Lev Nikolaevich Oborin |

Lev Oborin

U-Lev Nikolaevich Oborin wayengumculi wokuqala waseSoviet ukuzuza ukunqoba kokuqala emlandweni wobuciko bokudlala bomculo waseSoviet emncintiswaneni wamazwe ngamazwe (Warsaw, 1927, Chopin Competition). Namuhla, lapho abaphumelele emiqhudelwaneni ehlukahlukene yomculo behamba ngokulandelana, lapho amagama amasha nobuso buhlala buvela kubo, "akukho zinombolo", kunzima ukwazisa ngokugcwele lokho u-Oborin akwenza eminyakeni engu-85 edlule. Kwakuwukunqoba, umuzwa, isimangaliso. Abavukuzi bahlale bezungezwe udumo - ekuhloleni indawo, kwisayensi, ezindabeni zomphakathi; U-Oborin wavula umgwaqo, u-J. Flier, E. Gilels, J. Zak nabanye abaningi bawulandela ngobuhlakani. Ukuwina umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni onzima wokudala kuhlala kunzima; ngo-1927, emkhathini wenzondo eyayidlangile ePoland yonxiwankulu maqondana nabaculi baseSoviet, u-Oborin wayenzima ngokuphindwe kabili, kathathu. Akazange akweleti ukunqoba kwakhe ngenxa yephutha noma enye into - wayekukweleta yena kuphela, ngethalente lakhe elikhulu nelibukekayo ngokwedlulele.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

U-Oborin wazalelwa eMoscow, emndenini wonjiniyela wesitimela. Unina womfana, uNina Viktorovna, wayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi epiyano, futhi uyise, u-Nikolai Nikolaevich, wayengumthandi omkhulu womculo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, e-Oborins kwahlelwa amakhonsathi e-impromptu: omunye wezivakashi wahlabelela noma wadlala, u-Nikolai Nikolayevich ezimweni ezinjalo ngokuzithandela wenza njengomsizi.

Uthisha wokuqala womdlali wepiyano wesikhathi esizayo kwakungu-Elena Fabianovna Gnesina, owaziwa kakhulu emibuthanweni yomculo. Kamuva, e-Conservatory, u-Oborin wafunda noKonstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. Kwakuyimvelo ejulile, eyinkimbinkimbi, engavamile. Ngandlela thize, ihlukile. Ngicabanga ukuthi imizamo yokuveza ubuntu buka-Igumnov ngobuciko ngosizo lwetemu elilodwa noma amabili noma izincazelo - kungaba "umculi" noma enye into yohlobo olufanayo - ngokuvamile izohluleka. (Futhi abantu abasha be-Conservatory, abazi u-Igumnov kuphela ngokuqoshwa okukodwa kanye nobufakazi bomlomo obubodwa, ngezinye izikhathi bathambekele ezincazelweni ezinjalo.)

Ukukhuluma iqiniso, - waqhubeka nendaba ngothisha wakhe u-Oborin, - u-Igumnov wayengekho njalo, njengomdlali wopiyano. Mhlawumbe okuhle kunakho konke wayedlala ekhaya, embuthanweni wabathandekayo. Lapha, endaweni ayijwayele, enethezekile, wazizwa ekhululekile futhi ekhululekile. Wayedlala umculo ngezikhathi ezinjalo ngogqozi, ngomdlandla wangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhaya, ensimbi yakhe, yonke into "yaphuma" njalo kuye. Ku-conservatory, ekilasini, lapho ngezinye izikhathi abantu abaningi babuthana khona (abafundi, izivakashi ...), "waphefumula" upiyano ngokukhululekile. Wadlala lapha kakhulu, nakuba, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, akazange ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi aphumelele kukho konke ngokulinganayo. U-Igumnov wayevame ukukhombisa umsebenzi owafundwa nomfundi hhayi kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni, kodwa izingxenye, izingcezu (lezo ezazisebenza njengamanje). Ngokuqondene nezinkulumo zakhe emphakathini jikelele, kwakungakaze kwenzeke ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi lo msebenzi wawuhloselwe ukuba yini.

Kwakukhona ama-clavirabends amangalisayo, angenakulibaleka, angokomoya kusukela kweyokuqala kuya kweyokugcina inothi, ephawulwe ngokungena okucashile emphefumulweni womculo. Futhi kanye nabo kwakunemidlalo engalingani. Konke kuncike ngomzuzu, emoyeni, ukuthi uKonstantin Nikolayevich wakwazi yini ukulawula izinzwa zakhe, ukunqoba injabulo yakhe.

Ukuxhumana no-Igumnov kwakusho lukhulu empilweni yokudala ka-Oborin. Kodwa hhayi bona kuphela. Umculi osemusha wayevame, njengoba bethi, "inhlanhla" nothisha. Phakathi kwabeluleki bakhe be-Conservatory kwakungu-Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky, lapho le nsizwa yathatha izifundo zokuqamba. U-Oborin kwakungadingeki ukuba abe umqambi ochwepheshile; impilo yakamuva ayizange imshiyele ithuba elinjalo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zokudala ngesikhathi sokutadisha zanikeza umdlali wepiyano odumile kakhulu - wagcizelela lokhu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Wathi: “Ukuphila kuye kwaba ngendlela yokuthi ekugcineni ngibe umculi nothisha, hhayi umqambi. Kodwa-ke, manje njengoba ngivusa iminyaka yami yobusha enkumbulweni yami, ngiye ngizibuze ukuthi le mizamo yokuyiqamba yayiwusizo futhi iwusizo kangakanani kimi ngaleso sikhathi. Iphuzu alikona nje kuphela ukuthi “ngokuhlola” kukhibhodi, ngajulisa ukuqonda kwami ​​izici ezizwakalayo zepiyano, kodwa ngokudala futhi ngizilolonge inhlanganisela yokwakheka okuhlukahlukene ngedwa, ngokuvamile, ngathuthuka njengomdlali wepiyano. Ngendlela, kwadingeka ngifunde kakhulu - ngingafundi imidlalo yami, njengoba nje uRachmaninov, isibonelo, engazange ayifundise, angikwazanga ...

Nokho into esemqoka ihlukile. Lapho, ngibeka eceleni imibhalo yami yesandla, ngathatha umculo wabanye abantu, imisebenzi yabanye ababhali, isimo nokwakheka kwale misebenzi, ukwakheka kwayo kwangaphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinto ezizwakalayo ngandlela-thile kwacaca kakhulu kimi. Ngabona ukuthi ngase ngiqala ukuhlolisisa incazelo yezinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi zezwi-harmonic, umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwemibono ye-melodic, njll ngendlela eqaphela kakhulu. ukwenza umculo kunginikeze, mina mdlali, izinsiza ezibalulekile.

Isigameko esisodwa esinelukuluku empilweni yami sihlala sifika engqondweni yami,” u-Oborin waphetha ingxoxo ngezinzuzo zokuqamba abaculi. "Ngandlela-thile ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ngamenywa ukuba ngivakashele u-Alexei Maksimovich Gorky. Mangisho ukuthi uGorky wayewuthanda kakhulu umculo futhi wawuzwa ngobuqili. Ngokwemvelo, ngesicelo somnikazi, kwadingeka ngihlale phansi ensimbi. Ngabe sengidlala kakhulu futhi, kubukeka sengathi, ngesasasa elikhulu. U-Aleksey Maksimovich walalela ngokucophelela, ebeka isilevu sakhe entendeni yesandla sakhe futhi akazange asuse amehlo akhe ahlakaniphile nomusa kimi. Ngokungalindelekile, wabuza: “Ngitshele, Lev Nikolaevich, kungani ungaziqambi wena umculo?” Cha, ngiyaphendula, ngangikuthanda, kodwa manje angisenaso isikhathi - ukuhamba, amakhonsathi, abafundi ... "Kuyadabukisa, kubuhlungu," kusho uGorky, "uma isipho somqambi sesivele sizalwa. kuwe ngokwemvelo, kufanele ivikelwe - inani elikhulu. Yebo, futhi ekusebenzeni, mhlawumbe, kuzokusiza kakhulu ... "Ngikhumbula ukuthi mina, umculi osemusha, ngangihlabeke ngokujulile ngala mazwi. Ungasho lutho - ngokuhlakanipha! Yena, indoda ekude kangaka nomculo, ngokushesha nangendlela efanele yawuqonda umnyombo wenkinga - umculi-umqambi".

Umhlangano no-Gorky wawumunye kuphela ochungechungeni lwemihlangano eminingi ethokozisayo kanye nabantu obajwayele ezehlela u-Oborin ngeminyaka yama-XNUMX kanye ne-XNUMXs. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesesondelene Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Shebalin, Khachaturian, Sofronitsky, Kozlovsky. Wayeseduze nezwe laseshashalazini - eMeyerhold, "MKhAT", futhi ikakhulukazi eMoskvin; nabanye balabo okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla, wayenobungane obuqinile. Kamuva, lapho u-Oborin eba inkosi edumile, ukugxekwa kuzobhala ngokuncoma isiko langaphakathi, ngokuguquguqukayo okungokwemvelo emdlalweni wakhe, ukuthi kuye ungakwazi ukuzwa ukuthakazelisa kobuhlakani empilweni nasesiteji. U-Oborin wayekweleta lokhu entsheni yakhe eyakhiwe ngenjabulo: umndeni, othisha, abafundi akanye nabo; ngesinye isikhathi engxoxweni, wathi wayenendawo enhle kakhulu “enomsoco” lapho esemncane.

Ngo-1926, u-Oborin wathweswa iziqu eMoscow Conservatory. Igama lakhe laliqoshwe ngegolide eBhodini Lokuhlonishwa Lemabula elidumile elihlobise inkundla yeHholo Elincane LeConservatory. Lokhu kwenzeka entwasahlobo, futhi ngoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo, i-prospectus ye-First International Chopin Piano Competition eWarsaw yamukelwa eMoscow. Abaculi base-USSR bamenyiwe. Inkinga kube wukuthi besingekho isikhathi esisele sokulungiselela lo mqhudelwano. "Emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala komncintiswano, u-Igumnov wangibonisa uhlelo lokuncintisana," kukhumbula kamuva u-Oborin. “I-repertoire yami ihlanganise cishe ingxenye yesithathu yohlelo lomncintiswano oyimpoqo. Ukuqeqeshwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kwakubonakala kungenangqondo.” Noma kunjalo, waqala ukulungiselela: u-Igumnov waphikelela futhi omunye wabaculi abagunyazwe kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, u-BL Yavorsky, ombono wakhe u-Oborin ubhekwa njengezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. “Uma ufuna ngempela, ungakhuluma,” kusho u-Yavorsky etshela u-Oborin. Futhi wakholwa.

E-Warsaw, u-Oborin wazibonakalisa emuhle kakhulu. Waklonyeliswa ngazwi linye ngomklomelo wokuqala. Iphephandaba lakwamanye amazwe, lingafihli ukumangala kwalo (sekushiwo ngenhla: kwakungu-1927), lakhuluma ngentshiseko mayelana nokusebenza komculi waseSoviet. Umqambi owaziwayo wasePoland uKarol Szymanowski, ehlaziya indlela u-Oborin acula ngayo, washo amazwi amaphephandaba amazwe amaningi omhlaba awadlulanga ngesikhathi esisodwa: “Isenzakalo esimangalisayo! Akusona isono ukumkhonza, ngoba udala Ubuhle.

Ukubuya eWarsaw, u-Oborin uqala umsebenzi wekhonsathi osebenzayo. Kuyanda: i-geography yezinkambo zakhe iyanda, inani lemidlalo liyanda (ukubunjwa kufanele kushiywe - asikho isikhathi esanele noma amandla). Umsebenzi wekhonsathi ka-Oborin wathuthuka ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yangemva kwempi: ngaphezu kweSoviet Union, udlala e-USA, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Japan, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ukugula kuphela okuphazamisa lokhu kugeleza okunganqamuki nokushesha kokuvakasha.

… Labo abakhumbula umdlali wopiyano ngesikhathi seminyaka yamashumi amathathu nantathu bakhuluma ngazwi linye ngobuhle obungavamile bokudlala kwakhe - engenabuciko, egcwele ubusha bobusha kanye nemizwa esheshayo. INGABE uKozlovsky, ekhuluma ngo-Oborin osemusha, ubhala ukuthi wahlaba umxhwele “ngamazwi omculo, ukukhanga, imfudumalo yomuntu, uhlobo oluthile lokukhazimula.” Igama elithi "ukukhazimula" lidonsela ukunaka lapha: okucacile, okunezithombe nokungokomfanekiso, kuyasiza ukuqonda okuningi ekubukeni komculi.

Futhi enye ngaphezulu efumbathisiwe kuyo - ubulula. Mhlawumbe isikole sase-Igumnov saba nomphumela, mhlawumbe izici zemvelo ka-Oborin, ukwakheka komlingiswa wakhe (okungenzeka ukuthi kokubili), - kuphela kwakukhona kuye, njengomculi, ukucaca okumangalisayo, ukukhanya, ubuqotho, ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kwenza umbono ocishe ungenakuvinjwa emphakathini, nakubalingani bomdlali wopiyano ngokunjalo. Ku-Oborin, umdlali wopiyano, bezwa okuthile okubuyela emasikweni akude futhi akhazimulayo obuciko baseRussia - banquma ngempela okuningi ngesitayela sakhe sokusebenza kwekhonsathi.

Indawo enkulu ezinhlelweni zayo yayigcwele imisebenzi yababhali baseRussia. Udlale ngendlela emangalisayo i-The Four Seasons, i-Dumka ne-Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Umuntu wayevame ukuzwa Izithombe zika-Mussorgsky Embukisweni, kanye nemisebenzi ka-Rachmaninov - Ikhonsathi Yepiyano Yesibili neyesiThathu, izandulela, izithombe ze-etudes, Izikhathi Zomculo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungakhumbuli, ngokuthinta le ngxenye ye-repertoire ka-Oborin, kanye nokusebenza kwakhe okuthakazelisayo kwe-"Little Suite" ka-Borodin, Ukuhlukahluka kukaLyadov ngendikimba kaGlinka, Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, Op. 70 A. Rubinstein. Wayeyingcweti yeqembu laseRussia ngempela - emlingiswa wakhe, ukubukeka, isimo sengqondo, ukunambitheka kobuciko kanye nothando. Kwakungenakwenzeka nje ukungakuzwa konke lokhu ebucikweni bakhe.

Futhi omunye umbhali kufanele aqanjwe lapho kukhulunywa nge-repertoire ka-Oborin - Chopin. Udlale umculo wakhe kusukela ezitebhisini zokuqala esiteji kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe; wake wabhala kwesinye sezihloko zakhe: “Umuzwa wenjabulo abadlali bopiyano abanawo uChopin awungishiyi neze.” Kunzima ukukhumbula konke u-Oborin adlala ngayo ezinhlelweni zakhe ze-Chopin - ama-etudes, ama-preludes, ama-waltzes, ama-nocturnes, ama-mazurkas, ama-sonatas, ama-concerto nokunye okuningi. Kunzima ukubala ukuthi udlalile, kunzima nakakhulu ukwenza umdlalo namuhla, as wakwenza. "I-Chopin yakhe - ecacile futhi ekhanyayo - yathwebula ngokungenakuhlukaniswa noma yiziphi izethameli," u-J. Flier wancoma. Akukona nje ukuqondana, ukuthi u-Oborin wabhekana nokunqoba kwakhe kokuqala nokukhulu kokudala ekuphileni kwakhe emncintiswaneni onikezelwe inkumbulo yomqambi omkhulu wasePoland.

... Ngo-1953, umdlalo wokuqala we-duet Oborin - Oistrakh wenzeka. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, kwazalwa abathathu: Oborin - Oistrakh - Knushevitsky. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Oborin uye waziwa emhlabeni womculo hhayi nje kuphela njengomdlali oyedwa, kodwa futhi njengomdlali we-ensemble wesigaba sokuqala. Kusukela esemncane wayethanda umculo we-chamber (ngisho nangaphambi kokuhlangana nabalingani bakhe besikhathi esizayo, wadlala i-duet no-D. Tsyganov, eyenziwa kanye ne-Beethoven Quartet). Ngempela, ezinye izici zemvelo yobuciko ka-Oborin - ukwenza ukuguquguquka, ukuzwela, ikhono lokusungula ngokushesha othintana nabo bokudala, ukuguquguquka kwesitayela - kwamenza ilungu elibalulekile lama-duets kanye nama-trios. Ku-akhawunti ka-Oborin, u-Oistrakh no-Knushevitsky, kwakukhona inani elikhulu lomculo elidlalwa kabusha yibo - imisebenzi yakudala, ama-romantics, abalobi besimanje. Uma sikhuluma ngezimpumelelo zabo eziphakeme, khona-ke umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukubiza i-Rachmaninoff cello sonata ehunyushwa ngu-Oborin no-Knushevitsky, kanye nazo zonke i-Beethoven sonatas eziyishumi ze-violin nopiyano, ezenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngu-Oborin no-Oistrakh. Lezi sonatas zenziwa, ikakhulukazi, ngo-1962 eParis, lapho abaculi baseSoviet bamenywa yinkampani eyaziwayo yaseFrance. Phakathi nenyanga nengxenye, bathwebula ukusebenza kwabo kumarekhodi, futhi - ochungechungeni lwamakhonsathi - bamethula emphakathini waseFrance. Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima kulaba ababili abadumile. “Sisebenze kanzima futhi kanzima ngempela,” kusho u-DF Oistrakh kamuva, “asingayanga ndawo, sakugwema ukuhamba ezilingayo edolobheni, senqaba izimemo eziningi zokungenisa izihambi. Ukubuyela emculweni kaBeethoven, bengifuna ukuphinde ngicabange kabusha uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-sonatas (okubalulekile!) futhi ngiphinde ngiveze yonke imininingwane. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuthi izethameli, njengoba zivakashele amakhonsathi ethu, zithole injabulo eyengeziwe kunathi. Sasijabulela njalo kusihlwa lapho sidlala ama-sonata sisuka esiteji, sasijabule kakhulu, silalela umculo kuthulekile estudiyo, lapho zonke izimo zenzelwe lokhu. ”

Kanye nakho konke okunye, u-Oborin naye wafundisa. Kusukela ngo-1931 kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, wahola ikilasi elinabantu abaningi e-Conservatory yaseMoscow - wakhulisa abafundi abangaphezu kweshumi nambili, okungabizwa phakathi kwabo abadlali bopiyano abaningi abadumile. Njengomthetho, u-Oborin wavakashela ngenkuthalo: waya emadolobheni ahlukahlukene wezwe, wachitha isikhathi eside phesheya. Kwenzeka ukuthi imihlangano yakhe nabafundi yayingavamile kakhulu, hhayi njalo ehlelekile futhi evamile. Yebo, lokhu kwakungeke kushiye umkhondo othile emakilasini ekilasini lakhe. Lapha kwakungadingeki ukuba umuntu athembele ekunakekelweni kokufundisa kwansuku zonke, okunakekelayo; ezintweni eziningi, “Abakwa-Oborint” kwakudingeka bazitholele ngokwabo. Kwakukhona, ngokusobala, esimweni esinjalo semfundo kokubili ama-pluses abo nama-minuses. Kumayelana nokunye manje. Ukuhlangana njalo nothisha ngandlela thize ikakhulukazi okwaziswa kakhulu izilwane zakhe ezifuywayo - yilokho engithanda ukukugcizelela. Babehlonishwa, mhlawumbe, ngaphezu kwezigaba zabanye oprofesa (ngisho noma bebengabalulekile futhi befaneleka, kodwa "basekhaya" ngaphezulu). Lezi zifundo zomhlangano no-Oborin beziwumcimbi; wabalungiselela ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, wabalinda, kwenzeka, cishe njengeholide. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo kumfundi kaLev Nikolayevich ekwenzeni, ukusho, eHholo Elincane le-Conservatory kunoma yikuphi kusihlwa kwabafundi noma ukudlala ucezu olusha kuthisha wakhe, wafunda lapho engekho. Lo muzwa wandisa Isibopho ngaphambi kombukiso ekilasini kwakuwuhlobo olushukumisayo - olunamandla futhi olucacile kakhulu - emakilasini no-Oborin. Wanquma okuningi emsebenzini wezengqondo nomsebenzi wokufundisa wezigceme zakhe, ebuhlotsheni bakhe noprofesa.

Akungabazeki ukuthi enye yemingcele eyinhloko umuntu angakwazi futhi okufanele ahlulele ngayo impumelelo yokufundisa ihlobene Igunya uthisha, isilinganiso sokuvelela kwakhe ngokomsebenzi emehlweni abafundi, izinga lethonya elingokomzwelo nelokuzithandela kubafundi bakhe. Igunya lika-Oborin ekilasini laliphakeme ngokungangabazeki, futhi ithonya lakhe kubadlali bopiyano abasebasha lalinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo; lokhu kukodwa kwakwanele ukukhuluma ngaye njengomuntu omkhulu wokufundisa. Abantu abasondelene naye bakhumbula ukuthi amagama ambalwa awiswe nguLev Nikolaevich ngezinye izikhathi abe nesisindo futhi abalulekile kunezinye izinkulumo ezinhle kakhulu nezinezimbali.

Amagama ambalwa, kufanele kushiwo, ngokuvamile ayethandeka ku-Oborin kunama-monologue amade okufundisa. Esikhundleni sokuvaleka kancane kunokuba abe nobudlelwane ngokweqile, wayehlala ene-laconic, enezitatimende. Zonke izinhlobo zokuhlehla kwemibhalo, izifaniso nokufanayo, iziqhathaniso ezimibalabala nezingathekiso ezisankondlo - konke lokhu kwaba okuhlukile ezifundweni zakhe kunomthetho. Ekhuluma ngomculo ngokwawo - umlingiswa wawo, izithombe, okuqukethwe kwemibono kanye nobuciko - wayemfushane ngokwedlulele, enembayo futhi eqinile ekukhulumeni. Akukaze kube khona noma yini engadingekile, ozikhethela yona, eholela phambili ezitatimendeni zakhe. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lokukhuluma: ukusho okubalulekile kuphela, hhayi okunye; ngalo mqondo, u-Oborin wayeqephuza ngempela.

U-Lev Nikolaevich wayemfushane ikakhulukazi ekuziqeqesheni, usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokudlala, umfundi ozayo wekilasi lakhe. “Ngesaba ukudukisa umfundi,” wake wathi, “okungenani ngandlela thize ukuze nginyakazise ukholo lwakhe emcabangweni osumisiwe, ngiyesaba“ ukwethusa ”umuzwa odlalayo. Ngokubona kwami, kungcono ukuthi uthisha ngesikhathi sangaphambi kwekhonsathi angafundisi, angafundisi umculi osemusha kaningi, kodwa ameseke nje, amthokozise ... "

Esinye isikhathi esiyisici. Iziyalezo zika-Oborin zokufundisa kanye namazwi, ayehlale eqondile futhi enenjongo, ngokuvamile ayeqondiswe kulokho okwakuhlobene nakho. okusebenzayo uhlangothi ku-pianist. Ngokusebenza kanjalo. Indlela, isibonelo, ukudlala lokhu noma leyo ndawo enzima, ukuyenza ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, ikwenze kube lula ngobuchwepheshe; yikuphi ukufaka iminwe okungase kulunge kakhulu lapha; yisiphi isikhundla seminwe, izandla nomzimba okungaba lula kakhulu futhi kufanelekile; yiziphi izinzwa ezithintekayo ezingaholela emsindweni oyifunayo, njll. - le mibuzo kanye neminye efana nayo ngokuvamile yayifika phambili esifundweni sika-Oborin, inquma ukwakhiwa kwayo okukhethekile, okuqukethwe "kobuchwepheshe" okucebile.

Kwakubaluleke kakhulu kubafundi ukuthi konke u-Oborin ayekhuluma ngakho "kwanikezwa" - njengohlobo oluthile lwegolide - ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okukhulu okusebenzayo, okusekelwe olwazini lwezimfihlo eziseduze kakhulu "zobuciko" bepiyano.

Kanjani, ake sithi, ukwenza ucezu ngokulindela umsindo walo wesikhathi esizayo ehholo lekhonsathi? Indlela yokulungisa ukukhiqizwa komsindo, i-nuance, i-pedalization, njll kulokhu? Izeluleko nezincomo zalolu hlobo zivela kunkosi, izikhathi eziningi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, Uqobo owakuhlola konke ngokwenza. Kwakukhona icala lapho, kwesinye sezifundo ezenzeka endlini ka-Oborin, omunye wabafundi bakhe wadlala i-Chopin's First Ballade. "Hhayi-ke, akukubi," kufingqa uLev Nikolayevich, elalele umsebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, njengenjwayelo. "Kodwa lo mculo uzwakala njenge-chamber kakhulu, ngisho nokuthi "njengegumbi". Futhi uzocula eHholo Elincane… Ingabe ukukhohliwe lokho? Sicela uqale futhi futhi ukucabangele lokhu ... "

Lesi siqephu sisikhumbuza, ngendlela, omunye wemiyalo ka-Oborin, owaphindwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kubafundi bakhe: umculi wopiyano odlala esiteji kufanele abe "nokukhuza" okucacile, okuqondakalayo, okucacile - "i-diction ebekwe kahle," njengoba uLev Nikolayevich ekubeka kwelinye lamakilasi. Ngakho-ke: "Embossed kakhudlwana, emikhulu, ecacile," wayevame ukufuna ngokuphindaphindiwe. “Isikhulumi esikhuluma emsamo sizokhuluma ngendlela ehlukile kunobuso nobuso nomuntu okhuluma naye. Kunjalo nangomdlali wopiyano ekhonsathini odlala esidlangalaleni. Ihholo lonke kufanele likuzwe, hhayi nje imigqa yokuqala yamatafula.

Mhlawumbe ithuluzi elinamandla kunawo wonke arsenal of Oborin uthisha sekuyisikhathi eside show (umfanekiso) ensimbini; eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokugula, Lev Nikolaevich waqala ukusondela upiyano kancane. Ngokuphathelene nokuqala kwayo "ukusebenza", ngokusebenza kwayo, indlela yokubonisa, omunye angase athi, iphumelele kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nencazelo yezwi. Futhi akukhona ukuthi ukuboniswa okukhethekile kukhibhodi yendlela eyodwa noma enye yokudlala kusize “Ama-Oborints” emsebenzini wabo ngomsindo, indlela yokwenza, ukupedaliza, njll. Imibukiso-imifanekiso kathisha, isibonelo esibukhoma nesiseduze sokwenza kwakhe umsebenzi – konke lokhu okwenziwa nakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukudlala Lev Nikolaevich insimbi yesibili ephefumlelwe intsha yomculo, yavula ama-horizons amasha, ngaphambili ayengaziwa kanye nemibono ku-pianism, yabavumela ukuba baphefumule iphunga elijabulisayo lesiteji esikhulu sekhonsathi. Lo mdlalo ngezinye izikhathi uvusa into efana "nomona omhlophe": emva kwakho konke, kuvela ukuthi as и ukuthi kungenziwa ngopiyano… Kwakuvamise ukuthi ukubonisa umsebenzi owodwa noma omunye kupiyano yase-Oborinsky kulethe ukucaciseleka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ukuze umfundi enze, kusika “amafindo e-Gordian” ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Emikhumbuzweni kaLeopold Auer mayelana nothisha wakhe, umshayi wevayolini waseHungary u-J. Joachim, kunemigqa: so!" okuhambisana nokumamatheka okuqinisekisayo.” (U-Auer L. Isikole sami sokudlala ivayolini. – M., 1965. S. 38-39.). Izigcawu ezifanayo zazivame ukwenzeka ekilasini Oborinsky. Esinye isiqephu esiyinkimbinkimbi sopiyano sadlalwa, kwaboniswa "okujwayelekile" - kwase kwengezwa isifinyezo samagama amabili noma amathathu: "Ngombono wami, ngakho ..."

… Ngakho, u-Oborin wagcina efundiseni? Yayiyini “inkolelo” yakhe yokufundisa? Yayiyini inhloso yomsebenzi wakhe wokudala?

U-Oborin wethula abafundi bakhe ekudluliseleni okuyiqiniso, okungokoqobo, okukholisayo ngokwengqondo kokuqukethwe okungokomfanekiso nokusankondlo komculo; lokhu kwakungu-alfa no-omega wezimfundiso zakhe. U-Lev Nikolayevich wayekwazi ukukhuluma ngezinto ezahlukene ezifundweni zakhe, kodwa konke lokhu ekugcineni kwaholela entweni eyodwa: ukusiza umfundi ukuba aqonde ingqikithi ejulile yenhloso yomqambi, ukuyiqaphela ngengqondo nenhliziyo yakhe, ukungena "ekubhaleni ngokubambisana. ” nomqambi womculo, ukuze ahlanganise imibono yakhe ngokuqiniseka okukhulu nangokukholisa. "Uma umculi eqonda ngokugcwele futhi ejulile umlobi, makhulu amathuba okuthi esikhathini esizayo bazokholelwa umculi ngokwakhe," waveza ngokuphindaphindiwe umbono wakhe, ngezinye izikhathi eshintsha amagama alo mqondo, kodwa hhayi ingqikithi yawo.

Nokho, ukuqonda umlobi - futhi lapha uLev Nikolayevich wakhuluma ngokuvumelana ngokugcwele nesikole esamkhulisa, no-Igumnov - kwakusho ukuthi ekilasini lika-Oborinsky ukucacisa umbhalo womsebenzi ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, "ukuqeda" ngokuphelele futhi phansi, ukuveza hhayi kuphela into esemqoka ekubhalweni komculo, kodwa futhi nama-nuances acashile womcabango womqambi, agxilwe kuwo. “Umculo, ovezwa ngezimpawu ephepheni lomculo, ungunobuhle olele, usadinga ukuphoxeka,” usho kanje embuthanweni wabafundi. Ngokuphathelene nokunemba kombhalo, izimfuneko zikaLev Nikolayevich zabafundi bakhe zaziqinile kakhulu, hhayi ukuthi i-pedantic: akukho lutho olulinganiselwe emdlalweni, olwenziwe ngokuphazima kweso, "ngokujwayelekile", ngaphandle kokunemba nokunemba okufanele, zithethelelwe. “Umdlali ongcono kakhulu yilowo odlulisela umbhalo ngokucacile nangokunengqondo,” la mazwi (aqanjwa uL. Godovsky) angaba i-epigraph enhle kakhulu ezifundweni eziningi zika-Oborin. Noma yiziphi izono ezibhekiswe kumbhali – hhayi emoyeni kuphela, kodwa nasezincwadini zemibhalo ehunyushiwe – zazithathwa lapha njengento eshaqisayo, njengokuziphatha okubi komenzi. Ngokubukeka kwakhe konke, u-Lev Nikolaevich uzwakalise ukucasuka okukhulu ezimweni ezinjalo ...

Awukho nowodwa umniningwane obhaliwe obonakala ungabalulekile, ngisho ne-echo eyodwa efihliwe, inothi elingacacile, njll., eliphunyuke iso lakhe elibukhali lobungcweti. Gqamisa ngokunaka kokuzwa konke и konke emsebenzini ohunyushiwe, u-Oborin wafundisa, ingqikithi iwukuba "uqaphele", ukuqonda umsebenzi onikeziwe. “Kumculi zwa - kusho ukuqonda“, – waphothula kwesinye sezifundo.

Akungabazeki ukuthi wazisa kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kobuntu kanye nokuzimela kokudala kubashayi bopiyano abasebasha, kodwa kuphela ngezinga lezi zimfanelo ezibe nesandla ekuhlonzeni. imigomo ejwayelekile izingoma zomculo.

Ngakho-ke, izidingo zikaLev Nikolaevich zomdlalo wabafundi zanqunywa. Umculi oqinile, omunye angase athi, ukunambitheka kwe-purist, ngandlela-thile kwezemfundo ngesikhathi samashumi amahlanu namashumi ayisithupha, wamelana ngokuqinile nokubandlulula kwe-subjectivist ekusebenzeni. Konke okwakuthandeka ngokweqile ekuchazeni ozakwabo abasebasha, abathi akujwayelekile, kushaqisa ngokuvela kwangaphandle, kwakungekho ngaphandle kokucwasa nokuxwaya. Ngakho-ke, lapho ekhuluma ngezinkinga zobuciko bobuciko, u-Oborin wakhumbula u-A. Kramskoy, evumelana naye ukuthi "imvelaphi yobuciko kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala ihlale isolisa futhi kunalokho ikhombisa ubuncane nomkhawulo kunethalente elibanzi neliguquguqukayo. Imvelo ejulile futhi ezwelayo ekuqaleni ayinakugwetshwa yikho konke osekwenziwe okuhle ngaphambili; izimo ezinjalo ziyalingisa… "

Ngamanye amazwi, lokho u-Oborin ayekufuna kubafundi bakhe, efuna ukuzwa emdlalweni wabo, kungase kubonakale ngokuthi: elula, ethobekile, engokwemvelo, eqotho, enkondlo. Ukuphakanyiswa okungokomoya, inkulumo eyihaba ngandlela-thile ngesikhathi sokwenza umculo - konke lokhu kuvame ukudumaza uLev Nikolayevich. Yena ngokwakhe, njengoba kushiwo, kokubili empilweni nasesiteji, ensimbi, wayevinjelwe, elinganisela emizweni; cishe “iziqu” ezingokomzwelo ezifanayo zamkhanga ekudlaleni abanye abadlali bopiyano. (Ngandlela-thile, elalele umdlalo oshisayo womculi oyedwa oqalayo, wakhumbula amazwi ka-Anton Rubinstein ukuthi akufanele kube nemizwa eminingi, umuzwa ungaba ngokulinganisela kuphela; uma kuningi, khona-ke kungamanga …) Ukungaguquguquki nokunemba ekubonakalisweni kwemizwelo , ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi ezimbongisweni, ukuphelela kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, ukunemba kwesitayela, ukuqina nokuhlanzeka - lezi zimfanelo zokusebenza nezinye ezifanayo zavusa ukusabela okugunyazwa kuka-Oborin njalo.

Lokho akuhlakulela ekilasini lakhe kungachazwa njengemfundo yobungcweti yomculo enhle necashile, egxilisa imikhuba emihle yokucula kubafundi bakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Oborin waqhubeka nokukholelwa ukuthi “uthisha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unolwazi futhi unolwazi kangakanani, akanakwenza umfundi abe nethalente elingaphezu kwalokho analo ngokwemvelo. Ngeke kusebenze, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwani lapha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokufundisa ezisetshenziswayo. Umculi osemusha unethalente langempela - ngokushesha noma kamuva uzozibonakalisa, uzogqashuka; cha, akukho okungasiza lapha. Kungenye indaba ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingekile ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kwethalenta elincane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi likhulu kangakanani; methule ezinkambisweni zokuziphatha kahle emculweni (futhi mhlawumbe hhayi emculweni kuphela). Sekuvele kunomsebenzi oqondile kanye nomsebenzi kathisha.

Kulo mbono wezinto, kwakukhona ukuhlakanipha okukhulu, ukuqaphela okuzolile nokuhluzekile kokuthi uthisha angenzani nokuthi yini engaphezu kwamandla akhe ...

U-Oborin wakhonza iminyaka eminingi njengesibonelo esikhuthazayo, imodeli ephezulu yobuciko kubalingani bakhe abancane. Bafunda kwezobuciko bakhe, bamlingisa. Ake siphinde, ukunqoba kwakhe eWarsaw kwashukumisa abaningi balabo kamuva abamlandela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi u-Oborin wayezodlala le ndima ehamba phambili, ebaluleke kakhulu ku-pianism yaseSoviet, uma kungenjalo ngenxa yobuhle bakhe, izimfanelo zakhe zobuntu kuphela.

Lokhu njalo kunikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu emibuthanweni yobungcweti; ngakho-ke, ezicini eziningi, isimo sengqondo maqondana nomdwebi, kanye nokuzwakala komphakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe. “Kwakungekho ukuphikisana phakathi kuka-Oborin umdwebi no-Oborin indoda,” kubhala u-Ya. I. Zak, owayemazi eduze. “Ubevumelana kakhulu. Ethembekile kwezobuciko, wayethembekile empilweni… Wayehlale enobungane, enomusa, eneqiniso futhi eqotho. Wayeyibumbano eliyivelakancane lezimiso zobuhle nezimiso zokuziphatha, ingxubevange yobuciko obuphezulu kanye nesithunzi esijulile. (Zak Ya. Ithalente elikhanyayo / / LN Oborin: Imibhalo. Izikhumbuzo. – M., 1977. P. 121.).

G. Tsypin