Ipayipi: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

Insimbi yomculo yaseRussia, okukhulunywe ngayo emisebenzini eminingi yezincwadi namafilimu, ikhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. AmaSlav ayebheka umsindo omnandi womtshingo njengomlingo, futhi yena ngokwakhe wayehlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi uLada, osekela abathandi. Izinganekwane zithi unkulunkulu wothando nothando u-Lel wajabulisa izindlebe zezintombi ngokudlala ipayipi le-birch.

Yini umtshingo

Kusukela ku-All-Slavonic "ukushaya ikhwela" - "ukushaya ikhwela". I-Svirel yiqembu lamathuluzi okushaya ikhwelo ahlanganisa iziqu ezimbili noma ezimbili. Insimbi ingeyemitshingo ye-longitudinal ebanjwe eduze komzimba ngesikhathi sokudlala; kuvamile ezindaweni ezihlala amaSlav aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu.

Kukhona uhlobo oluphindwe kabili lwepayipi - kabili. Namuhla akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. I-double yipheya leziqu ezixhunyiwe, ezilinganayo noma ezingalingani ngobude. Inzuzo yomtshingo ophindwe kabili yikhono lokusebenzisa umphumela wamazwi amabili ekudlaleni umculo. Kunezimo lapho enye yeziqu iklanyelwe ukudala umsindo wangemuva.

Lizwakala kanjani ipayipi

Umtshingo welongitudinal iyinsimbi yomculo ekahle yokwakha umculo wesintu. Umsindo okhiqizwayo umnene, uyathinta, uyabhoboza, ugcwele amathoni. Amathoni aphansi anomsindo kancane, awavamile ukusetshenziswa. Ekudaleni komculo, okuthandwayo kunikezwa amathoni anamanzi, akhanyayo, ajabulisayo werejista ephezulu.

Kulula ukudlala ngokobuchwepheshe. Izimbobo emgqonyeni zivalwa ngokushintshana futhi zivulwe ngeminwe, zifuthe umoya okhishwe embotsheni yempempe - uqhwaku.

Izindlela zomculo ikakhulukazi ziyi-diatonic, kodwa lapho izitolo zingavalwanga ngokuqinile, kuvela ama-chromatic. Ububanzi bomtshingo bungama-octave angu-2: kusukela kunothi elithi “mi” le-octave yokuqala, ukuya ku-“mi” yesi-1.

Idivayisi yepayipi

Umtshingo welongitudinal ungase ubukeke njengeshubhu lokhuni noma lensimbi. Ububanzi - 1,5 cm, ubude - mayelana 35 cm. Uqhwaku okushayelwa kulo umoya lutholakala ekugcineni komkhiqizo. Izimbobo (kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8, kodwa enguqulweni yakudala yesi-6) yokuvunguza komoya zishaywa engxenyeni emaphakathi, ziqondiswe phezulu.

Ngokwesiko laseRussia, usike ipayipi kusuka ku-maple, umlotha, i-hazel, i-buckthorn, umhlanga. Kwamanye amazwe, umtshingo we-longitudinal wenziwa ngoqalo, ithambo, i-ceramic, isiliva, ngisho nekristalu.

Ingaphakathi lethubhu lenziwe lingenalutho nge-scraper encane noma induku yensimbi eshisayo. Isiphetho esisodwa sisikwa ngokunganaki - kutholwa uqhwaku.

I-double ibukeka njengamapayipi amabili. Umgqomo ngamunye unemininingwane ehlukene yekhwela nezimbobo zokushaywa ezi-3. Umgqomo omkhulu ufinyelela ku-30-47 cm ubude, omncane - 22-35 cm. Ngokwemithetho, umenzi kufanele abambe ipayipi elikhulu ngesandla sokudla, elincane ngesobunxele.

Umlando wethuluzi

Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi umfanekiso womtshingo uvele nini. Umlando wensimbi yomculo waqala lapho indoda yasendulo ithatha induku yokhuni engenalutho, ibhoboza kuyo, futhi yenza kabusha iculo lokuqala.

Insimbi efuthwayo kuthiwa yafika emazweni amaSlav asendulo ivela eGrisi. Emibhalweni yezenzakalo kukhulunywa ngezinhlobo zayo ezintathu:

• i-tsevnitsa – umtshingo onama-barreled amaningi;
• i-nozzle - inketho ye-barrel eyodwa;
• umtshingo – okuhlukile okuneziqu ezimbili.

Igama elithi "ipayipi" yilona elidala kunabo bonke abasohlwini, lalisetshenziswa lapho amaSlavs engakahlukaniswa ngezizwe ezisempumalanga, entshonalanga naseningizimu. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwensimbi yomculo noma yonke imithombo yomculo yomoya yayibizwa kanjalo, ngoba amaSlav asendulo ayebiza abaculi abadlala noma yiziphi izinsimbi zomoya iSvirts.

Namuhla, amagama omculo athi "snot" kanye "nentambo" awasetshenziswanga, zonke izinhlobo (hhayi nje izibonelo eziphindwe kabili) zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi umtshingo.

Umthombo wokuqala obhaliwe okhuluma ngensimbi yomculo ehlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-12 - I-Tale of Bygone Years, ehlanganiswe nguNestor the Chronicle.

Ngawo-1950, abavubukuli bathola amapayipi amabili eduze kwasePskov naseNovgorod:

• Ikhulu le-11, 22,5 cm ubude, nezimbobo ezi-4;
• Ikhulu le-15, 19 cm ubude, nezimbobo ezi-3.

Ipayipi lalidlalwa ikakhulukazi izinyathi nabelusi. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, insimbi yomculo yayibhekwa njengeyasemaphandleni, eyakudala, engathandeki. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isikhulu saseRussia u-Andreev, owafunda isiko lesintu, wathuthukisa umtshingo futhi wawufaka ku-orchestra yomculo wesintu.

Insimbi yomculo wesintu enomlando wamakhulu eminyaka nomsindo we-melodic ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi idumile namuhla. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumakhonsathi omculo wesintu, amafilimu omlando, imidlalo. Umtshingo uya ngokuya uduma ezikoleni zezingane zomculo okusho ukuthi likhona ithuba lokuvuselela isasasa kuwo.