U-Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |

Lorin Maazel

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wayehlala ePittsburgh (USA). Umsebenzi wobuciko kaLorin Maazel uyamangalisa ngempela. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu usevele engumqhubi owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke one-repertoire engenamkhawulo, eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu uyinhloko ye-orchestra nemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseYurophu, umhlanganyeli obaluleke kakhulu emikhosini emikhulu oye wahamba emhlabeni wonke! Akunakwenzeka ukubiza esinye isibonelo sokusuka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi - emva kwakho konke, akunakuphikwa ukuthi umqhubi, njengomthetho, usevele wakhiwe eminyakeni yobudala evuthiwe. Iphi imfihlo yempumelelo ekhaliphile kangaka yalo mculi? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, okokuqala siphendukela ku-biography yakhe.

UMaazel wazalelwa eFrance; Igazi lesiDashi ligeleza emithanjeni yakhe, futhi, njengoba umqhubi ngokwakhe ethi, igazi lamaNdiya ... Mhlawumbe bekungeke kube iqiniso elincane ukusho ukuthi umculo nawo ugeleza emithanjeni yakhe - kunoma yikuphi, kusukela ebuntwaneni amakhono akhe ayemangalisa.

Ngenkathi umndeni uthuthela eNew York, u-Maazel, njengomfana oneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, waqhuba - ngobuchwepheshe obukhulu - i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra edumile ngesikhathi soMbukiso Womhlaba! Kodwa akazange acabange ukuhlala eyingane engafundile. Izifundo ezijulile ze-violin ngokushesha zamnika ithuba lokunikeza amakhonsathi futhi ngisho, eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, wathola i-quartet yakhe. Ukwenza umculo we-Chamber kwenza ukunambitheka okuntekenteke, kunwebe umbono womuntu; kodwa noMaazel akakhangwa wumsebenzi we-virtuoso. Waba umdlali wevayolini nePittsburgh Symphony Orchestra futhi, ngo-1949, waba ngumbhidisi wayo.

Ngakho, lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amabili, uMaazel wayesenolwazi lokudlala i-orchestra, nolwazi lwezincwadi, kanye nezinamathiselo zakhe zomculo. Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi endleleni wakwazi ukuthweswa iziqu eminyangweni zezibalo nefilosofi enyuvesi! Mhlawumbe lokhu kuthinte isithombe sokudala somqhubi: umoya wakhe ovuthayo, ongenakuvinjelwa uhlanganiswe nokuhlakanipha kwefilosofi yokuhumusha kanye nokuvumelana kwezibalo kwemiqondo.

Ngeminyaka yama-XNUMX, umsebenzi wobuciko ka-Maazel waqala, ungaphazamiseki futhi ukhula ngamandla. Ekuqaleni, wahamba lonke elaseMelika, wabe eseqala ukuza eYurophu kaningi, ukuze ahlanganyele emikhosini emikhulu - iSalzburg, iBayreuth nabanye. Ngokushesha, ukumangala ekuthuthukisweni kokuqala kwethalente lomculi kwaphenduka ukuqashelwa: uhlala emenywa ukuba aqhube ama-orchestra amahle kakhulu nemidlalo yaseshashalazini eYurophu - i-Vienna Symphonies, i-La Scala, lapho imidlalo yokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe ibanjwe ngokunqoba kwangempela.

Ngo-1963 uMaazel wafika eMoscow. Ikhonsathi yokuqala yomqhubi omncane, owaziwa kancane yenzelwa ehholo elingenalutho. Amathikithi amakhonsathi amane alandelayo adayiswe aphela ngaso leso sikhathi. Ubuciko obukhuthazayo bomqhubi, ikhono lakhe eliyivelakancane lokuguqula lapho enza umculo wezitayela nezinkathi ezihlukahlukene, okubonakala emisebenzini yobuciko efana ne-Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, i-Mahler's Second Symphony, i-Scriabin's Poem of Ecstasy, i-Prokofiev's Romeo noJuliet, yathatha izethameli. U-K. Kondrashin wabhala: “Iphuzu akuwona ubuhle bokunyakaza kombhidisi, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi umlaleli, ngenxa “yokufakwa kukagesi” kukaMaazel, ambukele, naye ufakiwe enqubweni yokudala, engena ngenkuthalo emhlabeni. wezithombe zomculo odlalwayo.” Abagxeki baseMoscow baphawula "ubunye obuphelele bomqhubi we-orchestra", "ukujula kokuqonda komqhubi wenhloso yombhali", "ukugcwala kokusebenza kwakhe ngamandla nokucebile kwemizwa, i-symphony yokucabanga". "Kuthinta ngokungenakuvinjelwa ukubukeka komqhubi, ethakathwa ngengokomoya lakhe lomculo kanye nobuciko obungavamile bobuciko," kubhala iphephandaba i-Sovetskaya Kultura. "Kunzima ukuthola noma yini echaza kakhulu kunezandla zika-Lorin Maazel: lokhu kuwumfanekiso onembile ngokungavamile womsindo noma osazozwakala umculo". Ukuvakasha okwalandela kukaMaazel e-USSR kwaqinisa ukuqashelwa kwakhe ezweni lakithi.

Ngemva nje kokufika kwakhe e-USSR, uMaazel wahola amaqembu amakhulu omculo okokuqala ngqa empilweni yakhe - waba umqondisi wezobuciko we-West Berlin City Opera kanye ne-West Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onzima awumvimbeli ukuthi aqhubeke nokuvakasha kakhulu, abambe iqhaza emikhosini eminingi, futhi aqophe amarekhodi. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva kuphela uqophe kumarekhodi wonke ama-symphonies kaTchaikovsky neVienna Symphony Orchestra, imisebenzi eminingi kaJS Bach (IMisa ku-B minor, amakhonsathi eBrandenburg, ama-suites), ama-symphonies kaBeethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Sibelius. , I-Spanish Capriccio ka-Rimsky-Korsakov, i-Respighi's Pines of Rome, izinkondlo eziningi ze-symphonic zika-R. Strauss, ezisebenza ngu-Mussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev… Awukwazi ukuklelisa zonke. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo, uMaazel wabuye wasebenza njengomqondisi we-opera house - eRoma wenza i-opera kaTchaikovsky ethi Eugene Onegin, nayo ayiqhuba.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969