Umlando we-oboe

I-oboe yedivayisi. I-oboe iyinsimbi yomculo yokhuni. Igama lensimbi livela ku-"haubois", okusho ngesiFulentshi ukuphakama, ukhuni. Inomumo weshubhu le-conical shape, ubude be-60 cm, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezi-3: amadolo angaphezulu naphansi, kanye nensimbi. Inesistimu ye-valve evula futhi ivale izimbobo zokudlala ezingu-24-25 ezibhojwe ezindongeni ze-oboe yokhuni. Edolweni elingenhla kukhona umoba (ulimi), ijeneretha yomsindo. Lapho kushaywa umoya, amapuleti omhlanga angu-2 ayandindizela, amelela ulimi olukabili, futhi ikholomu yomoya ekwishubhu iyandindizela, okuholela emsindweni. I-oboe d'amore, bassoon, contrabassoon, uphondo lwesiNgisi nalo lunomhlanga ophindwe kabili, ngokungafani ne-clarinet enomhlanga owodwa. Inothile, emnandi, nekhala kancane.

Okubalulekile kwe-oboe. Izinto eziyinhloko zokwenziwa kwe-oboe yi-ebony yase-Afrika. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zezihlahla ezingavamile (isihlahla “esinsomi”, i-cocobolo). Intsha yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe iyithuluzi elenziwe ngento esekelwe kumpushana we-ebony kanye nokwengezwa kwe-carbon fiber engamaphesenti angu-5. Ithuluzi elinjalo lilula, lishibhile, aliphenduli kancane ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Ama-oboes okuqala enziwe ngoqalo olungenalutho namashubhu omhlanga. Kamuva, i-beech, i-boxwood, i-pear, i-rosewood ngisho nezinyo lendlovu kwasetshenziswa njengezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ekhulwini le-19, ngokwanda kwenani lezimbobo nama-valve, kwakudingeka impahla enamandla. Baphenduka inkabi.

Ukuvela nokuvela kwe-oboe. Okhokho be-oboe babeyizinsimbi eziningi zabantu ezaziwa esintwini kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Phakathi kwalesi setha: i-aulos yamaGreki yasendulo, i-tibia yamaRoma, i-zurna yasePheresiya, i-gaita. Ithuluzi elidala kakhulu lalolu hlobo, elitholakala ethuneni lenkosi yaseSumeri, lineminyaka engaphezu kuka-4600 ubudala. Yayingumtshingo ophindwe kabili, eyenziwe ngamapayipi esiliva anemihlanga emibili. Izinsimbi zesikhathi sakamuva yi-musette, i-cor anglais, i-baroque ne-baritone oboe. Amatshali, ama-krumhorns, ama-bagpipes avela ngasekupheleni kweRenaissance. I-oboe ne-bassoon zandulelwa ishali ne-pommer. I-oboe yesimanje yathola uhlobo lwayo lwangempela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 eFrance ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kweshali. Yiqiniso, wayenezimbobo eziyisi-6 kuphela nama-valve angu-2. Ngekhulu le-19, ngenxa yesistimu ye-Boehm yemimoya yokhuni, i-oboe nayo yakhiwa kabusha. Izinguquko zithinte inani lezimbobo kanye nendlela yevalvu yensimbi. Kusukela ngekhulu le-18, i-oboe iye yanda eYurophu; abaqambi abangcono kakhulu bangaleso sikhathi bayibhalela, okuhlanganisa no-JS Bach, GF Handel, A. Vivaldi. U-Oboe usebenzisa emisebenzini yakhe u-VA Mozart, G. Berlioz. E-Russia, kusukela ngekhulu le-18, isetshenziswe nguM. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky nabanye abaqambi abadumile. Ikhulu le-18 libhekwa njengenkathi yegolide ye-oboe.

Oboe esikhathini sethu. Namuhla, njengamakhulu amabili eminyaka edlule, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga umculo ngaphandle kwe-timbre eyingqayizivele ye-oboe. Udlala njengensimbi yomculo eyedwa emculweni wegumbi, izwakala kahle ku-orchestra ye-symphony, i-inimitable ku-orchestra yomoya, iyinsimbi ezwakalayo kakhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi zomdabu, isetshenziswa njengensimbi eyedwa ngisho naku-jazz. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zama-obo i-oboe d'amore, i-timbre yayo ethambile yakhanga u-Bach, u-Strauss, u-Debussy; insimbi eyedwa ye-symphony orchestra - uphondo lwesiNgisi; encane emndenini we-oboe yi-musette.