Umlando wezwi

Vokhoda elihunyushwe lisuka esiNgisini lisho “i-voice encoder”. Ithuluzi lapho inkulumo yahlanganiswa khona ngesisekelo sesignali enobubanzi obukhulu. I-Vocoder iyinsimbi yomculo yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi, ukusungulwa kwayo nomlando bekukude nezwe lomculo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezempi okuyimfihlo

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yaphela, onjiniyela baseMelika bathola umsebenzi wezinkonzo ezikhethekile. Kwakudingeka umshini owawuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxoxo zocingo ziyimfihlo. Ukusungulwa kokuqala kwabizwa ngokuthi i-scrambler. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-radiotelephone ukuxhuma i-Catalina Island ne-Los Angeles. Kusetshenziswe amadivaysi amabili: eyodwa isendaweni yokudlulisela, enye isendaweni yokwamukela. Umgomo wokusebenza kwedivayisi wehliselwe ekuguquleni isignali yenkulumo.Indlela ye-scrambler yaba ngcono, kodwa amaJalimane afunda ukuqaqa, ngakho kwadingeka ukuthi kudalwe idivayisi entsha ukusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga.

I-Vocoder yezinhlelo zokuxhumana

Ngo-1928, uHomer Dudley, isazi se-physics, wasungula i-prototype vocoder. Yakhelwe izinhlelo zokuxhumana ukuze kongiwe izinsiza zezingxoxo zocingo. Umgomo wokusebenza: ukudluliswa kwamanani kuphela wemingcele yesiginali, lapho kutholwa, ukuhlanganiswa ngokulandelana okuphambene.

Ngo-1939, iVoder voice synthesizer, eyakhiwe nguHomer Dudley, yethulwa embukisweni eNew York. Intombazane esebenza kulo mshini yacindezela izikhiye, futhi i-vocoder yaphinda yakhiqiza imisindo yemishini efana nenkulumo yomuntu. Ama-synthesizer okuqala azwakala engeyona eyemvelo kakhulu. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, kancane kancane bathuthuka.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho usebenzisa i-vocoder, izwi lomuntu lalizwakala “njengezwi lerobhothi”. Eyaqala ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana nasemisebenzini yomculo.

Izinyathelo zokuqala zevowuda emculweni

Ngo-1948 eJalimane, ivokhoda yazimemezela njengethuluzi lomculo lesikhathi esizayo. Le divayisi idonse ukunaka kwabathandi bomculo we-elekthronikhi. Ngakho-ke, i-vocoder yasuka kuma-laboratories yaya kuma-studio e-electro-acoustic.

Ngo-1951, usosayensi waseJalimane u-Werner Meyer-Eppler, owenza ucwaningo mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwenkulumo nemisindo, kanye nabaqambi uRobert Beir noHerbert Eimert bavula i-studio ye-electronic eCologne. Ngakho, umqondo omusha womculo we-elekthronikhi wazalwa.

Umqambi waseJalimane uKarlheinz Stockhausen waqala ukwenza izingcezu ze-elekthronikhi. Imisebenzi yomculo edume umhlaba wonke yazalelwa esitudiyo saseCologne.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukukhululwa kwefilimu ethi "A Clockwork Orange" ngengoma kaWendy Carlos, umqambi waseMelika. Ngo-1968, uWendy wakhipha i-albhamu ethi Switched-On Bach, enza imisebenzi ka-JS Bach. Lesi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala lapho umculo onzima nowokuhlola ungena esikweni elidumile.

Kusukela kumculo we-synth emkhathini kuya ku-hip-hop

Ngama-80s, inkathi yomculo we-synth yesikhala yaphela, inkathi entsha yaqala - i-hip-hop ne-electrofunk. Futhi ngemuva kokuthi i-albhamu ethi "Lost In Space Jonzun Crew" ikhishwe ngo-1983, akabange esaphuma emfashinini yomculo. Izibonelo zemiphumela esebenzisa ivokhoda zingatholakala emakhathuni e-Disney, emisebenzini ka-Pink Floyd, kumaculo amafilimu nezinhlelo.