U-Annie Fischer |

U-Annie Fischer

Leli gama liyaziwa futhi liyaziswa ezweni lakithi, kanye nasemazweni amaningi amazwekazi ahlukene - nomaphi lapho umculi waseHungary evakashele khona, lapho kudlalwa khona amarekhodi amaningi aqoshiwe. Bephimisa leli gama, abathandi bomculo bakhumbula lokho kuthakazelisa okukhethekile okutholakala kuyo kuphela, lokho kujula nothando lwesipiliyoni, ukushuba okuphezulu komcabango akufaka ekudlaleni kwakhe. Bakhumbula izinkondlo ezinhle kanye nokushesha komzwelo, ikhono elimangalisayo lokumane, ngaphandle kokuthinta kwangaphandle, bathole ukuvezwa okungavamile kokusebenza. Ekugcineni, bakhumbula ukuzimisela okungavamile, amandla ashukumisayo, amandla owesilisa - ngokuqondile ubudoda, ngoba igama elibi elithi "umdlalo wabesifazane" njengoba lisetshenziswe kuwo alifanelekile neze. Yebo, imihlangano no-Annie Fischer ihlala isenkumbulweni yami isikhathi eside. Ngoba ebusweni bakhe akuwona nje umculi, kodwa omunye wabantu abagqama kakhulu kwezobuciko besimanje.

Amakhono opiyano ka-Annie Fischer mahle. Uphawu lwakhe alukona nje kuphela futhi alulona ukuphelela kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ikhono lomdwebi lokuhlanganisa kalula imibono yakhe ngemisindo. I-tempos enembile, ehlale ilungisiwe, umuzwa ojulile wesigqi, ukuqonda amandla angaphakathi kanye nengqondo yokuthuthukiswa komculo, ikhono "lokuqopha isimo" socezu olwenziwayo - lezi izinzuzo ezitholakala kuwo ngokugcwele. . Ake sengeze lapha umsindo “ovulekile” onegazi eligcwele, othi, njengokungathi, ugcizelela ubulula kanye nemvelo yesitayela sakhe sokwenza, ukunotha kwezigaba eziguqukayo, ukucwazimula kwe-timbre, ukuthambile kokuthinta kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo ...

Sesikushilo konke lokhu, asikakafiki esicini esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo sobuciko bomdlali wepiyano, ubuhle bakhe. Ngayo yonke inhlobonhlobo yezincazelo zayo, ihlanganiswa iphimbo elinamandla eliqinisekisa ukuphila, elinethemba. Lokhu akusho ukuthi u-Annie Fischer akajwayelene nedrama, izingxabano ezibukhali, imizwa ejulile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kusemculweni, ogcwele umdlandla wothando nezinkanuko ezinkulu, lapho ithalenta lakhe lembulwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimiso esisebenzayo, esiqinile, sokuhlela sikhona njalo emdlalweni womculi, uhlobo "lokukhokhiswa okuhle" okuletha ubuntu bakhe.

I-repertoire ka-Annie Fischer ayibanzi kakhulu, ukwahlulela ngamagama abaqambi. Ulinganisela kuphela emisebenzini yobuciko yakudala neyothando. Okuhlukile, mhlawumbe, izingoma ezimbalwa zikaDebussy kanye nomculo wakubo u-Bela Bartok (uFischer wayengomunye wabadlali bokuqala bekhonsathi yakhe yesiThathu). Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, endaweni yakhe ekhethiwe, udlala yonke into noma cishe yonke into. Uphumelela ngokukhethekile ekuqanjweni kwesilinganiso esikhulu - amakhonsathi, i-sonatas, imijikelezo yokuhlukahluka. Ukuvezwa okukhulu ngokwedlulele, ukushuba kokuhlangenwe nakho, okufinyelelwe ngaphandle kokuthintwa nokuncane imizwa noma imikhuba, kumake incazelo yakhe yezakudala - uHaydn noMozart. Akukho unqenqema olulodwa lwemyuziyamu, i-stylization "ngaphansi kwenkathi" lapha: konke kugcwele ukuphila, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela, kulinganiswe, kuvinjelwe. I-Schubert yefilosofi ejulile kanye nama-Brahms ahloniphekile, i-Mendelssohn emnene kanye ne-Chopin yobuqhawe bakha ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zakhe. Kodwa impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu yomculi ihlotshaniswa nokuchazwa kwemisebenzi kaLiszt noSchumann. Wonke umuntu ojwayele ukutolika kwakhe ikhonsathi yepiyano, i-Carnival ne-Schumann's Symphonic Etudes noma i-Sonata ka-Liszt ku-B encane, akakwazanga ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokuncoma ububanzi nokuvevezela kokudlala kwakhe. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, elinye igama lengeziwe lengezwe kulawa magama - uBeethoven. Ngama-70s, umculo wakhe uthatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kumakhonsathi kaFischer, futhi incazelo yakhe yemidwebo emikhulu ye-giant yaseViennese ijula ​​futhi ibe namandla kakhulu. Isazi somculo sase-Austria u-X. Wirth sabhala: “Umdlalo wakhe ka-Beethoven mayelana nokucaca kwemibono kanye nokuthonya kokudluliselwa kwedrama yomculo ngendlela esheshayo futhi eheha umlaleli. Futhi umagazini we-Music and Music waphawula ngemuva kwekhonsathi yomculi eLondon: "Ukuhumusha kwakhe kugqugquzelwa imibono ephakeme kakhulu yomculo, futhi lolo hlobo olukhethekile lwempilo engokomzwelo alubonisayo, ngokwesibonelo, ku-adagio evela ku-Pathetique noma i-Moonlight Sonata, kubonakala sengathi. ukuya eminyakeni eminingana yokukhanya ngaphambi “kwezinhlamvu” zamanothi zanamuhla.

Nokho, umsebenzi wobuciko kaFischer waqala ngoBeethoven. Waqala eBudapest eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Kwakungo-1922 lapho intombazane yaqala ukubonakala esiteji, yenza i-Concerto yokuqala kaBeethoven. Waqashelwa, wathola ithuba lokufunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha abadumile. E-Academy of Music, abeluleki bakhe kwakungu-Arnold Szekely kanye nomqambi nomshayi wepiyano ovelele uJerno Donany. Kusukela ngo-1926, uFischer ubengumsebenzi wekhonsathi ojwayelekile, ngawo lowo nyaka athatha uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ngaphandle kwaseHungary - ukuya eZurich, okwasho ukuqala kokuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi ukunqoba kwakhe emqhudelwaneni wokuqala Wepiyano Wamazwe Ngamazwe eBudapest, uF. Liszt (1933), wahlanganisa ukunqoba kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Annie waqala ukuzwa abaculi abenza umbono ongenakucimeka kuye futhi baba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwakhe kwezobuciko - S. Rachmaninoff no-E. Fischer.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, u-Annie Fischer wakwazi ukubalekela eSweden, futhi ngemva nje kokuxoshwa kwamaNazi, wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, waqala ukufundisa e-Liszt Higher School of Music futhi ngo-1965 wathola isihloko sokuba uprofesa. Umsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi enkathini yangemva kwempi uthole ububanzi obubanzi kakhulu futhi wamlethela uthando lwezithameli nokuqashelwa okuningi. Izikhathi ezintathu - ngo-1949, 1955 no-1965 - waklonyeliswa uMklomelo we-Kossuth. Futhi ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe lakubo, ubizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi inxusa lobuciko baseHungary.

… Ngentwasahlobo ka-1948, u-Annie Fischer wafika okokuqala ezweni lethu njengengxenye yeqembu lamaciko avela e-Hungary. Ekuqaleni, ukusebenza kwamalungu aleli qembu kwenzeka ezitudiyo ze-House of Radio Broadcasting and Sound Recording. Kulapho u-Annie Fischer enza khona enye “yezinombolo zomqhele” werepertoire yakhe – Ikhonsathi kaSchumann. Wonke umuntu owayekhona ehholo noma owezwa ukudlala emsakazweni wayekhangwe ikhono nokujabulisa okungokomoya kwalo mdlalo. Ngemva kwalokho wamenywa ukuba ahlanganyele ekhonsathini esiteji seHholo lamakholomu. Izilaleli zamnika ihlombe elide elishisayo, wadlala kaningi - uBeethoven, uSchubert, uChopin, uLiszt, uMendelssohn, uBartok. Kwaqala kanjalo-ke ukujwayelana kwezilaleli zaseSoviet ngobuciko buka-Annie Fischer, umuntu engijwayelene naye owaphawula ukuqala kobungane obude nobuhlala njalo. Ngo-1949, wayesevele enikeza ikhonsathi eyedwa eMoscow, wabe esedlala izikhathi eziningi, enza inqwaba yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene emadolobheni ahlukene ezwe lethu.

Umsebenzi ka-Annie Fischer kusukela ngaleso sikhathi udonse ukunakwa kwabagxeki baseSoviet, uye wahlaziywa ngokucophelela emakhasini ethu ochwepheshe ngochwepheshe abahamba phambili. Ngamunye wabo wathola emdlalweni wakhe oseduze kakhulu naye, izici ezikhangayo kakhulu. Abanye bakhethe ukunotha kwephalethi yomsindo, abanye - uthando namandla, abanye - imfudumalo kanye nobubele bobuciko bakhe. Yiqiniso, ukutuswa lapha kwakunemibandela. D. Rabinovich, isibonelo, ekwazisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwakhe kukaHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, ngokungalindelekile wazama ukungabaza idumela lakhe njenge-Schumanist, eveza umbono wokuthi ukudlala kwakhe "akunaso ukujula kothando kwangempela", ukuthi "injabulo yakhe imane yangaphandle”, futhi isikali ezindaweni siphenduka sibe isiphetho ngokwaso. Ngalesi sisekelo, umgxeki waphetha mayelana nemvelo emibili yobuciko bukaFischer: kanye ne-classicism, i-lyricism kanye nokuphupha nakho kungokwemvelo kuwo. Ngakho-ke, isazi somculo esihlonishwayo siphawule iciko njengommeleli “womkhuba omelene nezothando.” Nokho, kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuyingxabano yamagama, engabonakali, ngoba ubuciko bukaFischer empeleni bugcwele igazi kangangokuthi abuhambisani nombhede we-Procrustean wendlela ethile. Futhi umuntu angavumelana kuphela nombono womunye uchwepheshe wokudlala upiyano u-K. Adzhemov, owapenda isithombe esilandelayo somdlali wopiyano waseHungary: “Ubuciko buka-Annie Fischer, obunothando ngokwemvelo, bungokoqobo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo buhlangene namasiko. kusukela ku-F. Liszt. Ukuqagela kuyinto engavamile ekusebenzeni kwakho, nakuba isisekelo sakho siwumbhalo wombhali ocwaningwe ngokujulile nangokubanzi. Upiyano lukaFischer luguquguquka futhi luthuthuke ngendlela eyisimanga. Okuhlaba umxhwele ngokulinganayo yindlela eshiwoyo ecolekileyo kanye ne-chord. Umdlali wepiyano, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthinta ikhibhodi, uzwa isithombe somsindo, bese, njengokungathi uqopha umsindo, uzuza ukuhlukahluka kwe-timbre ecacile. Ngokuqondile, iphendula ngokuzwela kukho konke ukuguquguquka kwephimbo, ukushintshashintsha kwephimbo, ukuguquka kokuphefumula okunesigqi, kanye nezincazelo ezithile zakhona zixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nakho konke. Ekusebenzeni kuka-A. Fischer, kokubili i-cantilena ekhangayo kanye nenjabulo ye-oratorical kanye nama-pathos ayaheha. Ikhono lomdwebi lizibonakalisa ngamandla athile ezingoma ezigcwele imizwa emihle. Encazelweni yakhe, ingqikithi yomculo engaphakathi kwembulwa. Ngakho-ke, izingoma ezifanayo kuye isikhathi ngasinye zizwakala ngendlela entsha. Futhi lesi esinye sezizathu zokuntula isineke esilindele imihlangano emisha nobuciko bakhe.

Lawa mazwi, akhulunywa ekuqaleni kwawo-70s, ahlala eyiqiniso kuze kube namuhla.

U-Annie Fischer wenqabile ngokwehlukana ukukhulula okurekhodiwe okwenziwe phakathi namakhonsathi akhe, esho ukungapheleli kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, naye ubengafuni ukuqopha estudiyo, echaza ukuthi noma yikuphi ukutolika okudalwe ngaphandle kwezilaleli ezibukhoma kuzoba okokwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-1977, wachitha iminyaka engu-15 esebenza ezitudiyo, esebenza ekuqopheni wonke ama-sonatas kaBeethoven, umjikelezo ongakaze ukhululwe kuye ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Nokho, ngemva kokushona kuka-Annie Fischer, izingxenye eziningi zalo msebenzi zatholakala kubalaleli futhi zaziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe bomculo we-classic.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990