U-Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev (u-Alexander Alyabyev) |

Alexander Alyabyev

… Yonke into yomdabu iseduze nenhliziyo. Inhliziyo izizwa iphila Hhayi-ke, cula kanye, awu, qala: I-nightingale yami, i-nightingale yami! V. Domontovych

Leli thalente lalifuna ukwazi mayelana nokuzwela ngokomoya kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zezinhliziyo zabantu abaningi ezishaya izingoma zika-Alyabyev ... izidingo zezinhliziyo zabantu besikhathi sakhe... B. Asafiev

Kunabaqambi abazuza udumo nokungafi ngenxa yomsebenzi owodwa. Unjalo u-A. Alyabyev - umbhali wezothando ezidumile "I-Nightingale" emavesini ka-A. Delvig. Lolu thando luculwa emhlabeni wonke, izinkondlo nezindaba zinikezelwe kulo, lukhona ekuguquleni kwekhonsathi ka-M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, futhi inani lemibhalo yalo engenamagama alinamkhawulo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-Nightingale, u-Alyabyev washiya ifa elikhulu: ama-opera angu-6, i-ballet, i-vaudeville, umculo wemidlalo, i-symphony, ama-overtures, izingoma zebhendi yethusi, izingoma eziningi zama-choral, izinsimbi zegumbi, ezothando ezingaphezu kuka-180, izinhlelo zomculo. izingoma zomdabu. Eziningi zalezi zingoma zenziwa ngesikhathi sokuphila komqambi, zaphumelela, nakuba ezimbalwa zanyatheliswa - ezothando, izingcezu zepiyano eziningana, i-melodrama "Isiboshwa saseCaucasus" ngu-A. Pushkin.

Isiphetho Alyabyev kuyinto emangalisayo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi enqanyuliwe empilweni yomculo wemizi-dolobha, waphila futhi wafa ngaphansi kwejoka lethuna, icala elingenabulungiswa lokubulala, elaphula ukuphila kwakhe emngceleni wokuzalwa kwakhe kweminyaka engamashumi amane, ehlukanisa umlando wakhe waba yizinkathi ezimbili ezihlukene. . Eyokuqala yahamba kahle. Iminyaka yobuntwana yachithwa eTobolsk, umbusi wakhe owayenguyise ka-Alyabyev, indoda ekhanyisiwe, ekhululekile, umthandi omkhulu womculo. Ngo-1796, umndeni wathuthela eSt. Petersburg, lapho eneminyaka engu-14 u-Alexander wabhaliswa enkonzweni yomnyango wezimayini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izifundo zomculo ezinzima zaqala ngo-I. Miller, "umdlali odumile we-counterpoint" (M. Glinka), lapho abaculi abaningi baseRussia nabangaphandle bafunda khona ukuqamba. Kusukela ngo-1804, u-Alyabyev uhlala eMoscow, futhi lapha ngawo-1810. izingoma zakhe zokuqala zashicilelwa - ezothando, izingcezu zepiyano, i-First String Quartet yabhalwa (yashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1952). Lezi zingoma mhlawumbe ziyizibonelo zokuqala zomculo wezinsimbi nomculo wezwi laseRussia. Emphefumulweni wothando womqambi osemusha, izinkondlo zomzwelo zika-V. Zhukovsky zathola impendulo ekhethekile ngaleso sikhathi, kamuva zanikeza izinkondlo zikaPushkin, uDelvig, izimbongi zikaDecembrist, futhi ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe - N. Ogarev.

I-Patriotic War ka-1812 yabeka izithakazelo zomculo ngemuva. U-Alyabyev wavolontiya ebutho, walwa noDenis Davydov odumile, walimala, wanikezwa ama-oda amabili kanye nendondo. Ithemba lomsebenzi wezempi okhaliphile lavuleka phambi kwakhe, kodwa, engakulangazelela, u-Alyabyev washiya phansi ngo-1823. Ehlala ngokushintshana eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, wasondelana nezwe lobuciko lazo zombili lezi zihloko. Endlini yombhali wemidlalo u-A. Shakhovsky, wahlangana no-N. Vsevolozhsky, umhleli womphakathi wezincwadi we-Green Lamp; no-I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. EMoscow, kusihlwa no-A. Griboyedov, wayedlala umculo no-A. Verstovsky, abazalwane baseVielgorsky, uV. Odoevsky. U-Alyabyev wabamba iqhaza emakhonsathini njengomdlali wopiyano nomculi (i-tenor ebukekayo), waqamba okuningi futhi wazuza igunya elikhudlwana phakathi kwabaculi nabathandi bomculo. Eminyakeni yama-20s. I<em>vaudeville kaM. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev enomculo ka-Alyabyev yabonakala esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, kwathi ngo-1823 eSt. ihlelwe ngempumelelo enkulu (mahhala. P. Mukhanov kanye no-P. Arapova). … Ama-opera ka-Alyabyev awabi kakhulu kunemidlalo yamahlaya yaseFrance, – u-Odoevsky wabhala kwesinye sezihloko zakhe.

Ngo-February 24, 1825, kwagadla inhlekelele: phakathi nomdlalo wekhadi endlini ka-Alyabyev, kwaba nengxabano enkulu, omunye wabahlanganyeli bayo wafa ngokuzumayo. Ngendlela eyinqaba, u-Alyabyev wasolwa ngokufa futhi, ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala leminyaka emithathu, wadingiselwa eSiberia. Ukuzulazula isikhathi eside kwaqala: iTobolsk, iCaucasus, i-Orenburg, iKolomna ...

…Intando yakho isusiwe, Ikheji likhiywe ngokuqinile Oh, sorry, nightingale yethu, I-nightingale enomsindo... U-Delvig wabhala.

“… Ningaphili ngokuthanda kwenu, kodwa njengokuyala kukaNkulunkulu; akekho oke wabhekana nezinto eziningi njengami, isoni ... ”Udade u-Ekaterina kuphela, owalandela umfowabo ngokuzithandela ekudingisweni, nomculo awukhonzile owasinda ekuphelelweni yithemba. Ekudingisweni, u-Alyabyev wahlela i-choir futhi wenza amakhonsathi. Ehamba esuka endaweni eyodwa eya kwenye, waqopha izingoma zabantu baseRussia - eCaucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, wasebenzisa izingoma zabo kanye nezwi kwezothando. Kanye nesazi-mlando sase-Ukraine kanye ne-folklorist uM. Maksimovich Alyabiev bahlanganisa iqoqo elithi "Voices of Ukrainian Songs" (1834) futhi labhalwa njalo. Wabhala umculo ngisho esejele: ngesikhathi esaphenywa, wakha elinye lama-quartets akhe angcono kakhulu - Okwesithathu, ngokuhlukahluka kwendikimba ye-Nightingale engxenyeni ehamba kancane, kanye ne-Magic Drum ballet, engazange ishiye isiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseRussia. iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izici ze-autobiographical zibonakala ngokucacile nakakhulu emsebenzini ka-Alyabyev. Izisusa zokuhlupheka nozwelo, isizungu, ukukhumbula ikhaya, isifiso senkululeko - lezi yizici zezithombe zenkathi yokudingiswa (i-romances "Irtysh" ku-st. I. Vetter - 1828, "Evening Bells", on the st. I. Kozlov (kusuka T. Mura) - 1828, "Umgwaqo Wasebusika" esiteshini sasePushkin - 1831). Ukudideka kwengqondo okunamandla kwabangelwa umhlangano wengozi nomuntu owayengumthandi u-E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Isithombe sakhe sigqugquzele umqambi ukuthi enze enye yezingoma zothando ezihamba phambili "Ngakuthanda" ku-st. I-Pushkin. Ngo-1840, ngemva kokuba umfelokazi, u-Ofrosimova waba umka-Alyabyev. Ngama-40s. U-Alyabyev waba seduze no-N. Ogarev. Ezindaweni zothando ezidalwe ezinkondlweni zakhe - "I-Tavern", "I-Hut", "I-Village Watchman" - ingqikithi yokungalingani kwezenhlalakahle yaqala ukuzwakala, ilindele ukusesha kuka-A. Dargomyzhsky kanye noM. Mussorgsky. Imizwa yokuhlubuka nayo iyisici sezinhlelo ze-opera ezintathu zokugcina zika-Alyabyev: "Isiphepho" kaW. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" ka-A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin no-Oscar" ngezinganekwane zasendulo zamaCeltic. Ngakho, nakuba, ngokusho kuka-I. Aksakov, “ihlobo, ukugula namashwa kwamthulisa,” umoya wokuhlubuka wenkathi kaDecembrist awuzange uphele emisebenzini yomqambi kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

O. Averyanova