Okhiye Parallel: kuyini futhi kanjani ukuzithola?

Udaba lokugcina lwalugxile ekucatshangelweni kwemiqondo yomculo njengemodi nethoni. Namuhla sizoqhubeka nokufunda lesi sihloko esikhulu futhi sikhulume ngokuthi yiziphi izihluthulelo ezifanayo, kodwa okokuqala sizophinda kafushane indaba yangaphambilini.

Okuyisisekelo kwemodi nokuguquguquka kwezwi emculweni

ULad - leli yiqembu elikhethiwe ngokukhethekile (i-gamma) lemisindo, lapho kukhona izinyathelo eziyisisekelo - ezizinzile futhi kukhona ezingaguquki ezilalela ezinzile. Enye imodi inomlingiswa, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela - isibonelo, ezinkulu nezincane.

Key - lena indawo yokuphakama ye-fret, ngoba isikali esikhulu noma esincane singakhiwa, siculwe noma sidlalwe kunoma yimuphi umsindo. Lo msindo uzobizwa tonic, futhi umsindo obaluleke kakhulu we-tonality, ozinzile futhi, ngokufanele, isinyathelo sokuqala semodi.

Amathoni anamagama, esiqonda ngayo ukuthi ikuphi ukukhathazeka nokuthi ikuphi ukuphakama. Izibonelo zamagama angukhiye: C-MAJOR, D-MAJOR, MI-MAJOR noma C-MINOR, D-MINOR, MI-MINOR. Leyo igama lokhiye lidlulisela ulwazi ngezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile - okokuqala, mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lwe-tonic (noma umsindo oyinhloko) i-tonality, futhi, okwesibili, hlobo luni lwe-modal mood i-tonality enayo (iyini uhlamvu - enkulu noma encane).

Okokugcina, okhiye bahluke komunye nomunye futhi ngezibonakaliso zokuguqulwa, okungukuthi, ngokuba khona kwanoma yikuphi okubukhali noma amaflethi. Lo mehluko ubangelwa ukuthi izikali ezinkulu nezincane zinesakhiwo esikhethekile ngokuya ngamathoni nama-semitones (funda kabanzi esihlokweni esandulele, okungukuthi LAPHA). Ngakho-ke, ukuze enkulu ibe enkulu, futhi encane ibe yincane ngempela, ngezinye izikhathi inombolo ethile yezinyathelo ezishintshiwe (ezinobukhali noma ngamaflethi) kufanele zengezwe esikalini.

Isibonelo, kukhiye we-D MAJOR kunezibonakaliso ezimbili kuphela - ama-sharp amabili (i-F-sharp ne-C-sharp), futhi kukhiye we-LA MAJOR kukhona kakade ama-sharps amathathu (F, C no-G). Noma kukhiye we-D MINOR - ifulethi elilodwa (B-flat), futhi ku-F MINOR - amafulethi amane (si, mi, la kanye ne-re).

Manje ake sibuze umbuzo? Ingabe zonke izihluthulelo zihluke ngempela futhi azikho izikali ezifanayo? Futhi ingabe likhona ngempela igebe elikhulu elingavaleki phakathi kokukhulu nokuncane? Kuvela ukuthi, cha, banokuxhumana nokufana, okuningi kulokho kamuva.

Okhiye abahambisanayo

Asho ukuthini amagama athi “parallel” noma “parallelism”? Nazi izinkulumo ezaziwayo kuwe njengokuthi “imigqa ehambisanayo” noma “umhlaba ofanayo”. I-Parallel yileyo ekhona kanyekanye nento ethize futhi iyafana nale nto. Futhi igama elithi "parallel" lifana kakhulu negama elithi "pair", okungukuthi, izinto ezimbili, izinto ezimbili, noma ezinye i-pair zihlale zifana.

Imigqa ehambisanayo iyimigqa emibili esendizeni eyodwa, iyafana njengamaconsi amabili amanzi futhi ayihlangani (ihlobene, kodwa ayinqamuki - kahle, akumangalisi yini?). Khumbula, ku-geometry, imigqa ehambisanayo ichazwa ngokushaywa kabili (// kanje), emculweni, futhi, ukuqokwa okunjalo kuzokwamukeleka.

Ngakho-ke, nazi okhiye abahambisanayo - lezi izihluthulelo ezimbili ezifanayo komunye nomunye. Kuningi okufanayo phakathi kwabo, kodwa futhi kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Yini evamile? Banayo yonke imisindo efanayo. Njengoba imisindo yonke iqondana, kusho ukuthi zonke izimpawu kufanele zifane - ama-Sharps namaflethi. Kunjalo: okhiye abahambisanayo banezimpawu ezifanayo.

Isibonelo, ake sithathe okhiye ababili u-C OMKHULU kanye no-A MINOR – kokubili lapho nalapho azikho izimpawu, yonke imisindo iyahambisana, okusho ukuthi lezi zikhiye ziyahambisana.

Esinye isibonelo. Ukhiye we-MI-FLAT MAJOR onamagumbi amathathu (si, mi, la) kanye nokhiye we-C MINOR nawo onalawo mafulethi amathathu. Futhi sibona okhiye abahambisanayo.

Uyini-ke umehluko phakathi kwalawa mathoni? Futhi wena ngokwakho ubheke ngokucophelela amagama (C MAJOR // A MINOR). UCABANGANI? Uyabona phela ukhiye owodwa mkhulu, owesibili mncane. Esibonelweni esinamapheya esibili (MI-FLAT MAJOR // C MINOR), okufanayo kuyiqiniso: eyodwa inkulu, enye incane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okhiye abahambisanayo banokuthambekela kwe-modal okuphambene, imodi ephambene. Ukhiye owodwa uzohlala umkhulu, kanti owesibili - omncane. Kulungile: abaphikisanayo bayaheha!

Yini enye ehlukile? Isilinganiso se-C-MAJOR siqala ngenothi ethi DO, okungukuthi, inothi ethi DO kuyo yi-tonic. Isikali esithi A MINOR siqala, njengoba uqonda, ngenothi LA, okuyi-tonic kulo khiye. Okungukuthi, kwenzekani? Imisindo ekulezi zihluthulelo iyafana ngokuphelele, kodwa banamakhomanda aphakeme ahlukene, amathonikhi ahlukene. Nanku umehluko wesibili.

Ake sifinyelele iziphetho ezithile. Ngakho-ke, izihluthulelo ezihambisanayo ziyizihluthulelo ezimbili ezinemisindo yesikali esifanayo, izimpawu ezifanayo (ezibukhali noma amaflethi), kodwa i-tonics iyahluka futhi imodi iphambene (enye inkulu, enye incane).

Izibonelo ezengeziwe zokhiye abahambisanayo:

• D OMKHULU // B MINOR (kokubili kukhona futhi kukhona okubukhali okubili - F no-C);
• I-MAJOR // F SHARP MINOR (izici ezintathu kukhiye ngamunye);
• F ENKULU // D MINOR (ifulethi elilodwa elijwayelekile – B flat);
• I-B FLAT MAJOR // G MINOR (amafulethi amabili laphaya nalapha - si kanye no-mi).

Ngiwuthola kanjani ukhiye ohambisanayo?

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi unquma kanjani ukhiye parallel, ake sithole impendulo yalo mbuzo empirically. Bese sizokwakha umthetho.

Cabanga nje: U-C MAJOR kanye no-A MINOR okhiye abahambisanayo. Futhi manje ngitshele: kuliphi izinga NGAPHAMBI KWE-MAJOR "ukungena emhlabeni ofanayo"? Noma, ngamanye amazwi, yiliphi izinga le-C MAJOR eliyi-tonic ye-parallel encane?

Manje ake sikwenze i-topsy-turvy. Ungaphuma kanjani ebumnyameni A MINOR ungene endaweni enelanga efanayo futhi ejabulisayo C MAJOR? Ikuphi "i-portal" yokuya emhlabeni ofanayo ngalesi sikhathi? Ngamanye amazwi, iyiphi idigri yengane eyi-tonic ye-parallel major?

Izimpendulo zilula. Esimweni sokuqala: i-degree yesithupha i-tonic ye-parallel encane. Esimweni sesibili: i-degree yesithathu ingabhekwa njenge-tonic ye-parallel major. Ngendlela, akudingekile neze ukufika ezingeni lesithupha lesikhulu isikhathi eside (okungukuthi, ukubala izinyathelo eziyisithupha kusukela kweyokuqala), kwanele ukwehla izinyathelo ezintathu ukusuka ku-tonic futhi sizokwenza. finyelela kuleli zinga lesithupha ngendlela efanayo.

Ake sakhe manje BUSA (kodwa hhayi okokugcina okwamanje). Ngakho, ukuthola i-tonic ye-parallel encane, kwanele ukwehla ngezinyathelo ezintathu ukusuka esinyathelweni sokuqala sokhiye omkhulu wokuqala. Ukuze uthole i-tonic ye-parallel major, ngokuphambene nalokho, udinga ukukhuphuka izinyathelo ezintathu.

Hlola lo mthetho ngezinye izibonelo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi banezimpawu. Futhi lapho sehla noma sehla ngezitebhisi, kufanele sisho lezi zimpawu, okungukuthi, sizicabangele.

Isibonelo, ake sithole okuncane okuhambisanayo kukhiye we-G MAJOR. Lo khiye uqukethe eyodwa ebukhali (F-sharp), okusho ukuthi kuzophinde kube khona oyedwa ocijile ngokuhambisana. Sehla ngezinyathelo ezintathu ukusuka ku-SOL: SOL, F-SHARP, MI. IMA! I-MI iyinothi nje esilidingayo; lesi yisinyathelo sesithupha futhi lena yokungena encane ehambisanayo! Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhiye ohambisana no-G MAJOR uzoba ngu-MI MINOR.

Esinye isibonelo. Ake sithole ukhiye ohambisanayo we-F MINOR. Kunamafulethi amane kulo khiye (si, mi, la kanye ne-re-flat). Sikhuphuka izitebhisi ezintathu ukuze sivule umnyango we-parallel major. Ukunyathela: F, G, A-FLAT. IMA! I-A-FLAT - nansi umsindo oyifunayo, nansi ukhiye othandwayo! I-FLAT MAJOR ingukhiye ohambisana no-F MINOR.

Indlela yokunquma i-parallel tonality ngokushesha nakakhulu?

Ungayithola kanjani i-parallel enkulu noma encane kulula nakakhulu? Futhi, ikakhulukazi, uma singazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ngokuvamile ezikhona kulo khiye? Ake sithole futhi ngezibonelo!

Sisanda kuhlonza ukufana okulandelayo: G ENKULU // E MINOR kanye no-F MINOR // A FLAT MAJOR. Futhi manje ake sibone ukuthi liyini ibanga phakathi kwama-tonics wokhiye abahambisanayo. Ibanga emculweni likalwa ngezikhawu, futhi uma wazi kahle isihloko esithi “Inani Elingalingani Nekhwalithi Yezikhawu”, ungathola kalula ukuthi isikhawu esisithandayo siyingxenye yesithathu encane.

Phakathi kwemisindo ethi SOL ne-MI (phansi) kukhona ingxenye yesithathu encane, ngoba sidlula izinyathelo ezintathu, nethoni eyodwa nengxenye. Phakathi kwe-FA ne-A-FLAT (phezulu) futhi ingxenye yesithathu encane. Futhi phakathi kwama-tonics wezinye izikali ezifanayo, kuzoba nesikhawu sesithathu esincane.

Kuvela okulandelayo BUSA (kwenziwe lula futhi okokugcina): ukuze uthole ukhiye ohambisanayo, udinga ukubeka eceleni ingxenye yesithathu encane ukusuka ku-tonic - phezulu uma sifuna i-parallel enkulu, noma phansi uma sifuna okuncane okuhambisanayo.

Zijwayeze (ungeqa uma konke kucacile)

Umsebenzi: thola okhiye abahambisanayo be-C SHARP MINOR, B FLAT MINOR, B MAJOR, F SHARP MAJOR.

Isinqumo: udinga ukwakha izingxenye ezintathu ezincane. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yesithathu encane ukusuka ku-C-SHARP ukuya phezulu i-C-SHARP ne-MI, okusho ukuthi i-MI MAJOR izoba ukhiye ofanayo. Kusuka ku-B-FLAT futhi kwakha ingxenye yesithathu encane, ngoba sifuna i-parallel enkulu, sithola - i-D-FLAT MAJOR.

Ukuze sithole i-parallel encane, sibeka okwesithathu phansi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yesithathu encane evela ku-SI isinika i-G-SHARN MINOR, ehambisana ne-SI MAJOR. Kusuka ku-F-SHARP, okwesithathu okuncane phansi kunikeza umsindo we-D-SHARP futhi, ngokufanele, uhlelo lwe-D-SHARP MINOR.

Izimpendulo: I-C-SHARP MINOR // MI OMKHULU; I-B-FLAT MINOR // D-FLAT MAJOR; B ENKULU // I-G SHARP MINOR; F OKUSHINILE OKUKHULU // D OKUSHIYE OKUNCANE.

Ingabe akhona amapheya amaningi okhiye abanjalo?

Sekukonke, okhiye abayishumi nambili basetshenziswa emculweni, ingxenye yabo (15) inkulu, kanti ingxenye yesibili (enye i-15) incane, futhi, uyazi, akukho ukhiye owodwa yedwa, wonke umuntu unepheya. Okusho ukuthi, kuvela ukuthi sekuphelele kukhona amapheya angu-15 wezihluthulelo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Vuma, amapheya ayi-15 kulula ukuwakhumbula kunezilinganiso ezingama-30?

Ngaphezu kwalokho - kunzima nakakhulu! Kulawa mapheya angu-15, amapheya ayisikhombisa abukhali (kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-7 abukhali), amapheya ayisikhombisa ayisicaba (kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-7 flats), i-pair eyodwa ifana "negwababa elimhlophe" ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kubonakala sengathi ungakwazi ukusho kalula lawa mathoni amabili ahlanzekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Akuyona i-C MAJOR ene-MINOR?

Okusho ukuthi, manje awudingi ukukhumbula okhiye abasabekayo abangama-30 abanezimpawu ezingaqondakali, futhi hhayi amapheya ayi-15 asabekayo, kodwa ikhodi yomlingo "1 + 7 + 7". Manje sizobeka zonke lezi zikhiye etafuleni ukuze zicace. Kuleli thebula lezikhiye, kuzocaca ngokushesha ukuthi ubani ohambisana nobani, bangaki abalingiswa nokuthi yiziphi.

Ithebula lokhiye abahambisanayo nezimpawu zabo

Ungalanda ithebula elifanayo ngendlela elungele ukusetshenziswa njengephepha lokukopela ngefomethi ye-pdf ukuze uphrinte - ZITHATHELE

Yilokho kuphela okwamanje. Komagazini abalandelayo, uzofunda ukuthi ziyini izikhiye zegama elifanayo, kanye nendlela yokukhumbula ngokushesha futhi unomphela izimpawu ezikokhiye, nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokubona ngokushesha izimpawu uma uzikhohliwe.

Nokho, manje sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ifilimu edwetshwe ngesandla enomculo omangalisayo ka-Mozart. Ngesinye isikhathi uMozart walunguza ngefasitela wabona ukuthi ibutho lezempi lalidlula emgwaqweni. Ibutho langempela lezempi eligqoke imifaniswano ekhazimulayo, elinemitshingo nezigubhu zaseTurkey. Ubuhle nobukhulu balo mbukiso kwamethusa kakhulu uMozart kangangokuthi ngalolo suku waqamba igama lakhe elithi “Turkish March” (isiphetho sepiyano sonata No. 11) – umsebenzi owaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

WA Mozart "Turkish March"