Trio Sonata |

U-Trio Sonata (i-Italian sonate per due stromenti e basso continuo; i-German Triosonate; i-French sonate en trio) ingelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu. izinhlobo zekhulu le-17-18. Iqoqo T.-s. ngokuvamile yayihlanganisa izingxenye ezi-3 (okuyisizathu segama layo): amazwi amabili alinganayo e-soprano tessitura (imvamisa ivayolin, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 - zinc, viola da braccio, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17-18 - oboes, longitudinal kanye nemitshingo eguquguqukayo) kanye nebhesi (cello, viola da gamba, ngezikhathi ezithile i-bassoon, i-trombone); empeleni ku-T.-s. Abadlali abangu-4 ababambe iqhaza, njengoba iphathi ye-basso ayizange iqanjwe njengomuntu oyedwa kuphela (izwi elilodwa), kodwa futhi njenge-basso continuo yokusebenza kwe-polygonal. insimbi ngokusho kwesistimu ye-bass jikelele (i-harpsichord noma isitho, esikhathini sokuqala - theorbo, chitarron). T.-s. yavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 lonke e-Italy futhi yasakazekela nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. amazwe. Imvelaphi yayo itholakala ku-wok. kanye ne-instr. Izinhlobo ze-Renaissance sekwephuzile: ku-madrigals, canzonettes, canzones, ricercars, kanye ne-ritornellos yama-opera okuqala. Esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa (ngaphambi kwekhulu le-17), u-T.-s. wayehlala ngaphansi kwegama elithi canzona, sonata, sinfonia, isibonelo. S. Rossi ("Sinfonie et Gagliarde", 1607), J. Cima ("Sei sonate per instrumenti a 2, 3, 4", 1610), M. Neri ("Canzone del terzo tuono", 1644). Ngalesi sikhathi, kwembulwa izinhlobonhlobo zemikhuba yomqambi ngamunye, ebonakaliswa kokubili ezinhlotsheni zokwethulwa, kanye nesakhiwo somjikelezo nezingxenye zawo ngazinye. Kanye nesethulo se-homophonic, ukuthungwa kwe-fugue kusetshenziswa kakhulu; instr. amaqembu ngokuvamile azuza ubuhle obukhulu (B. Marini). Umjikelezo uhlanganisa nokuhlukahluka, okuhlanganisa i-ostinato, amafomu, kanye nemibhangqwana namaqembu emidanso. T.-s. sekwandile ebandleni nasebandleni. umculo; esontweni kwakuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kwezingxenye zenqwaba (Kyrie, Introitus) noma esikhundleni sokuhamba kancane kancane, umnikelo, njll. Umehluko wezwe (sonata da camera) kanye nesonto (sonata da chiesa) izinhlobo ze-T.-s. kwenzeke no-B. Marini (iqoqo elithi “Per ogni sorte d'istromento musicale diversi generi di sonate, da chiesa e da camera”, 1655) kanye no-G. Legrenzi (“Suonate da chiesa e da camera”, op. 2, 1656 ) . Zombili izinhlobo ziqoshwe ku-Dictionnaire de musique ka-S. Brossard ngo-1703.

Ikusasa lika-T.-s - isigamu sesi-2. 17 - cela. Ikhulu le-18 Ngalesi sikhathi, izici zemijikelezo esontweni zachazwa futhi zafanekiswa. kanye negumbi T.-s. Isisekelo somjikelezo we-4-movement sonata da chiesa kwaba ukushintshaniswa okubhanqiwe kwezingxenye eziphikisana ne-tempo, ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lokwethulwa (ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngohlelo kancane kancane - ngokushesha - kancane - ngokushesha). NgokukaBrossard, i-sonata da chiesa “ngokuvamile iqala ngomnyakazo ongathi sína nowobukhosi . . . Phetha. ukunyakaza ngesivinini esisheshayo (3/8, 6/8, 12/8) kwakuvame ukubhalwa ngohlamvu lwe-gigue. Ngokwakheka kwamazwi e-violin, ukushintshisana kokulingisa kwemisindo ye-melodic kuvamile. imishwana nezisusa. I-Sonata da camera – umdanso. i-suite evula ngesandulelo noma “i-sonata encane”. Ingxenye yokugcina, yesine, ngaphezu kwe-jig, ngokuvamile yayihlanganisa i-gavotte ne-sarabande. Kwakungekho mehluko oqinile phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-sonatas. Amasampula avelele kakhulu we-T.-s. i-classical pores ingeka-G. Vitali, G. Torelli, A. Corelli, G. Purcell, F. Couperin, D. Buxtehude, GF Handel. Engxenyeni yesibili yesithathu yekhulu lesi-2, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwe-18, kwaba khona ukuchezuka esikweni. uhlobo T.-s. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu emsebenzini ka-JS Bach, GF Handel, J. Leclerc, FE Bach, JK Bach, J. Tartini, J. Pergolesi. Isici ukusetshenziswa komjikelezo wezingxenye ezingu-1750, amafomu e-da capo kanye ne-rondo, ubuthakathaka bendima ye-polyphony, ukwakheka kwezimpawu ze-sonata engxenyeni yokuqala, esheshayo yomjikelezo. Abaqambi besikole iMannheim T.-s. iguqulelwe ku-Kammertrio noma i-Orchestertrio ngaphandle kukajenene webhesi (J. Stamitz, Six sonates a trois parties concertantes qui sont faites pour exécuter ou a trois ou avec toutes l'orchestre, op. 3, Paris, 1).

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