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I-nxo yesiGreki - umsindo, izwi, inzwabethi, echo, echo; I-Hxo - Ehu (igama le-nymph)

Ngokwezinganekwane zasendulo zezinganekwane ezivezwe ngu-Ovid, u-Apuleius, u-Ausonius nabanye abalobi basendulo, u-Echo uyi-nymph, indodakazi kankulunkulu womfula uCephis kanye ne-nymph Lavrion; iQhawe eliqalekisiweyo (ngokwezinganekwane zamaRoma - uJuno), u-E. wayengakwazi ukukhuluma kuqala, futhi waphendula imibuzo kuphela ngokuphinda amazwi okugcina; enqatshwe uNarcissus, waphenduka itshe. Igama elithi "E". kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lalisho umphumela wokubonakaliswa kwamagagasi omsindo. Uma ukubonakaliswa kufinyelela kumlaleli ngaphansi kwesekhondi elingu-1/20. ngemva komsindo oyinhloko, ihlangana nayo futhi iyithuthukise, uma ngemva kwesekhondi elingu-1/20. nokunye okwengeziwe - kubonwa njenge-dep. echo futhi kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqonda kwamagama, umbono womculo. Emikhiqizweni yomculo esebenzisa indlela ka-E., njengaku-E. yemvelo, ukuphindaphinda kwamaphimbo athile neminyuziyamu. imishwana inikezwa ngomsindo opholile, ngokuvamile ohlukaniswa ngezindlela zokubhalisa i-timbre. Umthelela we-E. unamandla kakhulu ezimeni lapho i-wok. umculo uphinda iziphetho zezakhiwo ezinama-syllables okugcina ombhalo. Enjalo E. kusukela ekhulwini le-16. evame ukusetshenziswa ngesiNtaliyane. ama-madrigals, ama-motets, ama-cantata, ama-opera. Ngezinye izikhathi, zonke izigcawu zazifakwa kuma-opera akhelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe komphumela we-E. (Indlovukazi ka-Purcell, i-Orpheus ne-Eurydice ka-Gluck, i-Ariadne auf Naxos ka-R. Strauss, nezinye). Umphumela we-E. wawusetshenziswa futhi ku-instr. umculo - ekukhiqizweni. ngezinsimbi zekhibhodi ezifana nenganekwane nokuhluka, kanye nakuma-chamber nama-symphonic instruments. op. (A. Banchieri, "Fantasia in eco", 1603; B. Marini, "Sonata in eco", 1629; K. Stamitz, "Symphonie en echo", 1721). Ngezikhathi ezithile, u-JS Bach waphendukela kumphumela ka-E. (wabiza ingxenye yokugcina ye-h-moll overture encwadini yesi-2 ye-Clavier Exercises, BWV 831, “E.”). Umthelela we-E. wabuye wasetshenziswa ama-Viennese classics (J. Haydn, "Echo" yezintambo ezingu-2. trio, Hob. II, 39; WA ​​Mozart, Nocturne for 4 orchestras, K.-V. 286). Incazelo “E.” lapho ukuqanjwa kwerejista yezitho kubonisa ukuthambile komsindo wazo (kuyo. Izitho ze-Zartflute, ezikhanyiswayo. – umtshingo opholile, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi “E.”; ngesiFulentshi – Cornet d'echo).

EV Gertzman