Zdeněk Chalabala |

Zdenek Chalabala

Abantu bakubo babiza uHalabala ngokuthi "umngane womculo waseRussia". Futhi ngempela, nomaphi lapho umculi esebenze khona iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wakhe njengomqhubi, umculo waseRussia ubulokhu uphakathi kokunaka kwakhe kanye nomculo wesiCzech nesiSlovak.

UHalabala wayengumqhubi we-opera owazalwa. Wafika eshashalazini ngo-1924 futhi waqala wema endaweni yesikhulumi edolobheni elincane Ugreshski Hradiste. Owathola iziqu eBrno Conservatory, umfundi kaL. Janáček noF. Neumann, wabonisa amakhono akhe ngokushesha, eqhuba kokubili enkundleni yemidlalo nasemakhonsathini e-Slovak Philharmonic eyasungulwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe. Kusukela ngo-1925, waqala ukusebenza eBrno Folk Theatre, kamuva waba umqhubi oyinhloko.

Ngalesi sikhathi, hhayi kuphela isitayela sokudala somqhubi esanqunywa, kodwa futhi nesiqondiso somsebenzi wakhe: wenza ama-opera ka-Dvořák noFibich eBrno, wakhuthaza ngamandla umsebenzi kaL. Janáček, waphendukela emculweni wabaqambi besimanje. - Novak, Förster, E. Schulhoff, B. Martina, kuya kuma-classics aseRussia ("I-Snow Maiden", "Prince Igor", "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina", "The Tsar's Bride", "Kitezh"). Indima enkulu esiphethweni sakhe yadlalwa umhlangano noChaliapin, umqhubi obiza omunye wabo "othisha bangempela": ngo-1931, umculi waseRussia wavakashela eBrno, enza ingxenye kaBoris.

Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, esebenza ndawonye noV. Talich ePrague National Theatre, uHalabala wayeqondiswa imigomo efanayo. Ngokuhambisana nezingasoze zabuna zesi-Czech nesiRashiya, wenza ama-opera ka-B. Vomachka, M. Krejci, I. Zelinka, F. Shkroupa.

Ukudlondlobala komsebenzi kaHalabala kwafika esikhathini sangemva kwempi. Wayengumqhubi omkhulu wemidlalo yeshashalazi enkulu kunazo zonke eCzechoslovakia - e-Ostrava (1945-1947), Brno (1949-1952), Bratislava (1952-1953) futhi, ekugcineni, kusukela ngo-1953 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, wahola iNational Theatre. ePrague. Imikhiqizo emihle kakhulu yasendulo yasekhaya neyaseRussia, ama-opera esimanje njenge-Svyatopluk ka-Sukhonya kanye ne-Prokofiev's Tale of a Real Man, ilethe ukuqashelwa okufanele i-Halabala.

Umqhubi uye wenza ngokuphindaphindiwe phesheya - eYugoslavia, ePoland, eMpumalanga Jalimane, e-Italy. Ngo-1 waya e-USSR okokuqala ngqa ne-Prague National Theatre, eqhuba i-Smetana ethi The Bartered Bride kanye ne-Rusalka ka-Dvořák. Futhi eminyakeni emibili kamuva wavakashela eMoscow Bolshoi Theatre, lapho abamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni "Boris Godunov", "The Taming of the Shrew" nguShebalin, "indodakazi yakhe yokutholwa" nguJanacek naseLeningrad - "The Mermaid" nguDvorak. . Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe yabizwa ngomshini waseMoscow "isenzakalo esibalulekile empilweni yomculo"; abagxeki batusa umsebenzi “weciko elicashile ngempela nelizwelayo” “elakhanga izilaleli ngencazelo egculisayo.”

Izici ezinhle kakhulu zethalente lika-Halabala - ukujula nobuhlakani, ububanzi obubanzi, ubukhulu bemiqondo - ziyabonakala futhi ekurekhodeni awashiyile, okuhlanganisa ne-opera ethi “Whirlpool” kaSukhonya, “Sharka” kaFibich, “Devil and Kacha” kaDvorak kanye ezinye, futhi ezenziwe e-USSR zaqoshwa i-opera ka-V. Shebalin ethi “The Taming of the Shrew”.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek