Ikhalenda lomculo - Novemba

Inyanga yokugcina yasekwindla, inkomba yobusika, uNovemba yembulele umhlaba abaculi abaningi abamangalisayo: abaqambi abahlakaniphile, abadlali abanamakhono, nothisha. Le nyanga ayizange isongwe yimidlalo yokuqala esezingeni eliphezulu eyenza abantu bakhulume ngabo iminyaka eminingi ngisho namakhulu eminyaka.

Umculo wabo ungunaphakade

Usaziwayo “omncane” owazalwa ngoNovemba 10, 1668, kwakunguFrancois Couperin. Ummeleli wozalo lwabaculi abaziwayo, wenza igama laduma. Isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele se-harpsichord siyakuthakasela ukucolisiswa, umusa nokucwengwa kwayo. I-rondo yakhe nokuhluka kwakhe ngokuqinisekile kuzofakwa ohlwini lwekhonsathi yabadlali abahamba phambili.

NgoNovemba 12, 1833, emhlabeni wabonakala emhlabeni umuntu ovelele, umqambi ohlakaniphile, usosayensi onekhono, uthisha, u-Alexander Borodin. Emsebenzini wakhe, kokubili ububanzi bobuqhawe kanye nezingoma ezicashile kuhlangene ngokwendalo. Uthando lwakhe lwesayensi nomculo lwaheha futhi lwabuthana eduze komqambi abantu abaningi abamangalisayo: abaqambi, ososayensi, ababhali.

F. Couperin - "Izithiyo Ezingaqondakali" - ucezu lwe-harpsichord

NgoNovemba 16, 1895, uPaul Hindemith wazalwa, owokuqala wekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ongagcini nje ngokuqamba kuphela, kodwa nasobuciko bomculo uwonke. I-Theorist, umqambi, uthisha, i-violist, imbongi (umbhali wemibhalo eminingi yendalo yakhe) - wakwazi ukumboza cishe zonke izinhlobo zomculo emsebenzini wakhe, engakhohlwa izingane. Wabhala ama-solo cishe kuzo zonke izinsimbi ze-orchestra. Abantu besikhathi samanje bayakufakazela ukuthi umqambi angaba nanoma iyiphi ingxenye emisebenzini ayibhalayo. I-Hindemith yayingumhloli omkhulu emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo, izitayela, imibala ye-orchestra.

NgoNovemba 18, 1786, kwazalwa umgqugquzeli wesikhathi esizayo we-opera yaseJalimane, uCarl Maria von Weber. Wazalelwa emndenini weqembu le-opera, lo mfana wathatha zonke izinto ezicashile zalolu hlobo kusukela ebuntwaneni, wadlala izinsimbi eziningi, futhi wayethanda ukudweba. Lapho ikhula, le nsizwa yasebenza ezindlini eziningana ezihamba phambili ze-opera. Nguye owaphakamisa isimiso esisha sokubeka i-orchestra ye-opera - ngamaqembu ezinsimbi. Ubambe iqhaza ngokungaguquki kuzo zonke izigaba zokulungiswa komdlalo. Wenza izinguquko ngendlela ehlelekile, washintsha inqubomgomo ye-repertoire, wenza ama-opera aseJalimane naseFrance esikhundleni semisebenzi eminingi yamaNtaliyane. Umphumela womsebenzi wakhe wokuguqula kwaba ukuzalwa kwe-opera ethi "Magic Shooter".

NgoNovemba 25, 1856, eVladimir, kwavela umfana emndenini ohloniphekile, kamuva owaba isazi somculo esidumile nomqambi, uSergei Taneyev. Umfundi othandekayo nomngane ka-PI Tchaikovsky, uTaneyev wazikhandla emfundweni yakhe, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokulinganayo, wayengumqambi kanye nothisha, echitha isikhathi esiningi ekuqeqesheni umculo kanye nethiyori yabafundi bakhe. Wakhulisa wonke umthala osaziwayo, kuhlanganise Sergei Rachmaninov, Reinhold Gliere, Nikolai Medtner, Alexander Skriabin.

Ngasekupheleni kwenyanga, ngoNovemba 28, 1829, umhlaba wabona umhleli wesikhathi esizayo wokuphila komculo eRussia, umqambi owakha ubuciko bobuciko, umdlali wopiyano ohlakaniphile, u-Anton Rubinstein. Izithombe zakhe zipendwe abaculi abangcono kakhulu baseRussia: Repin, Vrubel, Perov, Kramskoy. Izimbongi zanikela kuye izinkondlo. Isibongo sikaRubinstein sitholakala ezincwadini eziningi zabantu ababephila ngesikhathi. Wanikeza amakhonsathi njengomqhubi nomdlali wopiyano kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-USA, waphinde waqala ukuvulwa kweSt. Petersburg Conservatory yokuqala eRussia, ayihola ngokwakhe.

Bakhuthaza izizukulwane

NgoNovemba 14, 1924 kwazalwa i-violin virtuoso enkulu kunazo zonke, "i-Paganini yekhulu lama-XX" uLeonid Kogan. Umndeni wakhe wawungewona umculo, kodwa ngisho nalapho eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala umfana akazange alale uma i-violin yakhe yayingalele emcamelweni. Lapho esemusha oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, wenza iMoscow ikhulume ngaye. Ku-akhawunti yakhe - ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni emikhulu emhlabeni. U-A. Khachaturian waphawula ikhono elimangalisayo lomsebenzi womculi, isifiso sokwenza izingxenye ezinzima kakhulu ze-violin. Futhi ama-caprice angu-24 wePaganini, i-virtuoso eyenziwa ngu-Kogan, yajabulisa ngisho nabaprofesa abaqinile baseMoscow Conservatory.

NgoNovemba 15, 1806, e-Elisavetgrad (iKirovograd yanamuhla), kwazalwa umculi we-opera, owaba ngumdlali wokuqala wengxenye ka-Ivan Susanin ku-opera edumile kaM. Glinka, u-Osip Petrov. Imfundo yomculo yomfana yaqala ekwayeni yesonto. Amakholwa athintwe i-sound treble yakhe ecacile, kamuva eyaphenduka i-bass ewugqinsi. Umalume, okhulise ibhungu elineminyaka engu-14 ubudala, uphazamise izifundo zomculo. Nokho ithalenta lomfana alizange lihlale emthunzini. UMussorgsky wabiza uPetrov i-titan ephethe zonke izindima ezimangalisayo ku-opera yaseRussia emahlombe akhe.

NgoNovemba 1925, 15, i-ballerina enkulu kunazo zonke, umlobi, umlingisi, umdwebi wama-choreographer uMaya Plisetskaya wabonakala emhlabeni. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakungelula: abazali bakhe bawela ngaphansi kwezinga elibi lika-37. Intombazane yasindiswa ekhaya lezintandane ngu-anti wakhe, uShulamith Messerer, umdlali we-ballerina. Ukusekela kwakhe kwanquma umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo wengane. Ohambweni, uMaya Plisetskaya wahamba emhlabeni wonke. Futhi u-Odile noCarmen bakhe basalokhu bengenakuqhathaniswa kuze kube manje.

I-Premiere enomsindo

NgoNovemba 3, 1888, "Scheherazade" kaRimsky-Korsakov yenziwa ekhonsathini yokuqala yaseRussia eMhlanganweni Wezikhulu (ePetersburg). Kuqhutshwa umbhali. I-symphonic fantasy yabhalwa ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, nakuba umqambi wavuma kubangane ukuthi ekuqaleni umsebenzi wawuhamba kancane.

Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ngoNovemba 10, 18, i-opera eyodwa ka-Rimsky-Korsakov i-Mozart no-Salieri yaqala ukuboniswa esiteji se-Moscow Private Opera. Ingxenye yeSalieri yenziwa nguFyodor Chaliapin omkhulu. Umqambi wanikezela lo msebenzi enkumbulweni A. Dargomyzhsky.

NgoNovemba 22, 1928, "Bolero" kaM. Ravel yenziwa eParis. Impumelelo yayinkulu. Ngaphandle kokungabaza komqambi kanye nabangane bakhe, lo mculo waheha abalaleli futhi waba ngesinye sezigigaba ezibalulekile zekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Amanye amaqiniso

• NgoNovemba 6, 1911 kwazalwa u-Adolf Sax, odume ngokusungulwa kwe-saxophone.
• NgoNovemba 12, 1906, umculi omkhulu u-Enrico Caruso waqeda umsebenzi werekhodi, owathengisa amakhophi angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa.
• NgoNovemba 21, 1877, umsunguli uThomas Edison wabonisa idivayisi yokuqala yokurekhoda nokudlala umsindo - igilamafoni.

ULeonid Kogan udlala ingoma kaPaganini ethi “Cantabile”

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova