Ungazikhumbula kanjani izimpawu ezikhiye?

Kumagazini olandelayo, sizokufundisa ukuthi ungazibamba kanjani ngekhanda izimpawu kokhiye, sikwethulele amasu azokuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha izimpawu kunoma yimuphi ukhiye.

Ake sithi nje ungakwazi ukuthatha futhi ufunde izimpawu kubo bonke okhiye njengethebula lokuphindaphinda. Akunzima njengoba kubonakala. Isibonelo, umbhali wale migqa wenza lokho kanye: ekubeni umfundi webanga lesibili lesikole somculo, echithe imizuzu engu-20-30, wabamba ngekhanda ngobuqotho lokho okwakushiwo uthisha, futhi ngemva kwalokho azibange zisaba nezinkinga nge. ukukhumbula ngekhanda. Ngendlela, kulabo abathanda le ndlela, futhi wonke umuntu odinga ishidi lokukopela eliyisihluthulelo sezifundo ze-solfeggio, ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko itafula lezihluthulelo nezimpawu zabo ezinokhiye onethuba lokulanda zizonikezwa.

Kodwa uma kuwukuthi awunaso isithakazelo ekufundeni, noma uma nje ungakwazi ukuziletha ukuba uhlale phansi futhi ufunde, ke qhubeka ufunda lokho esikulungiselele kona. Sizokwenza kahle zonke izihluthulelo ngendlela enengqondo. Futhi, qeqesha - kulokhu, phakathi nesihloko kuzoba nemisebenzi ekhethekile.

Bangaki okhiye abakhona emculweni?

Sekukonke, kusetshenziswa okhiye abakhulu abangama-30 emculweni, abangahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:

• 2 okhiye abangenazo izimpawu (khumbula ngokushesha - C enkulu kanye no-A minor);
• okhiye abangu-14 abanobukhali (okungu-7 wabo omkhulu no-7 bancane, kukhiye ngamunye omkhulu noma omncane kunokhiye owodwa kuya kwayisikhombisa);
• 14 okhiye abanamafulethi (okuhlanganisa 7 ezinkulu kanye 7 ezincane, ngalinye linefulethi elilodwa kuya kwayisikhombisa).

Okhiye lapho inombolo efanayo yezinhlamvu, okungukuthi, inombolo efanayo yamaflethi noma ama-Sharps, abizwa ngokuthi okhiye abahambisanayo. Okhiye abahambisanayo "bakhona ngababili": enye yazo inkulu, enye incane. Isibonelo: U-C omkhulu kanye no-A omncane okhiye abahambisanayo, njengoba benenombolo efanayo yezinhlamvu - zero (azikho: awekho ama-Sharps noma amaflethi). Noma esinye isibonelo: I-G enkulu kanye ne-E minor nazo zingokhiye abahambisanayo abanociji olulodwa (u-F obukhali kuzo zombili izimo).

Ama-Tonic okhiye abahambisanayo aqhelelene nesikhawu sesithathu esincane ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke, uma sazi noma yimuphi ukhiye owodwa, singathola kalula ohambisanayo futhi sithole ukuthi zingaki izimpawu ezizoba nazo. Ungafunda ngokhiye abahambisanayo ngokuningiliziwe kumagazini wangaphambilini wesayithi lethu. Udinga ukwazi ukuzithola ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ake sikhumbule imithetho ethile.

Umthetho ongunombolo 1. Ukuthola okuncane okuhambisanayo, sakha ingxenye yesithathu encane phansi kusukela kudigri yokuqala yokhiye omkhulu wokuqala. Isibonelo: ukhiye ngu-F-omkhulu, owesithathu omncane kusuka ku-F ngu-FD, ngakho-ke, u-D-mncane uzoba ukhiye ofanayo we-F enkulu.

Umthetho ongunombolo 2. Ukuthola okuyinhloko okuhambisanayo, sakha ingxenye yesithathu encane, ngokuphambene, ukuya phezulu ukusuka esinyathelweni sokuqala sokhiye omncane owaziwa yithi. Isibonelo, i-tonality ye-G minor inikezwa, sakha ingxenye yesithathu encane phezulu ukusuka ku-G, sithola umsindo we-B-flat, okusho ukuthi i-B-flat enkulu izoba ukhiye omkhulu ofanayo oyifunayo.

Ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokhiye abacijile nabayisicaba ngamagama?

Masenze ukubhuka ngokushesha ukuthi asikho isidingo sokubamba yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okokuqala, kungcono ukukuthola, kuphela ngezihluthulelo ezinkulu, ngoba kuzoba nezimpawu ezifanayo ngokufana okuncane.

Ngakho-ke, ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokhiye abakhulu ababukhali nabayisicaba? Kulula kakhulu!

Amagama okhiye abayisicaba ngokuvamile aqukethe igama elithi “flat”: B-flat major, E-flat major, A-flat major, D-flat major, njll. Okuhlukile ukhiye ka-F omkhulu, nawo oyisicaba, nakuba igama elithi flat alishiwongo egameni lalo. Okusho ukuthi, ngamanye amazwi, okhiye abanjengo-G-flat enkulu, i-C-flat enkulu noma i-F enkulu, kuzoba khona amafulethi ayisihluthulelo (kusuka kweyodwa kuya kweyisikhombisa).

Amagama okhiye abacijile awasho lutho ngengozi, noma igama elibukhali likhona. Isibonelo, okhiye be-G enkulu, D enkulu, A enkulu, F ebukhali enkulu, C ebukhali enkulu, njll. bazoba bukhali. Kodwa lapha, uma kuqhathaniswa, kukhona okuhlukile okulula. I-C enkulu, njengoba wazi, ingukhiye ongenazimpawu, ngakho-ke ayisebenzi ekubukhali. Futhi okunye okuhlukile - futhi, F enkulu (ukhiye oyisicaba, njengoba sesishilo kakade).

Ake siphinde futhi IMITHETHO. Uma kukhona igama elithi "flat" esihlokweni, khona-ke ukhiye uyisicaba (okuhlukile ngu-F omkhulu - futhi uyisicaba). Uma lingekho igama elithi “flat” noma kukhona igama elithi “bukhali”, khona-ke ukhiye ubukhali (okuhlukile kokuthi C okukhulu ngaphandle kwezimpawu kanye ne-flat F enkulu).

Ukuhleleka okucacile nokuhleleka okuphansi

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqhubekele encazelweni yangempela yezimpawu zangempela kukhiye othile, siqale sibhekane nemibono efana nokuhleleka kwama-Sharps kanye nokuhleleka kwamafulethi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-sharps namaflethi kumakhi avela kancane kancane futhi hhayi ngokungahleliwe, kodwa ngokulandelana okuchazwe ngokuqinile.

Ukuhleleka kwama-Sharps kumi kanje: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Futhi, uma kukhona okubukhali okukodwa kuphela esikalini, khona-ke kuyoba ncamashi u-F, hhayi omunye. Uma kukhona ama-Sharps amathathu kukhiye, khona-ke, ngokulandelanayo, lezi zizoba ngu-F, C kanye no-G-ebukhali. Uma kukhona ama-sharp amahlanu, bese kuba ngu-F-sharp, u-C-sharp, u-G-sharp, u-D-sharp no-A-sharp.

Ukuhleleka kwamaflethi kuyi-oda elifanayo lama-sharps, kuphela "i-topsy-turvy", okungukuthi, ekuhambeni kwezinhlangothi: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA. Uma kukhona ifulethi elilodwa kusihluthulelo, khona-ke kuyoba yi-B-flat ncamashi, uma kukhona amafulethi amabili - si ne-mi-flat, uma kukhona amane, khona-ke si, mi, la kanye ne-re.

Ukuhleleka kwama-Sharps namaflethi kufanele kufundwe. Kulula, kuyashesha, futhi kuwusizo kakhulu. Ungafunda ngokumane usho umugqa ngamunye ngokuzwakalayo izikhathi ezingu-10, noma uwakhumbule njengamagama abanye abalingiswa benganekwane, njengeNdlovukazi uFadosol re Lamisi kanye neNkosi uSimil re Soldof.

Ukunquma izimpawu ngokhiye abakhulu abacijile

Ngokhiye abakhulu abacijile, ukucijile kokugcina kuyisinyathelo esingaphambi kwe-tonic, ngamanye amazwi, ukucijile kokugcina kuyisinyathelo esingaphansi kwe-tonic. I-tonic, njengoba wazi, isinyathelo sokuqala sesikali, sihlala sikhona egameni lesihluthulelo.

Isibonelo, i ake sithathe ukhiye we-G enkulu: i-tonic inothi G, ebukhali yokugcina izoba inothi eliphansi kune-G, okungukuthi, lizoba ngu-F elibukhali. Manje sihamba ngokulandelana kwama-sharps FA TO SOL RE LI MI SI futhi sime endaweni ebukhali yokugcina oyifunayo, okungukuthi, i-fa. Kwenzakalani? Udinga ukuma ngokushesha, ekubukhali kokuqala, ngenxa yalokho - ku-G enkulu kukhona eyodwa kuphela ebukhali (F-ebukhali).

Esinye isibonelo. Ake sithathe ukhiye ka-E omkhulu. Iyini i-tonic? Mi! Yimuphi obukhali ozoba owokugcina? I-Re inothi elilodwa elingaphansi kwe-mi! Sihamba ngokulandelana kwama-sharps futhi sime ngomsindo othi "re": fa, do, sol, re. Kuvele ukuthi bane kuphela abacijile ku-E enkulu, sisanda kubabala.

IMIYALELO ukuthola okubukhali: 1) nquma i-tonic; 2) nquma ukuthi yikuphi okubukhali okuzoba okokugcina; 3) hamba ngokulandelana kwama-Sharps futhi ume endaweni ebukhali yokugcina oyifunayo; 4) yenza isiphetho - bangaki ama-Sharps asesihluthulelweni nokuthi bayini.

UMSEBENZI WOKUQEQESHA: thola izimpawu ezikhiyeni ze-A enkulu, B enkulu, F-ebukhali enkulu.

SOLUTION (phendula imibuzo yokhiye ngamunye): 1) Iyini ithoni? 2) Kuzoba yini okokugcina okubukhali? 3) Mangaki ama-Sharps azoba khona futhi yiziphi?

Ukunquma izimpawu kokhiye abakhulu abayisicaba

Kokhiye abaphansi, kuhluke kancane. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi kokhiye-okuhlukile, F enkulu iyifulethi elilodwa kuphela (elokuqala ngokulandelana lithi B-flat). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho umi kanje: i-tonic kukhiye oyisicaba yifulethi elingaphambili. Ukuze unqume izimpawu, udinga ukuhamba ngokulandelana kwamafulethi, uthole igama lesihluthulelo kuwo (okungukuthi, igama le-tonic) bese wengeza enye, ifulethi elilandelayo.

Isibonelo, i Ake sichaze izimpawu ze-A-flat major. Sihamba ngokulandelana kwamafulethi futhi sithola i-A-flat: si, mi, la - nansi. Okulandelayo - engeza elinye ifulethi: si, mi, la kanye ne-re! Sithola: ku-A-flat major kunamafulethi amane kuphela (si, mi, la, re).

Esinye isibonelo. Ake sichaze izimpawu ku-G-flat major. Sihamba ngokulandelana: si, mi, la, re, usawoti - nansi i-tonic futhi sifaka nefulethi elilandelayo - si, mi, la, re, SALT, do. Sekukonke, kunamafulethi ayisithupha e-G-flat major.

IMIYALELO ukuthola amafulethi: 1) hamba ngokulandelana kwamafulethi; 2) finyelela i-tonic bese wengeza enye flat ngaphezulu; 3) yenza iziphetho - mangaki amaflethi akukhiye nokuthi yimaphi.

UMSEBENZI WOKUQEQESHA: thola inani lezinhlamvu kokhiye be-B-flat enkulu, i-E-flat enkulu, i-F-major, i-D-flat enkulu.

SOLUTION (senza ngokwemiyalelo)

Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu kokhiye abancane?

Kokhiye abancane, vele, umuntu angaqhamuka nemithetho elula. Isibonelo: kokhiye abancane abacijile, ukucijile kokugcina kuyisinyathelo esiphezulu kune-tonic, noma kokhiye abancane abayisicaba, iflethi lokugcina linezinyathelo ezimbili eziphansi kune-tonic. Kodwa inani elikhulu ngokwedlulele lemithetho lingabangela ukudideka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunquma izimpawu kokhiye abancane ngabakhulu abahambisanayo.

CAPHELA: 1) okokuqala nquma ukhiye omkhulu ofanayo (ukwenza lokhu, sikhuphukela esikhaleni sesithathu esincane esivela ku-tonic); 2) ukunquma izimpawu parallel ukhiye omkhulu; 3) izimpawu ezifanayo zizoba esikalini esincane sokuqala.

Ngokwesibonelo. Ake sichaze izimpawu ze-F-sharp minor. Ngokushesha kuyacaca ukuthi sibhekene nokhiye abacijile (igama elithi "bukhali" esihlokweni selivele lizibonisile). Ake sithole ithoni ehambisanayo. Ukuze senze lokhu, sibeka eceleni ingxenye encane yesithathu phezulu ukusuka ku-F-sharp, sithola umsindo othi "la" - i-tonic ye-parallel major. Ngakho-ke, manje sidinga ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziku-A ezinkulu. Ku-A main (ukhiye ocijile): i-tonic ithi “la”, ebukhali yokugcina ithi “sol”, kunama-Sharp amathathu esewonke (fa, do, sol). Ngakho-ke, ku-F-sharp minor kuzoba nama-Sharps amathathu (F, C, G).

Esinye isibonelo. Ake sichaze izimpawu ku-F minor. Okwamanje akukacaci noma ukhiye ocijile noma oyisicaba. Sithola ukufana: sakha ingxenye yesithathu encane phezulu ukusuka ku- "fa", sithola "i-flat". I-A-flat major iyisistimu ehambisanayo, igama liqukethe igama elithi "flat", okusho ukuthi u-F omncane uzophinde abe ukhiye oyisicaba. Sinquma inani lamafulethi ku-A-flat enkulu: sihamba ngokulandelana kwamafulethi, sifinyelela ku-tonic bese sengeza uphawu olulodwa: si, mi, la, re. Sekukonke - amafulethi amane ku-A flat major kanye nenombolo efanayo ngo-F minor (si, mi, la, re).

UMSEBENZI WOKUQEQESHWA: Thola izimpawu kokhiye C-sharp minor, B ncane, G ncane, C ncane, D ncane, A ncane.

SOLUTION (siphendula imibuzo futhi kancane kancane sifinyelele eziphethweni ezidingekayo): 1) Ithini iphimbo elihambisanayo? 2) Ingabe ibukhali noma iyisicaba? 3) Zingaki izimpawu ezikuyo futhi yiziphi? 4) Siphetha - yiziphi izimpawu ezizoba kukhiye wokuqala.

Ithebula “Amathoni nezimpawu zawo kukhiye”

Futhi manje, njengoba kuthenjisiwe ekuqaleni, sikunikeza itafula lezikhiye ezinezimpawu zabo ezibalulekile. Ethebulani, okhiye abahambisanayo abanenani elifanayo lezici ezicijile noma amafulethi abhalwe ndawonye; ikholomu yesibili inikeza uhlamvu okushiwo okhiye; kwesesithathu – inani labalingiswa liyakhonjiswa, kanti kowesine – kuchazwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlamvu ezisesikalini esithile.

Leli thebula lingalandwa ukuze liphrinte uma udinga ishidi lokukhohlisa le-solfeggio - LANDA. Ngemva kokuzijwayeza ukusebenza ngokhiye abahlukene, izihluthulelo eziningi nezimpawu ezikuzo zikhunjulwa ngokwazo.

Siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo esihlokweni sesifundo. Ividiyo inikeza enye indlela efanayo yokubamba ngekhanda izinhlamvu eziyinhloko kokhiye abahlukahlukene.