UGeorge Szell (George Szell) |

George Szell

Ngokuvamile, abaqhubi bahola amabhendi amahle kakhulu, sebevele sebezuze udumo lomhlaba. UGeorge Sell uhlukile kulo mthetho. Lapho ethatha izintambo zobuholi beCleveland Orchestra eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili edlule, wayengaziwa kangako; Yiqiniso, i-Clevelands, nakuba yayijabulela idumela elihle, eyanqotshwa uRodzinsky, ayizange ifakwe ku-elite yama-orchestra aseMelika. Umbhidisi ne-orchestra babonakala befanelana, futhi manje, ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili, baye bathola ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke ngokufanelekile.

Kodwa-ke, u-Sell, vele, akazange amenywe ngephutha esikhundleni sokuba umbhidisi omkhulu - wayaziwa kakhulu e-USA njengomculi osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nomhleli omuhle kakhulu. Lezi zimfanelo ziye zathuthuka kumqhubi weminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wobuciko. Njengoba engumCzech ngokuzalwa, u-Sell wazalelwa futhi wafunda e-Budapest, futhi lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nane wabonakala ecula yedwa ekhonsathini yomphakathi, edlala i-Rondo yepiyano kanye ne-orchestra yokwakheka kwakhe. Futhi lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, u-Sell wayesevele eqhuba i-Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yakhe njengomqhubi, umqambi kanye nomshayi wopiyano wathuthukiswa ngokuhambisana; wazithuthukisa ngothisha abangcono kakhulu, wathatha izifundo ku-J.-B. Foerster kanye no-M. Reger. Ngenkathi u-Sell oneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa enza umdlalo we-symphony yakhe eBerlin futhi edlala i-Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto, wezwakala u-Richard Strauss. Lokhu kwanquma isiphetho somculi. Umqambi ovelele wamtusa njengombhidisi waseStrasbourg, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside sikaSell sokuzulazula kwaqala. Wasebenza nama-orchestra amaningi amahle kakhulu, wazuza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yobuciko, kodwa ... isikhathi ngasinye, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kwakudingeka ashiye izigceme zakhe aye endaweni entsha. EPrague, Darmstadt, Düsseldorf, Berlin (lapha usebenze isikhathi eside - iminyaka eyisithupha), i-Glasgow, i-Hague - lezi ezinye "zezitobhi" ezinde kakhulu endleleni yakhe yokudala.

Ngo-1941, uSell wathuthela e-United States. Lapho u-Arturo Toscanini wamema ukuba aqhube i-orchestra yakhe ye-NBC, futhi lokhu kwamlethela impumelelo nezimemo eziningi. Sekuyiminyaka emine esebenza kuMetropolitan Opera, lapho enza khona imidlalo eminingi evelele (uSalome noDer Rosenkavalier kaStrauss, Tannhäuser kanye noDer Ring des Nibelungen kaWagner, Otello kaVerdi). Khona-ke umsebenzi waqala ngeCleveland Orchestra. Kwakulapha, ekugcineni, ukuthi izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zomqhubi zakwazi ukuzibonakalisa - isiko eliphezulu lochwepheshe, ikhono lokufeza ukuphelela kobuchwepheshe nokuvumelana ekusebenzeni, umbono obanzi. Konke lokhu, kusize uSell ukuthi anyuse izinga lokudlala leqembu libe phezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuthengisa kubuye kwazuza ukwanda kosayizi we-orchestra (kusuka ku-85 kuya kubaculi abangaphezu kwe-100); kwasungulwa ikhwaya ehlala unomphela ku-orchestra, eholwa umqhubi onethalente uRobert Shaw. Ukuhlukahluka komqhubi kube nomthelela ekwandeni komjikelezo wonke we-orchestra, ehlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyisikhumbuzo yasendulo - uBeethoven, uBrahms, uHaydn, uMozart. Ubuhlakani babo buyisisekelo sezinhlelo zomqhubi. Indawo ebalulekile ku-repertoire yakhe iphinde ibe nomculo waseCzech, ikakhulukazi eduze nobuntu bakhe bobuciko.

Sell ​​wenza ngokuzithandela umculo waseRussia (ikakhulukazi uRimsky-Korsakov noTchaikovsky) futhi usebenza ngababhali besimanje. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, iCleveland Orchestra, eholwa nguSzell, izenzele igama esiteji samazwe ngamazwe. Waphinda kabili uhambo olukhulu lwaseYurophu (ngo-1957 nango-1965). Ohambweni lwesibili, i-orchestra yadlala amasonto ambalwa ezweni lakithi. Izilaleli zaseSoviet zazisa ikhono eliphakeme lomqhubi, ukunambitheka kwakhe okuhle, nekhono lakhe lokudlulisela ngokucophelela imibono yabaqambi ezilalelini.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969