Umlando we-saxophone
Kucatshangelwa enye yezinsimbi zethusi ezidumile saxophone. Umlando we-saxophone uneminyaka engaba ngu-150 ubudala. Leli thuluzi lasungulwa ngu-Antoine-Joseph Sax owazalwa eBelgium, owaziwa ngokuthi u-Adolphe Sax, ngo-1842. Ekuqaleni, i-saxophone yayisetshenziswa kuphela emaqenjini ezempi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abaqambi abanjengoJ. Bizet, M. Ravel, SV Rachmaninov, AK Glazunov no-AI Khachaturian baba nesithakazelo kule nsimbi. Insimbi yomculo yayingeyona ingxenye ye-symphony orchestra. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, lapho ekhala, wengeza imibala ecebile emculweni. Ngekhulu le-18, i-saxophone yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngesitayela se-jazz.
Lapho kwakhiwa i-saxophone, kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezinjengethusi, isiliva, iplatinamu noma igolide. Isakhiwo sonke se-saxophone sifana ne-clarinet. Insimbi inezimbobo zomsindo ezingu-24 namavalvu angu-2 akhiqiza i-octave. Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziyisi-7 zalesi sisetshenziswa zisetshenziswa embonini yomculo. Phakathi kwabo, ethandwa kakhulu yi-alto, i-soprano, i-baritone ne-tenor. Uhlobo ngalunye luzwakala ebangeni elihlukile ukusuka ku-C - flat ukuya ku-Fa we-octave yesithathu. I-saxophone ine-timbre ehlukile, efana nomsindo wezinsimbi zomculo kusukela ku-oboe kuya ku-clarinet.
Ebusika ngo-1842, u-Sachs, ehlezi ekhaya, wabeka umlomo we-clarinet ku-ophicleide futhi wazama ukudlala. Ezwa amanothi okuqala, waliqamba igama lakhe. Ngokweminye imibiko, u-Sachs usungule ithuluzi esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalolu suku. Kodwa umsunguli ngokwakhe akazange ashiye noma yimaphi amarekhodi.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokusungulwa, wahlangana nomqambi omkhulu uHector Berlioz. Ukuze ahlangane noSachs, weza ngokukhethekile eParis. Ngaphezu kokuhlangana nomqambi, wayefuna ukwethula umphakathi womculo ngensimbi entsha. Ezwa umsindo, uBerlioz wajabula nge-saxophone. Insimbi yayikhiqiza imisindo engavamile kanye ne-timbre. Umqambi akazange ezwe i-timbre enjalo kunoma yiziphi izinsimbi ezitholakalayo. USachs wamenywa nguBerlioz endaweni yokugcina izivivinyo. Ngemva kokudlala insimbi yakhe entsha phambi kwabaculi ababekhona, wanikezwa ngokushesha ukuthi adlale i-bass clarinet ku-orchestra, kodwa akazange alidlale.
Umsunguli wadala i-saxophone yokuqala ngokuxhuma icilongo eliyindilinga nomhlanga we-clarinet. 
I-oboe valve mechanism yengezwe kubo. Iziphetho zensimbi zazigobile futhi zibukeka njengohlamvu S. I-saxophone yayihlanganisa umsindo wezinsimbi zethusi nezinsimbi zokhuni.
Phakathi nokukhula kwakhe, wabhekana nezithiyo eziningi. Ngawo-1940, lapho ubuNazi bubusa eJalimane, umthetho wenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwe-saxophone eqenjini le-orchestra. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-saxophone ithathe indawo ebalulekile phakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezidume kakhulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, insimbi yaba "inkosi yomculo we-jazz."
