Ibhola Lomlando

I-Tuba – insimbi yomculo encane kunawo wonke evela ezinsimbini zomculo zethusi eziningi kanye nerejista ephansi kakhulu phakathi kohlobo lwayo. Ithuluzi elisha ladalwa eJalimane izingcweti u-W. Wiepricht no-K. Moritz. I-tuba yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1835 endaweni yokusebenzela yomculo nezinsimbi yaseMoritz. Kodwa-ke, umshini we-valve wadalwa ngokungalungile, ngenxa yalokho, i-timbre ekuqaleni yayinonya, ilukhuni futhi imbi. Ama-tubas okuqala asetshenziswa kuphela "engadini" nama-orchestra ezempi. Omunye umpetha wezinsimbi ophambili, u-Adolphe Sax, ukwazile ukuthuthukisa, wayenza ngendlela esiyazi ngayo namuhla, wayinikeza impilo yangempela ye-orchestra ngemva kokuba insimbi ifike eFrance. Ngemva kokukhetha izilinganiso zesikali esiqondile futhi ebalwe ngendlela efanele ubude obudingekayo bekholomu yokukhala, umpetha uthole i-sonority enhle kakhulu. I-tuba yayiyinsimbi yokugcina, lapho kufika ukwakhiwa kwe-orchestra ye-symphony ekugcineni kwakhiwa. Umanduleli we-tuba kwakuyi-ophicleide yasendulo, okwathi yona yaba ngumlandeli wensimbi eyinhloko ye-bass - inyoka. I-tuba yaqala ukuvela njengengxenye ye-symphony orchestra ngo-1843 ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-Wagner's The Flying Dutchman.

Idivayisi ye-tube

I-tuba iyithuluzi elikhulu lobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ubude beshubhu yayo yethusi bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-6, ubude obuphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kuneshubhu ye-tenor trombone. Insimbi yakhelwe umsindo ophansi. Ishubhu inama-valve angu-4. Uma abathathu bokuqala behlisa umsindo ngethoni, amathoni angu-0,5 namathoni angu-1,5, isango lesine lehlisa irejista ngesine. I-valve yokugcina, yesi-4 ibizwa ngokuthi i-valve yesine, icindezelwa umunwe omncane womdlali, isetshenziswa kancane. Ezinye izinsimbi nazo zinevalvu yesihlanu esetshenziselwa ukulungisa iphimbo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-tuba yathola i-valve yesi-5 ngo-1880, futhi ngo-1892 yathola okwesithupha okwengeziwe, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-transposing" noma "ukulungisa" i-valve. Namuhla, i-valve "yokulungisa" ingeyesihlanu, ayikho nhlobo yesithupha.

Ubunzima bokudlala i-tuba

Uma udlala i-tuba, ukusetshenziswa komoya kuphezulu kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi umdlali we-tuba kufanele ashintshe umoya wakhe cishe kuwo wonke amanothi. Lokhu kuchaza ama-tuba solo amafushane futhi angavamile. Ukuwudlala kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele njalo. Ama-Tubists anaka kakhulu ukuphefumula okufanele futhi enze zonke izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca ukuze kuthuthukiswe amaphaphu. Ngesikhathi somdlalo, ibanjwa phambi kwakho, shaya phezulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, ithuluzi lithathwa njengelingasebenzi, lingalungile. Kodwa-ke, amakhono ayo obuchwepheshe awabi kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi zethusi. Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, i-tuba iyinsimbi ebalulekile ku-orchestra, uma kubhekwa irejista yayo ephansi. Ujwayele ukudlala indima yebhesi.

I-Tuba kanye nesimanje

Ihlukaniswa njengensimbi ye-orchestral kanye ne-ensemble. Yiqiniso, abaculi besimanje nabaqambi bazama ukuvuselela ukuthandwa kwabo kwangaphambili, ukuthola izici ezintsha namathuba afihliwe. Ikakhulukazi kuye, kwabhalwa izingcezu zekhonsathi, okuze kube manje ebezimbalwa kakhulu. Ku-orchestra ye-symphony, i-tuba eyodwa ivame ukusetshenziswa. Amashubhu amabili angatholakala ethusi, abuye asetshenziswe kuma-orchestra e-jazz ne-pop. I-tuba iyinsimbi yomculo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu edinga ikhono langempela nolwazi olukhulu ukuze uyidlale. Abadlali be-tuba abavelele bahlanganisa u-Arnold Jacobs waseMelika, umpetha womculo wakudala uWilliam Bell, umculi waseRussia, umqambi, umbhidisi u-Vladislav Blazhevich, umculi ovelele we-jazz nomculo we-classic, uprofesa uJohn Fletcher School of Music nabanye.