Umlando wesiginci

I-Guitar iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo ethandwayo. Ingasetshenziswa njengensimbi ehambisanayo noma eyedwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomculo.

Umlando wokubukeka kwesiginci ubuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka, izinkulungwane zeminyaka BC. Esinye sezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezindala kunazo zonke kwakuyi-kinor yaseSumeri naseBhabhiloni, okukhulunywa ngayo eBhayibhelini. EGibhithe lasendulo, izinsimbi ezifanayo zazisetshenziswa: i-nabla, i-zither ne-nefer, kuyilapho amaNdiya ayevame ukusebenzisa iwayini ne-sitar. ERussia yasendulo, babedlala ihabhu elaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu kusukela ezinganekwaneni, naseGrisi naseRoma lasendulo - ama-kitars. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-cithara asendulo kufanele abhekwe “njengamadlozi” esiginci.

Izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo eziningi ezihlutshiwe ngaphambi kokufika kwesiginci zazinomzimba oyindilinga nentamo ende enezintambo ezingu-3-4 phezu kwaso. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-3, amathuluzi e-ruan ne-yueqin avela eShayina, umzimba wawo owakhiwe ngamabhodi amabili omsindo namagobolondo ayewaxhuma.

Abantu baseYurophu babethanda izinto ezisungulwe abantu base-Asia Yasendulo. Baqala ukusungula izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezintsha. Ekhulwini le-6, izinsimbi zokuqala zavela ezizwakala njengesiginci sesimanje: ama-Moorish namaLatin guitar, ama-lutes, futhi emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva kwavela i-vihuela, okwathi ngesimo saba yi-prototype yokuqala yesiginci.

Ngenxa yokusabalala kwensimbi kulo lonke elaseYurophu, igama elithi “isiginci” libe nezinguquko ezinkulu. E-Greece yasendulo, "isiginci" sasinegama elithi "kithara", elathuthela eSpain ngokuthi "cithara" lesiLatini, lase-Italy ngokuthi "chitarra", futhi kamuva elithi "gitar" lavela eFrance naseNgilandi. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwensimbi yomculo ebizwa ngokuthi "isiginci" kuhlehlela emuva ngekhulu le-13.

Ngekhulu le-15, kwasungulwa insimbi enezintambo ezinhlanu eziphindwe kabili eSpain. Insimbi enjalo yayibizwa ngokuthi isiginci saseSpain futhi yaba uphawu lomculo lwaseSpain. Yayihlukaniswa nesiginci sesimanje ngomzimba omude kanye nesilinganiso esincane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, isiginci saseSpain saqala ukubukeka sesiphelile kanye nenqwaba yezingcezu okufanele sizidlale, sisizwa umshayi wesigingci wase-Italy uMauro Giuliani.Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, umenzi wesiginci waseSpain u-Antonio Torres wathuthukisa isiginci ukuze sibe nesimo nobukhulu baso besimanje. Lolu hlobo lwesiginci lwaziwa ngokuthi iziginci zakudala.

Isiginci se-classical savela eRussia ngenxa yabaseSpain abavakashela leli zwe. Ngokuvamile isiginci sasilethwa njengesikhumbuzo futhi kwakunzima ukusithola, zazivela ezindlini ezicebile kuphela futhi zilenga odongeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela amakhosi aseSpain aqala ukwenza iziginci eRussia.

Umculi wokuqala odumile waseRussia kwakunguNikolai Petrovich Makarov, owazama ukuhlela umncintiswano wokuqala wegitala emhlabeni wonke ngo-1856 eRussia, kodwa umqondo wakhe wawubhekwa njengenqaba futhi wenqatshwa. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Nikolai Petrovich wayesakwazi ukuhlela umncintiswano, kodwa hhayi eRussia, kodwa eDublin.

Ngemva kokuvela eRussia, isiginci sathola imisebenzi emisha: intambo eyodwa yanezelwa, tuning isiginci kwashintshwa. Isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi isiginci saseRussia. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lesi siginci sasithandwa hhayi eRussia kuphela, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ukuthandwa kwayo kwehla, futhi eRussia baqala ukudlala isiginci esivamile kaningi. Njengamanje, iziginci zaseRussia azivamile.

Ngokufika kwepiyano, isithakazelo esigincini saqala ukuncipha, kodwa kakade phakathi nekhulu lama-20 sabuya ngenxa yokubukeka kweziginci zikagesi.

Isiginci sokuqala sikagesi sadalwa ngu-Rickenbacker ngo-1936. Sasenziwe ngomzimba wensimbi futhi sasinama-pickups kazibuthe. Ngo-1950, u-Les Paul wasungula isiginci sikagesi sokuqala sokhuni, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana wadlulisela amalungelo ombono wakhe ku-Leo Fender, njengoba ayengasekelwe yinkampani ayesebenza kuyo. Manje idizayini yesiginci sikagesi ibukeka ifana neyangeminyaka yawo-1950 futhi ayizange ibe noshintsho olulodwa.