Eugen Szenkar |
Eugen Szenkar
Impilo kanye nendlela yokudala ka-Eugen Senkar inesivunguvungu ngokwedlulele futhi inezigigaba ngisho nangesikhathi sethu. Ngo-1961, wagubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa eBudapest, idolobha lapho ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yakhe ixhumeke khona. Lapha wazalelwa futhi wakhulela emndenini womculi odumile nomqambi uFerdinand Senkar, lapha waba umqhubi ngemva kokuphothula e-Academy of Music, futhi lapha wahola i-orchestra ye-Opera yaseBudapest okokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ingqophamlando yemisebenzi eyengeziwe kaSenkar isabalale emhlabeni jikelele. Usebenze ezindlini ze-opera nama-orchestra ePrague (1911-1913), Budapest (1913-1915), Salzburg (1915-1916), Altenberg (1916-1920), Frankfurt am Main (1920-1923), Berlin (1923-1924). ), eCologne (1924-1933).
Ngaleyo minyaka, uSenkar wazuza idumela lokuba yingcweti enomoya omuhle, umhumushi ocashile womculo wakudala nowesimanje. Ubungqabavu, ubungcweti bemibala kanye nokushesha kwesipiliyoni bekuyizingxenye ezichazayo zokubukeka kuka-Senkar - umbhidisi we-opera kanye nekhonsathi. Ubuciko bakhe obucacile buhlaba umxhwele ngendlela engavamile ezilalelini.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, i-repertoire kaSenkar yayibanzi kakhulu. Kodwa izinsika zayo zazingabaqambi ababili: iMozart yaseshashalazini noMhler ehholo lekhonsathi. Kulokhu, uBruno Walter waba nethonya elikhulu kubuntu bokudala bomculi, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe uSenkar wasebenza iminyaka eminingana. Indawo eqinile ku-repertoire yakhe iphinde ibe nemisebenzi kaBeethoven, Wagner, R. Strauss. Umqhubi waphinde wakhuthaza umculo waseRussia ngentshiseko: phakathi kwama-opera ayewenza ngaleso sikhathi kwakunguBoris Godunov, uCherevichki, Uthando Lwamawolintshi amathathu. Ekugcineni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zinkanuko zenezelwa uthando lomculo wesimanje, ikakhulukazi izingoma zomuntu wakubo uB. Bartok.
I-Fascism yathola uSenkar njengomqhubi omkhulu we-Cologne Opera. Ngo-1934, umculi washiya eJalimane futhi iminyaka emithathu, ngesimemo State Philharmonic USSR, wahola Philharmonic Orchestra eMoscow. I-Senkar ishiye uphawu olubonakalayo empilweni yethu yomculo. Wanikeza inqwaba yamakhonsathi eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha, ama-premiere amaningi emisebenzi ebalulekile ahlotshaniswa negama lakhe, kuhlanganise ne-Myaskovsky's Sixteenth Symphony, i-Khachaturian's First Symphony, ne-Prokofiev's Russian Overture.
Ngo-1937, uSenkar waqala uhambo lwakhe, kulokhu ewela ulwandle. Kusukela ngo-1939 wasebenza eRio de Janeiro, lapho asungula futhi wahola i-symphony orchestra. Ngenkathi eseBrazil, uSenkar wenza okuningi ukukhuthaza umculo we-classic lapha; wethula izethameli emisebenzini yobuciko engaziwa kaMozart, Beethoven, Wagner. Abalaleli bakhumbule ikakhulukazi "imijikelezo kaBeethoven", ayenza ngayo eBrazil nase-USA, ne-orchestra ye-NBC.
Ngo-1950, uSencar, kakade esengumqhubi ohlonishwayo, waphinde wabuyela eYurophu. Uhola amathiyetha nama-orchestra eMannheim, Cologne, Dusseldorf. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indlela yokuqhuba yomculi ilahlekelwe izici ze-ecstasy engalawuleki etholakala kuyo esikhathini esidlule, isiye yavinjelwa futhi yathambile. Kanye nabaqambi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla, u-Senkar waqala ukufaka ngokuzithandela imisebenzi ye-Impressionists ezinhlelweni zakhe, edlulisa kahle iphalethi yabo yomsindo ecashile futhi ehlukahlukene. Ngokusho kwabagxeki, ubuciko be-Senkar buthole ukujula okukhulu, ngenkathi bugcina imvelaphi yabo kanye nokuthandeka. Umbhidisi usavakasha kakhulu. Phakathi nezinkulumo zakhe eBudapest, wamukelwa ngokufudumele izilaleli zaseHungary.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969
