Tatiana Petrovna Nikolaeva |

Tatiana Nikolayeva

UTatyana Nikolaeva ungummeleli wesikole sika-AB Goldenweiser. Isikole esanikeza ubuciko baseSoviet inombolo yamagama ahlakaniphile. Ngeke kube ihaba ukusho ukuthi u-Nikolaeva ungomunye wabafundi abahle kakhulu bothisha ovelele waseSoviet. Futhi - okumangalisayo - omunye wabameleli bakhe abakhethekile, Isiqondiso se-Goldenweiser ekuculweni komculo: akukho muntu namuhla ohlanganisa isiko lakhe ngokungaguquki kunaye. Kuzokhulunywa okwengeziwe ngalokhu esikhathini esizayo.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

UTatyana Petrovna Nikolaeva wazalelwa edolobheni laseBezhitsa, esifundeni saseBryansk. Ubaba wakhe wayengusokhemisi ngokomsebenzi futhi engumculi ngomsebenzi. Ukuba nomyalo omuhle we-violin ne-cello, wabuthana kuye njengaye, abathandi bomculo nabathandi bobuciko: amakhonsathi angenayo i-impromptu, imihlangano yomculo kanye kusihlwa kwakuqhutshwa njalo endlini. Ngokungafani noyise, umama Tatiana Nikolaeva wayehlanganyela umculo ngempela efanele. Ebusheni bakhe, wathola iziqu zomnyango wepiyano eMoscow Conservatory futhi, ehlanganisa isiphetho sakhe noBezhitse, wathola lapha insimu ebanzi yemisebenzi yamasiko nemfundo - wakha isikole somculo futhi wakhulisa abafundi abaningi. Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka emindenini yothisha, wayenesikhathi esincane sokutadisha nendodakazi yakhe siqu, nakuba, kunjalo, yamfundisa izisekelo zokudlala upiyano lapho kudingekile. “Akekho owangiphushela ophiyano, akazange angiphoqe ukuba ngisebenze ikakhulukazi,” kukhumbula uNikolaeva. Ngikhumbula ukuthi njengoba sengikhulile, ngangivame ukucula phambi kwabangane bami nezivakashi ezazigcwele indlu yethu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ebuntwaneni, kokubili kwakukhathaza futhi kuletha injabulo enkulu.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, unina wamyisa eMoscow. U-Tanya wangena e-Central Music School, ebekezelele, mhlawumbe, uvivinyo olunzima kakhulu futhi olunomthwalo wemfanelo empilweni yakhe. (“Cishe abantu abangamakhulu ayisithupha bafaka izicelo zezikhala ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu,” kukhumbula uNikolaeva. “Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, iSikole Somculo Esikhulu sasijabulela udumo negunya.”) U-AB Goldenweiser waba uthisha wakhe; ngesinye isikhathi wafundisa unina. UNikolaeva uthi: “Ngachitha izinsuku eziningi nginyamalala ekilasini lakhe, kwakuthakazelisa kakhulu lapha. Abaculi abanjengo-AF Gedike, DF Oistrakh, SN Knushevitsky, SE Feinberg, ED Krutikova wayevame ukuvakashela u-Alexander Borisovich ezifundweni zakhe ... Wona kanye umkhathi owawusizungezile, abafundi benkosi enkulu, ngandlela-thile uphakeme, uphakeme, uphoqeleka ukuba usebenze, kuye, ukwenza ubuciko ngakho konke ukungathí sina. Kimina, lena bekuyiminyaka yentuthuko eguquguqukayo nesheshayo.”

U-Nikolaeva, njengabanye abafundi be-Goldenweiser, ngezinye izikhathi ucelwa ukuba atshele, futhi ngokuningiliziwe, ngothisha wakhe. “Ngimkhumbula kuqala ngesimo sakhe sengqondo esilinganayo nomusa kithina sonke, bafundi bakhe. Akazange akhethe muntu ngokukhethekile, waphatha wonke umuntu ngokunaka okufanayo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokufundisa. Njengothisha, wayengakuthandi kakhulu "ithiyori" - cishe akazange aphendukele ekukhulumeni ngamazwi aluhlaza. Wayevame ukukhuluma kancane, ekhetha amagama kancane, kodwa njalo mayelana nokuthile okubalulekile nokudingekayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, wayephonsa amazwi amabili noma amathathu, futhi umfundi, uyabona, uqala ukudlala ngandlela-thile ngendlela ehlukile ... Thina, ngiyakhumbula, sasenza okuningi - kuma-offsets, imibukiso, kusihlwa esivulekile; U-Alexander Borisovich wafaka ukubaluleka okukhulu kumkhuba wekhonsathi wabadlali bopiyano abasha. Futhi manje, vele, abantu abasha badlala kakhulu, kodwa - bheka ukukhetha okuncintisanayo nama-auditions - bavame ukudlala into efanayo ... ngokuvamile futhi ezahlukene"Yilokho iphuzu lonke."

1941 wahlukanisa Nikolaeva kusukela eMoscow, izihlobo Goldenweiser. Wagcina eSaratov, lapho ngaleso sikhathi ingxenye yabafundi kanye ne-faculty yaseMoscow Conservatory yaxoshwa. Ekilasini lepiyano, welulekwa okwesikhashana uthisha odumile waseMoscow u-IR Klyachko. Uphinde abe nomunye umeluleki - umqambi ovelele waseSoviet u-BN Lyatoshinsky. Iqiniso liwukuthi isikhathi eside, kusukela ebuntwaneni, wayekhangwa ukuqamba umculo. (Emuva ngo-1937, lapho engena eSikoleni Somculo Esimaphakathi, wadlala ama-opus akhe ezivivinyweni zokwamukelwa, okungenzeka ukuthi, okwabangela ikhomishana ngokwezinga elithile ukuba ikhethe yena ngaphezu kwabanye.) Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukuqanjwa kwaba yisidingo esiphuthumayo. kuyena, okwesibili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi neyokuqala, okukhethekile komculo. "Yebo, kunzima kakhulu ukuzihlukanisa phakathi kokusungula kanye nekhonsathi evamile nokuzijwayeza ukusebenza," kusho u-Nikolaeva. “Ngikhumbula ubusha bami, kwakuwumsebenzi oqhubekayo, umsebenzi kanye nomsebenzi ... Ehlobo ngangivame ukuqamba, ngesikhathi sasebusika ngangicishe ngizinikele ngokuphelele ophiweni. Kodwa yeka ukuthi le nhlanganisela yemisebenzi emibili inginike kangakanani! Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ngikweleta imiphumela yami ekusebenzeni ngezinga elikhulu kuye. Lapho ubhala, uqala ukuqonda izinto ezinjalo ebhizinisini lethu ukuthi umuntu ongabhali mhlawumbe akanikezwanga ukuziqonda. Manje, ngokohlobo lomsebenzi wami, ngihlala ngibhekana nentsha edlalayo. Futhi, uyazi, ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokulalela umculi osanda kufunda, ngiyakwazi ukunquma ngokungangabazeki - ngokubaluleka kwezincazelo zakhe - ukuthi uyabandakanyeka yini ekuqambeni umculo noma cha.

Ngo-1943, u-Nikolaeva wabuyela eMoscow. Imihlangano yakhe eqhubekayo kanye nokuxhumana okuhlakaniphile noGoldenweiser kuyavuselelwa. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1947, waphumelela ngokunqoba uphiyano Faculty of Conservatory. Ngokunqoba okungazange kumangaze kubantu abaziyo - ngaleso sikhathi wayesezimise ngokuqinile kwenye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwabashayi bepiyano basemadolobheni amakhulu. Uhlelo lwakhe lokuthweswa iziqu lwadonsa ukunaka: kanye nemisebenzi kaSchubert (i-Sonata ku-B-flat major), uLiszt (Mephisto-Waltz), uRachmaninov (i-Sonata Wesibili), kanye ne-Polyphonic Triad kaTatiana Nikolaeva, lolu hlelo lwaluhlanganisa yomibili imiqulu ye-Bach's. UClavier Othukuthele Kahle (ama-preludes angama-48 namafugues). Bambalwa abadlali bamakhonsathi, ngisho naphakathi kwabadlali bomhlaba abasezingeni eliphezulu abadlala upiyano, abangaba nawo wonke umjikelezo omkhulu we-Bach ku-repertoire yabo; lapha wahlongozwa ikhomishana yombuso ngumdlali wokuqala womdlalo wepiyano, elungiselela ukushiya ibhentshi labafundi. Futhi kwakungeyona nje inkumbulo enhle kaNikolaeva - wayedume ngaye eminyakeni yakhe encane, udumile manje; futhi hhayi kuphela emsebenzini omkhulu owenziwa nguye wokulungiselela uhlelo oluhlaba umxhwele kangako. Isiqondiso ngokwaso sasifuna ukuhlonishwa izithakazelo ze-repertory umdlali wopiyano osemusha - ukuthambekela kwakhe kwezobuciko, akuthandayo, ukuthambekela. Manje njengoba u-Nikolaeva aziwa kabanzi yibo bobabili ochwepheshe nabathandi bomculo abaningi, u-Well tempered Clavier esivivinyweni sakhe sokugcina ubonakala eyinto engokwemvelo impela - maphakathi nawo-XNUMX lokhu bekumangaza futhi kujabulise. UNikolaeva uthi: “Ngikhumbula ukuthi uSamuil Evgenievich Feinberg walungiselela “amathikithi” anamagama azo zonke izethulo nezandulela zikaBach, futhi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa nganikezwa ukuthi ngidwebe eyodwa yazo. Kwakhonjwa lapho ukuthi ngathola ukudlala ngenkatho. Ngempela, ikhomishini ayikwazanga ukulalela lonke uhlelo lwami lokuthweswa iziqu - bekuzothatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa ... "

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu (1950) Nikolaeva futhi iziqu umqambi uMnyango Conservatory. Ngemva BN Lyatoshinsky, V. Ya. UShebalin wayenguthisha wakhe ekilasini lokuqamba; waphothula izifundo zakhe no-EK Golubev. Ukuze uthole impumelelo ezuzwe emsebenzini womculo, igama lakhe lifakwe ebhodini lemabula le-Honor yaseMoscow Conservatory.

…Ngokujwayelekile, uma kukhulunywa ngokubamba iqhaza kuka-Nikolaeva emiqhudelwaneni yabaculi abaculayo, basho ukuthi, okokuqala, ukunqoba kwakhe okumangalisayo eMqhudelwaneni we-Bach eLeipzig (1950). Eqinisweni, wazama isandla sakhe ezimpini zokuncintisana ngaphambili kakhulu. Emuva ngo-1945, wabamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni wokudlala kahle kakhulu komculo kaScriabin - wawubanjelwe eMoscow ngesinyathelo seMoscow Philharmonic - futhi wawina umklomelo wokuqala. “Ijaji, ngiyakhumbula, lalihlanganisa bonke abadlali bopiyano abavelele baseSoviet baleyo minyaka,” u-Nikolaev ebhekisela esikhathini esidlule, “futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona isithixo sami, uVladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky. Yiqiniso, ngangikhathazeke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba kwakudingeka ngidlale izingcezu zomqhele we-repertoire "yakhe" - etudes (Op. 42), i-Scriabin's Fourth Sonata. Ukuphumelela kulo mqhudelwano kungenze ngaba ukuzethemba, ngamandla ami. Uma uthatha izinyathelo zakho zokuqala emkhakheni wokudlala, kubaluleke kakhulu.”

Ngo-1947, waphinde wangenela umqhudelwano wepiyano owawuyingxenye yeFirst Democratic Youth Festival ePrague; nangu esendaweni yesibili. Kodwa i-Leipzig yaba ngempela i-apogee yempumelelo yokuncintisana ka-Nikolaeva: yakhanga ukunaka kwemibuthano ebanzi yomphakathi womculo - hhayi iSoviet kuphela, kodwa futhi yangaphandle, kumculi osemusha, yamvulela iminyango emhlabeni wokudlala okukhulu kwekhonsathi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umncintiswano weLeipzig ngo-1950 ngesikhathi sawo wawuyisenzakalo sobuciko sezinga eliphezulu. Njengoba ihlelelwe ukukhumbula iminyaka engu-200 yokushona kuka-Bach, kwaba umncintiswano wokuqala walolu hlobo; kamuva baphenduka isiko. Enye into ayibalulekile kangako. Kwakungenye yezinkundla zokuqala zomhlaba wonke zabaculi e-Europe yangemva kwempi futhi ukuzwakala kwayo e-GDR, kanye nakwamanye amazwe, kwakukuhle kakhulu. U-Nikolaev, owajutshwa eLeipzig kusukela ebusheni bakhe bopiyano base-USSR, wayesesikhathini sakhe sokuqala. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-repertoire yakhe yayihlanganisa inani elifanelekile lemisebenzi kaBach; wabuye waba nekhono eligculisayo lokuzihumusha: Ukunqoba komdlali wopiyano kwakuvumelana ngazwi linye futhi kwakungenakuphikiswa (njengoba u-Igor Bezrodny osemusha wayengumnqobi ongenambangi wabadlali bevayolini ngaleso sikhathi); abezindaba baseJalimane bomculo bamncoma ngokuthi “indlovukazi yamafugues”.

"Kodwa mina," uyaqhubeka uNikolaeva indaba yokuphila kwakhe, "unyaka wamashumi amahlanu wawubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukunqoba eLeipzig. Khona-ke kwenzeka esinye isenzakalo, ukubaluleka kwalokho mina ngokwami ​​angikwazi ukuzicabangela ngokweqile - ukwazana kwami ​​noDmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich. Kanye no-PA Serebryakov, uShostakovich wayeyilungu lejaji le-Bach Competition. Ngaba nenhlanhla yokuhlangana naye, ukumbona eduze, futhi ngisho - kwakukhona icala elinjalo - ukubamba iqhaza naye kanye no-Serebryakov ekudlaleni esidlangalaleni kwekhonsathi ka-Bach ka-D minor. Ubuhle bukaDmitry Dmitrievich, isizotha esingavamile kanye nezicukuthwane ezingokomoya zalo mculi omkhulu, angisoze ngakhohlwa.

Uma ngibheka phambili, kufanele ngisho ukuthi ukujwayelana kukaNikolaeva noShostakovich akuzange kuphele. Imihlangano yabo yaqhubeka eMoscow. Ngokumenywa nguDmitry Dmitrievich Nikolaev, wamvakashela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa; waba ngowokuqala ukudlala ama-preludes nama-fugues amaningi (Op. 87) awadala ngaleso sikhathi: bathemba umbono wakhe, babonisana naye. (U-Nikolaeva uyaqiniseka, ngendlela, ukuthi umjikelezo odumile othi "24 Preludes and Fugues" wabhalwa nguShostakovich ngaphansi kwethonya eliqondile lemikhosi yaseBach eLeipzig futhi, ngokuqinisekile, i-Well-Tempered Clavier, eyenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe lapho) . Kamuva, waba ngumsakazi oshisekayo walo mculo - waba ngowokuqala ukuwudlala wonke lo mjikelezo, wawuqopha kumarekhodi egilamafoni.

Yayiyini ubuso bobuciko bukaNikolaeva ngaleyo minyaka? Wawuthini umbono wabantu abambona ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wasesiteji? Ukugxekwa kuvumelana no-Nikolaeva "njengomculi wezinga lokuqala, umhumushi ojulile, ocabangelayo" (GM Kogan) (Kogan G. Imibuzo yepiyano. S. 440.). Yena, ngokusho kukaYa. I. Milshtein, “inamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kohlelo olucacile, ukusesha okuyinhloko, okuchaza umcabango wokusebenza … Leli ikhono elihlakaniphile,” kufingqa u-Ya. I. Milshtein, “… inenjongo futhi inenjongo ejulile” (UMilshtein Ya. I. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Sov. Umculo. 1950. No. 12. P. 76.). Ochwepheshe baqaphela isikole esiqinile sikaNikolaeva, ukufunda kwakhe okunembile nokunembile kombhalo wombhali; ukhulume ngokuvumayo ngomuzwa wakhe wemvelo wokulinganisa, ukunambitheka okucishe kungenzeki. Abaningi babona kukho konke lokhu isandla sikathisha wakhe, u-AB Goldenweiser, futhi bezwa ithonya lakhe lokufundisa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugxeka okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi kwavezwa kumdlali wopiyano. Futhi akumangalisi: isithombe sakhe sobuciko sasisanda kwakheka, futhi ngaleso sikhathi yonke into iyabonakala - ama-pluses nama-minuses, izinzuzo kanye nokubi, amandla ethalente kanye nezibuthakathaka ngokuqhathaniswa. Kufanele sizwe ukuthi umculi osemusha ngezinye izikhathi untula ingokomoya langaphakathi, izinkondlo, imizwa ephezulu, ikakhulukazi ku-repertoire yothando. "Ngikhumbula kahle u-Nikolaeva ekuqaleni kohambo lwakhe," u-GM Kogan wabhala kamuva, "... kwakukhona ukuthakazelisa okuncane nokuthakazelisa ekudlaleni kwakhe kunamasiko" (Imibuzo ye-Kogan G. ye-pianism. P. 440.). Izikhalazo zenziwa futhi mayelana nephalethi ye-timbre ka-Nikolaeva; umsindo womculi, abanye babaculi bakholelwa ukuthi awunawo ujusi, ukukhalipha, imfudumalo nokuhlukahluka.

Kumelwe sihloniphe u-Nikolaeva: akakaze abe owalabo abasonga izandla - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi impumelelo, ukwehluleka ... zembulwe ngokusobala konke. "Uma ngaphambili ku-Nikolaeva isiqalo esinengqondo sicacile unqobile phezu kwemizwelo, ukujula nokunotha - phezu kobuciko kanye nokuzenzekelayo, - kubhala u-V. Yu. Delson ngo-1961, - ngaleso sikhathi lezi zingxenye ezingenakuhlukaniswa zobuciko obudlalwayo umphelelisi ngabanye" (Delson V. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Soviet Music. 1961. No. 7. P. 88.). “… UNikolaeva wamanje akafani nowakuqala,” kusho uGM Kogan ngo-1964. “Wakwazi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yilokho ayenakho, ukuthola lokho ayekuntula. U-Nikolaeva wanamuhla ungumuntu oqinile, owenza izinto ezihlaba umxhwele, ekusebenzeni kwakhe isiko eliphezulu kanye nobuciko obunembayo buhlanganiswe nenkululeko kanye nobuciko bokukhuluma ngobuciko. (Kogan G. Imibuzo yepiyano. S. 440-441.).

Ngokujulile enikeza amakhonsathi ngemva kwempumelelo emiqhudelwaneni, u-Nikolaeva ngesikhathi esifanayo akashiyi uthando lwakhe oludala lokuqamba. Ukuthola isikhathi sayo njengoba umsebenzi wokuvakasha ukhula, nokho, kuba nzima nakakhulu. Kodwa nokho uzama ukungaphambuki embusweni wakhe: ebusika - amakhonsathi, ehlobo - indaba. Ngo-1951, i-First Piano Concerto yakhe yanyatheliswa. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Nikolaeva wabhala i-sonata (1949), "I-Polyphonic Triad" (1949), Ukuhlukahluka Kwememori ka-N. Ya. UMyaskovsky (1951), izifundo zekhonsathi ezingu-24 (1953), esikhathini esizayo - i-Second Piano Concerto (1968). Konke lokhu kunikezelwe ensimbini ayithandayo - upiyano. Uvame ukufaka izingoma ezishiwo ngenhla ezinhlelweni ze-clavirabends yakhe, nakuba ethi "lena into enzima kakhulu ukuyenza ngezinto zakho ...".

Uhlu lwemisebenzi eyabhalwa nguye kwezinye, izinhlobo "ezingezona upiyano" zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele - i-symphony (1955), isithombe se-orchestra "Borodino Field" (1965), i-quartet yezintambo (1969), i-Trio (1958), i-Violin sonata (1955) ), Inkondlo ye-cello ne-orchestra (1968), inani lemisebenzi yezwi legumbi, umculo weshashalazi ne-cinema.

Futhi ngo-1958, "i-polyphony" yomsebenzi wokudala kaNikolaeva yanezelwa omunye umugqa omusha - waqala ukufundisa. (I-Moscow Conservatory iyammema.) Namuhla kunentsha eningi enekhono phakathi kwabafundi bayo; abanye baye bazibonakalisa ngempumelelo emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe - isibonelo, uM. Petukhov, B. Shagdaron, A. Batagov, N. Lugansky. Ukufunda nabafundi bakhe, u-Nikolaeva, ngokusho kwakhe, uthembele emasikweni esikole sakubo somdabu nesiseduze saseRussia, kulokho okwenzeka kuthisha wakhe u-AB Goldenweiser. "Into eyinhloko umsebenzi kanye nobubanzi bezithakazelo zengqondo zabafundi, ukubuza kwabo kanye nelukuluku, ngikwazisa kakhulu lokhu," uxoxa ngemicabango yakhe nge-pedagogy. ”yezinhlelo ezifanayo, yize lokhu kufakazela ukuphikelela okuthile komculi osemusha. Ngeshwa, namuhla le ndlela isemfashinini kunokuba singathanda ...

Uthisha we-conservatory ofunda nomfundi onesiphiwo nothembisayo ubhekene nezinkinga eziningi kulezi zinsuku,” kuqhuba uNikolaeva. Uma kunjalo... Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ithalente lomfundi ngemva kokunqoba okuqhudelanayo - kanye nezinga lakamuva livame ukulinganiswa ngokweqile - alishabalali, alilahlekelwa ubukhulu balo bangaphambili, alibi lowamuntu? Yilowo mbuzo. Futhi ngombono wami, enye yezihloko ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-pedagogy yomculo yesimanje.

Ngesinye isikhathi, ekhuluma emakhasini kamagazini iSoviet Music, uNikolaeva wabhala: “Inkinga yokuqhubeka nezifundo zalabo badlali abasebasha ababa abanqobi ngaphandle kokuphothula esikoleni somculo iqala ukuba nzima kakhulu. Ukuqhutshwa imisebenzi yekhonsathi, bayayeka ukunaka imfundo yabo ephelele, ephula ukuvumelana kwentuthuko yabo futhi ithinte kabi isithombe sabo sokudala. Kusadingeka bafunde ngokuthula, bethamele izinkulumo ngokucophelela, bazizwe bengabafundi ngempela, hhayi “izivakashi” ezixolelwa konke… “Waphetha kanje:” … izikhundla zokudala, kholisa abanye nge-credo yabo yokudala . Yilapho kungena khona ubunzima.” (I-Nikolaeva T. Reflections ngemva kokuqeda: Ibheke emiphumeleni ye-VI International Tchaikovsky Competition // Sov. Umculo. 1979. No. 2. P. 75, 74.). U-Nikolaeva ngokwakhe wakwazi ngokuphelele ukuxazulula le nkinga enzima ngempela ngesikhathi sakhe - ukumelana nokuqala futhi

impumelelo enkulu. Wakwazi “ukugcina lokho ayekunqobile, aqinise isikhundla sakhe sokudala.” Okokuqala, sibonga ukuzola kwangaphakathi, ukuzithiba, isifiso esinamandla nokuzethemba, kanye nekhono lokuhlela isikhathi somuntu. Futhi futhi ngenxa yokuthi, ukushintshanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi, waya ngesibindi emithwalweni emikhulu yokudala kanye nemithwalo emikhulu.

I-Pedagogy ithatha kuTatyana Petrovna sonke isikhathi esisele ohambweni lwekhonsathi. Futhi, noma kunjalo, kunamuhla impela lapho ezizwa ngokucace kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuthi ukuxhumana nabantu abasha kuyadingeka kuye: “Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nokuphila, hhayi ukuguga emphefumulweni, ukuze uzizwe, njengoba kunjalo. yithi, umoya wosuku lwanamuhla. Bese kuba eyodwa ngaphezulu. Uma uhlanganyela emsebenzini wokudala futhi ufunde okuthile okubalulekile nokuthakazelisayo kuwo, uyohlale ulingeka ukuba wabelane ngakho nabanye. Kungokwemvelo…”

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U-Nikolaev namuhla umelela isizukulwane esidala sabadlali bopiyano baseSoviet. Ku-akhawunti yakhe, hhayi ngaphansi noma ngaphezulu - cishe iminyaka engama-40 yekhonsathi eqhubekayo nokuzijwayeza kokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi kaTatyana Petrovna awunciphi, usasebenza ngamandla futhi wenza okuningi. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, mhlawumbe nangaphezulu kunangaphambili. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi inani lama-clavirabends akhe lifinyelela cishe ku-70-80 isizini ngayinye - isibalo esimangalisa kakhulu. Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni "lomthwalo" lokhu phambi kwabanye. (“Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi akulula,” uTatyana Petrovna wake waphawula, “noma kunjalo, amakhonsathi mhlawumbe abaluleke kakhulu kimi, ngakho-ke ngizodlala futhi ngidlale uma nje nginamandla anele.”)

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukukhangwa kukaNikolaeva emibonweni emikhulu ye-repertory akuzange kunciphe. Wayehlale ezizwa ethanda izinhlelo eziyisikhumbuzo, ochungechungeni olumangalisayo lwamakhonsathi; uyabathanda kuze kube namuhla. Kumaphosta asebusuku bakhe umuntu angabona cishe zonke izingoma zika-Bach's clavier; wenze i-Bach opus eyodwa kuphela enkulu, I-Art of Fugue, izikhathi eziningi eminyakeni yamuva. Uvame ukubhekisela ku-Goldberg Variations kanye ne-Bach's Piano Concerto ku-E Major (imvamisa ngokubambisana ne-Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra eqhutshwa ngu-S. Sondeckis). Isibonelo, zombili lezi zingoma zadlalwa nguye ku-"December Evenings" (1987) eMoscow, lapho acula khona ngokumenywa ngu-S. Richter. Amakhonsathi amaningi e-monograph nawo amenyezelwe nguye eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili - u-Beethoven (wonke ama-piano sonatas), u-Schumann, u-Scriabin, u-Rachmaninov, njll.

Kodwa mhlawumbe injabulo enkulu iyaqhubeka imlethela ukusebenza kukaShostakovich's Preludes and Fugues, okuyinto, siyakhumbula, ifakwe ku-repertoire yakhe kusukela ngo-1951, okungukuthi, kusukela esikhathini lapho idalwe khona ngumqambi. "Isikhathi sihamba, futhi ukubukeka komuntu nje kukaDmitriy Dmitrievich, yiqiniso, ngokwengxenye kuyaphela, kuyasuswa enkumbulweni. Kodwa umculo wakhe, kunalokho, uya ngokuya usondela kubantu. Uma ngaphambili bekungeyena wonke umuntu owazi ukubaluleka nokujula kwayo, manje isimo sesishintshile: angihlangani neze nezithameli lapho imisebenzi kaShostakovich ibingeke ivuse ukuthakasela okuqotho. Ngingakwahlulela lokhu ngokuzethemba, ngoba le misebenzi ngiyidlala ngokoqobo kuwo wonke amagumbi ezwe lakithi naphesheya.

Ngendlela, muva nje ngithole kudingekile ukwenza ukuqoshwa okusha kwe-Shostakovich's Preludes and Fugues ku-studio ye-Melodiya, ngoba eyedlule, esukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, isiphelelwe yisikhathi.

Unyaka we-1987 wawunezigigaba eziyingqayizivele ku-Nikolaeva. Ngaphandle kwe-“December Evenings” okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, wavakashela imikhosi emikhulu yomculo eSalzburg (Austria), Montpellier (France), Ansbach (West Germany). "Uhambo lwalolu hlobo aluwona umsebenzi kuphela - nakuba, okokuqala, kuwumsebenzi," kusho uTatyana Petrovna. “Noma kunjalo, ngithanda ukudonsela ukunaka kwelinye iphuzu futhi. Lolu hambo luletha okuningi okugqamile, okuhlukahlukene - futhi ubuciko bungaba yini ngaphandle kwabo? Amadolobha amasha namazwe, iminyuziyamu emisha kanye namaqoqo ezakhiwo, ukuhlangana nabantu abasha - kucebisa futhi kwandise umbono womuntu! Ngokwesibonelo, kwangihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukwazana kwami ​​no-Olivier Messiaen nomkakhe, uMadame Lariot (ungumdlali wopiyano, ocula zonke izingoma zakhe zopiyano).

Lokhu kujwayela kwenzeka maduzane, ebusika ka-1988. Uma ubheka i-maestro edumile, lapho, eneminyaka engu-80, egcwele amandla namandla angokomoya, ucabanga ngokuzenzakalelayo: yilowo okufanele ulingane naye, ngubani ukuthatha isibonelo ku...

Ngifunde izinto eziningi eziwusizo kimina muva nje kwenye yemikhosi, lapho ngizwa umculi omangalisayo wamaNegro u-Jessie Norman. Ngingummeleli womunye umkhakha womculo. Nokho, ngemva kokuvakashela ukusebenza kwakhe, ngokungangabazeki wagcwalisa “ibhange lengulube” lakhe lochwepheshe ngokuthile okubalulekile. Ngicabanga ukuthi idinga ukugcwaliswa njalo futhi yonke indawo, ngawo wonke amathuba ... "

Ngezinye izikhathi u-Nikolaeva uyabuzwa: lapho ephumula? Ingabe uthatha ikhefu ezifundweni zomculo? “Futhi mina, uyabona, angikhathali ngomculo,” ephendula. Futhi angiqondi ukuthi ungaze udinwe yini. Okungukuthi, abadlali abampunga, abaphakathi, vele, ungakhathala, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi usukhathele wumculo…”

Uvame ukukhumbula, ekhuluma ngezihloko ezinjalo, i-violinist yaseSoviet emangalisayo uDavid Fedorovich Oistrakh - wathola ithuba lokuvakashela phesheya naye ngesikhathi esisodwa. “Kwakuyisikhathi eside esidlule, phakathi neshumi nanhlanu, ngesikhathi sihamba ngokubambisana emazweni aseLatin America – Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil. Amakhonsathi lapho aqala futhi aphela sekwephuzile - ngemva kwamabili; futhi lapho sibuyela ehhotela, sikhathele siyingcuba, ngokuvamile kwase kuyihora lesibili noma lesithathu ekuseni. Ngakho, esikhundleni sokuyophumula, uDavid Fedorovich wathi kithi, abangane bakhe: kuthiwani uma silalela umculo omnandi manje? (Amarekhodi adlale isikhathi eside ayesanda kuvela emashalofini ezitolo ngaleso sikhathi, futhi u-Oistrakh wayenentshiseko enkulu yokuwaqoqa.) Ukwenqaba kwakungaphandle kombuzo. Uma omunye wethu engabonisanga isasasa elikhulu, uDavid Fedorovich angathukuthela kakhulu: "Awuwuthandi umculo?"...

Ngakho into esemqoka thanda umculo, kuphetha uTatyana Petrovna. Khona-ke kuyoba nesikhathi esanele namandla ayo yonke into.”

Kusafanele abhekane nemisebenzi eyahlukene engaxazululiwe kanye nobunzima ekwenzeni kwakhe - naphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe neminyaka eminingi yokuzijwayeza. Lokhu ukubheka njengento engokwemvelo ngokuphelele, ngoba kuphela ngokunqoba ukumelana nempahla umuntu angaqhubekela phambili. “Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphila kwami ​​konke ngiye ngazabalaza ngezinkinga ezihlobene nomsindo wensimbi yomculo. Akukhona konke mayelana nalokhu okwanganelisa. Futhi ukugxeka, ukukhuluma iqiniso, akuzange kungivumele ngehlise umoya. Manje, kubonakala sengathi, sengikutholile ebengikufuna, noma, kunoma yikuphi, eduze kwakho. Nokho, lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi kusasa ngiyokwaneliswa yilokho okungifanele kakhulu namuhla.

Isikole saseRussia sokudlala upiyano, u-Nikolaeva uthuthukisa umbono wakhe, ubelokhu ebonakala ngokudlala okuthambile, okumnandi. Lokhu kwafundiswa u-KN Igumnov, no-AB Goldenweiser, nabanye abaculi abavelele besizukulwane esidala. Ngakho-ke, lapho eqaphela ukuthi abanye abadlali bopiyano abasebasha baphatha upiyano ngokhahlo futhi ngendelelo, “ukungqongqoza”, “ukushaya ngamandla,” njll., kuyamdikibalisa ngempela. “Nginovalo lokuthi namuhla silahlekelwa yimikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu yezobuciko bethu. Kodwa ukulahlekelwa, ukulahlekelwa okuthile kuhlala kulula kunokulondoloza ... "

Futhi enye into isihloko sokuzindla njalo futhi ukucinga Nikolaeva. Ubulula benkulumo yomculo .. Lokho kulula, ukuba ngokwemvelo, ukucaca kwesitayela, amaciko amaningi (uma kungebona bonke) agcina efika kukho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo nohlobo lobuciko abamele lona. A. France wake wabhala: “Lapho ngiphila isikhathi eside, kulapho ngizizwa nginamandla: akekho Omuhle, obekungeke kube lula ngesikhathi esifanayo. U-Nikolaeva uvumelana ngokugcwele nala mazwi. Ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yokudlulisa lokho okubonakala kuye namuhla njengokubaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni kwezobuciko. “Ngizongeza ngokuthi emsebenzini wami ubulula okukhulunywa ngabo bufika ikakhulukazi enkingeni yesimo sesiteji somculi. Inkinga yenhlalakahle yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ungazizwa ngendlela ehlukile ngaphambi kokuya esiteji - okungcono noma okubi kakhulu. Kodwa uma umuntu ephumelela ekuzilungiseni ngokwengqondo futhi angene esimweni engikhuluma ngaso, into eyinhloko, umuntu angayicabangela, isivele yenziwe. Kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza konke lokhu ngamagama, kodwa ngolwazi, ngokuzijwayeza, uba nokujula ngokwengeziwe ngale mizwa...

Nokho, enhliziyweni yakho konke, ngicabanga ukuthi, imizwa yomuntu elula nengokwemvelo, ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyilondoloza ... Asikho isidingo sokusungula noma ukusungula noma yini. Udinga nje ukuthi ukwazi ukuzilalela futhi ulwele ukuveza imizwa yakho ngokweqiniso, ngokuqondile emculweni. Imfihlo yonke leyo.”

...Mhlawumbe, akuyona yonke into engenzeka kuNikolaeva ngokulinganayo. Futhi imiphumela ethile yokudala, ngokusobala, ayihambisani njalo nalokho okuhlosiwe. Mhlawumbe, omunye wozakwabo ngeke "avumelane" naye, akhethe enye into edlala upiyano; kwabanye, izincazelo zakhe zingase zingagculisi kangako. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ngo-March 1987, uNikolaeva wanikeza ibhendi ye-clavier eHholo Elikhulu laseMoscow Conservatory, walinikezela kuScriabin; omunye wababuyekezi kulo mcimbi ugxeke umdlali wopiyano “ngombono wakhe wezwe onethezekile” emisebenzini kaScriabin, wathi akanawo umdlalo wangempela, izinkinga zangaphakathi, ukukhathazeka, ukungqubuzana okukhulu: “Yonke into yenziwa ngandlela thize ngokwemvelo… ngomoya ka-Arensky. (Sov. music. 1987. No. 7. S. 60, 61.). Nokho, wonke umuntu uzwa umculo ngendlela yakhe: omunye - ngakho, omunye - ngokuhlukile. Yini engaba ngokwemvelo?

Kukhona okunye okubaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi u-Nikolaeva usahamba, esebenza ngokungakhathali nangomdlandla; ukuthi namanje, njengakuqala, akazitisi, ugcina “ifomu” lakhe lopiyano elihle ngokungaguquki. Ngamafuphi nje, akaphili ngezolo kwezobuciko, kodwa namuhla nakusasa. Ingabe lesi akusona isihluthulelo sesiphetho sakhe esijabulisayo nempilo ende yobuciko enomona?

G. Tsypin, 1990