulile ukuhlaziya umbhalo: njengokungathi ngengilazi ekhulisayo, amaphethini amancane kakhulu endwangu yomsindo womsebenzi ahlolisiswa, konke ukuphawula komlobi nokuqokwa kwakhe kwaqondwa. "Zijwayeze ukuthatha inani eliphezulu emiyalweni nasezifisweni zomqambi, kuzo zonke iziqephu nama-nuances abekwe nguye kumanothi," efundisa. “Abantu abasha, ngeshwa, abawubheki njalo umbhalo. Uvame ukulalela umculi wopiyano osemusha futhi ubone ukuthi akazange abone zonke izakhi zokuthungwa kwesiqephu, futhi akazange acabange ngezincomo eziningi zombhali. Ngezinye izikhathi, yiqiniso, umdlali wopiyano onjalo akanalo ikhono, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kuwumphumela wokucwaninga okunganele komsebenzi.

“Yebo,” kuqhuba u-Yakov Vladimirovich, “uhlelo lokuhumusha, ngisho nokugunyazwa umlobi ngokwakhe, aluyona into engaguquki, engekho ngaphansi kokulungiswa okukodwa noma okunye okuvela ohlangothini lomdwebi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ithuba (ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo!) Ukuveza inkondlo yomuntu ejulile ethi “Mina” ngesimo sengqondo somsebenzi kungenye yezimfihlakalo ezikhangayo zokusebenza. I-Remarque - ukuvezwa kwentando yomqambi - ibaluleke kakhulu kumhumushi, kodwa akuyona inkolelo-ze. Nokho, uthisha weFlier nokho waqhubeka kulokhu okulandelayo: “Okokuqala, yenza, ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka, lokho umbhali akufunayo, bese … Bese sizobona.”

Ngemva kokubekela umfundi noma yimuphi umsebenzi, uFlier akazange acabange ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe njengothisha yayiphelile. Kunalokho, ngokushesha waveza izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga. Njengomthetho, khona lapho, khona lapho, wazama ngokufaka iminwe, wahlola ingqikithi yezinqubo ezidingekayo zemoto kanye nokuzwa umunwe, wazama izinketho ezihlukahlukene nge-pedaling, njll. Wabe esefingqa imicabango yakhe ngendlela yemiyalelo neseluleko esithile. . “Ngicabanga ukuthi kwezokufundisa umuntu ngeke agcine ngokuchazela umfundi ukuthi kudingeka ukuba azibekele umgomo, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Indlela kufanele ngenze Kanjani ukuzuza lokho okufiswayo – uthisha kumele naye akukhombise lokhu. Ikakhulukazi uma engumdlali wopiyano onolwazi ... "

Okuthakaselayo ngokungangabazeki imibono kaFlier mayelana nokuthi ukwaziswa komculo okusha kufanele kufundwe kanjani futhi ngakuphi ukulandelana. “Ukuntula okuhlangenwe nakho kwabadlali bopiyano abasebasha ngokuvamile kubaphushela endleleni engafanele,” ephawula. , ukwazana okukha phezulu nombhalo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, into ewusizo kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bomculo ukulandela ngokucophelela umqondo wokuthuthukiswa komcabango wombhali, ukuqonda ukwakheka komsebenzi. Ikakhulukazi uma lo msebenzi “wenziwa” hhayi nje…”

Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kubalulekile ukumboza umdlalo uwonke. Makube umdlalo oseduze nokufunda eshidini, noma ngabe okuningi kobuchwepheshe akuphumi. Noma kunjalo, kuyadingeka ukubheka ngendwangu yomculo ngokubheka okukodwa, ukuzama, njengoba uFlier eshilo, "ukuthandana" nayo. Bese uqala ukufunda "ngezicucu", umsebenzi onemininingwane osekuvele kuyisigaba sesibili.

Ebeka "ukuxilongwa" kwakhe mayelana nokukhubazeka okuthile ekusebenzeni kwabafundi, u-Yakov Vladimirovich wayehlale ecacile ngokwedlulele emazwini akhe; amazwi akhe ayehlukaniswa ngokukholeka nokuqiniseka, ayeqondiswe ngokunembile kulokho okwakuhlosiwe. Ekilasini, ikakhulukazi lapho esebenzelana nabafundi abathole iziqu, uFlier wayevame ukucwasa kakhulu: “Lapho ufunda nomfundi osunesikhathi eside umazi, amagama amaningi awadingeki. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka kufika ukuqonda okuphelele. Kwesinye isikhathi imishwana emibili noma emithathu, noma ukusikisela nje, yanele ... ”Ngasikhathi sinye, eveza umcabango wakhe, uFlier wayazi futhi ethanda ukuthola izindlela zokukhuluma ezimibalabala. Inkulumo yakhe yafafazwa ngezibongo ezingalindelekile nezingokomfanekiso, iziqhathaniso ezihlakaniphile nezingathekisayo. "Lapha udinga ukunyakaza njenge-somnambulist ..." (mayelana nomculo ogcwele umuzwa wokuhlangana nokuba ndikindiki). "Ngicela udlale kule ndawo ngeminwe engenalutho ngokuphelele" (mayelana nesiqephu okufanele senziwe i-leggierissimo). "Lapha ngithanda uwoyela owengeziwe emculweni" (isiyalezo esiya kumfundi omsindo wakhe we-cantilena womile futhi ufiphele). “Umuzwa ucishe ufane nokuthi kukhona okunyakaziswayo emkhonweni” (ngokuphathelene nendlela yokucula kwenye yezingcezu ze-“Mephisto-Waltz” kaLiszt). Noma, ekugcineni, okunenjongo: "Akudingekile ukuthi yonke imizwa iphume - shiya okuthile ngaphakathi ..."

Ngokwesici: ngemva kokucushwa kahle kukaFlier, noma isiphi isiqeshana esakhiwe ngokuqinile ngokwanele futhi ngokuzwakalayo ngumfundi sathola ukuhlaba umxhwele okukhethekile kopiyano kanye nobuhle obungazange bubonakale ngaphambili. Wayeyingcweti engenakuqhathaniswa yokuletha ukukhalipha emdlalweni wabafundi. "Umsebenzi womfundi uyisicefe ekilasini - uzobukeka uyisicefe nakakhulu esiteji," kusho u-Yakov Vladimirovich. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza esifundweni, wayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele kube eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ekhonsathini, kube uhlobo lwesiteji esiphindwe kabili. Okungukuthi, ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, ezimweni zaselabhorethri, kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ikhwalithi ebalulekile njengobuciko kumdlali wepiyano osemusha. Uma kungenjalo, uthisha, lapho ehlela ukusebenza komphakathi kwesilwane sakhe esifuywayo, uzokwazi ukuthembela kuphela enhlanhleni engahleliwe.

Enye into futhi. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi kukhona abalaleli abahlale behlabeke umxhwele ngesibindi somculi esiteji. Kulo mcimbi, uFlier waphawula lokhu okulandelayo: “Njengoba edlala ikhibhodi, umuntu akufanele esabe ukuzifaka engozini - ikakhulukazi eminyakeni esemncane. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa isibindi sesiteji kuwena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhashana esingokwengqondo sisafihliwe lapha: lapho umuntu eqaphe ngokweqile, esondela ngokuqapha endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye indawo enzima, ukugxuma "okukhohlisayo", njll., le ndawo enzima, njengomthetho, ayiphumi, idiliza. … ”Lokhu kungumbono. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho olukhuthaze abafundi bakaFlier ukuthi babonise ukungesabi ngendlela yokudlala kathisha wabo, abayazi kahle.

… Ekwindla ka-1959, ngokungalindelekile kwabaningi, amaphosta amemezela ukubuya kukaFlier esiteji esikhulu sekhonsathi. Ngemuva kwaba ukuhlinzwa okunzima, izinyanga ezinde zokubuyiselwa kobuciko bopiyano, ukungena esimweni. Futhi, ngemva kwekhefu iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, Flier uhola ukuphila isivakashi: udlala emadolobheni ahlukahlukene e-USSR, uhamba phesheya. Ashayelwe ihlombe, abingelelwe ngemfudumalo nangobubele. Njengomculi, ngokuvamile uhlala ethembekile kuye. Kukho konke lokho, enye inkosi, enye iFlier, yangena empilweni yekhonsathi yeminyaka yamashumi ayisithupha...

"Eminyakeni edlule, uqala ukubona ubuciko ngandlela-thile ngendlela ehlukile, lokhu akunakugwenywa," esho eminyakeni yakhe ewohlokayo. “Imibono yomculo iyashintsha, imiqondo yabo yobuhle iyashintsha. Okuningi kuvezwa ngendlela ehlukile kunasebusheni … Ngokwemvelo, umdlalo ushintshashintsha. Lokhu, vele, akusho ukuthi yonke into manje isizojabulisa kakhulu kunangaphambili. Mhlawumbe okuthile okuzwakale kuthakazelisa kakhulu eminyakeni yokuqala. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi - umdlalo ushintsha ... "

Ngempela, abalaleli baqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ubuciko bukaFlier babushintshe kangakanani. Ekubonakaleni kwakhe esiteji, ukujula okukhulu, ukugxila kwangaphakathi kwavela. Waba ezolile futhi walinganisela kakhudlwana ngemuva kwensimbi; ngokufanelekile, ukuvinjelwa okwengeziwe ekuboniseni imizwa. Kokubili ulaka kanye nokuthatheka kwenkondlo kwaqala ukulawulwa nguyena.

Mhlawumbe ukwenza kwakhe kwancipha ngandlela thize ngenxa yokuzenzakalela ayeheha ngakho izethameli zangaphambi kwempi. Kodwa ihaba elingokomzwelo elisobala nalo liye lehla. Kokubili ukuqhuma kwe-sonic kanye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo komvuthwandaba akuzange kuzenzekele kuye njengakuqala; omunye waba nombono wokuthi manje base becatshangelwe ngokucophelela, balungiswa, bapholishwa.

Lokhu kuzwakale ikakhulukazi ekuchazeni kukaFlier "Choreographic Waltz" kaRavel (ngendlela, wenza uhlelo lwalo msebenzi wopiyano). Kuphinde kwaqashelwa ku-Fantasia ka-Bach-Liszt ne-Fugue ku-G minor, i-sonata ka-Mozart ethi C minor, i-Seventeenth Sonata ka-Beethoven, i-Schumann's Symphonic Etudes, i-scherzos ka-Chopin, ama-mazurkas nama-nocturnes, i-Brahms's B ​​minor ye-sonata eyayiyingxenye ye-rhapsody yomunye umsebenzi. yeminyaka yamuva.

Yonke indawo, ngamandla athile, umuzwa wakhe ophakeme wokulinganisa, ingxenye yobuciko yomsebenzi, yaqala ukuzibonakalisa. Kwakukhona ukuqina, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuvinjelwa okuthile ekusebenziseni amasu nezindlela ezimibalabala nezibonwayo.

Umphumela wobuhle bakho konke lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaba ukukhuliswa okukhethekile kwezithombe ezisankondlo kuFlier. Sesifikile isikhathi sokuzwana kwangaphakathi kwemizwa kanye nezindlela zokuvezwa kwayo esiteji.

Cha, uFlier akazange aguquke abe "i-academician", akazange ashintshe isimo sakhe sobuciko. Kuze kube yizinsuku zakhe zokugcina, wenza ngaphansi kwefulegi elithandekayo neliseduze naye lothando. Ukuthandana kwakhe kwahluka kuphela: ukuvuthwa, ukujula, okunothiswe yimpilo ende kanye nesipiliyoni sokudala ...

G. Tsypin