Iyini i-tempo emculweni?

Uma umusha emculweni, ukubuka omunye umculi edlala insimbi yakhe kungase kujabulise futhi kusabise ngendlela elinganayo. Bakwazi kanjani ukulandela umculo ngokunembe kangaka? Bakufunda kuphi ukulinganisa phakathi kwesigqi, umculo nezwi ngesikhathi esisodwa?

Kulula kunalokho ongase ukucabange. Abaculi bathembele kumqondo obizwa ngokuthi i-tempo ukuze banikeze ukwakheka komculo kanye ne-cadence ehehayo ethuthukisa umuzwa womsindo uwonke. Kodwa iyini i-tempo emculweni? Futhi singayisebenzisa kanjani ukuze sidlulisele imizwa ehlukahlukene emculweni?

Ngezansi, sizokuhlahlela konke futhi sibheke eminye yemithetho yetempo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa amandla okubeka isikhathi ezingomeni zakho. Ake siqale!

Liyini ijubane?

Ngomqondo olula, i-tempo emculweni isho isivinini noma isivinini sokuqanjwa. Lihunyushwe lisuselwa kusiNtaliyane, i-tempo isho “isikhathi”, okubonisa ikhono lalesi sici somculo ukubamba ukuqamba ndawonye. Njengoba nje sithembele emawashi ukuze asitshele ukuthi kufanele sisuke nini endaweni ethile siye kwenye, abaculi basebenzisa i-tempo ukuze bazi ukuthi bangadlala kuphi izingxenye ezihlukene zomculo.

Ezingomeni zasendulo, i-tempo ikalwa ngamabhithi ngomzuzu noma i-BPM, futhi nangophawu lwe-tempo noma uphawu lwe-metronome. Ngokuvamile lena inombolo enquma ukuthi mangaki amabhithi ngomzuzu esiqeshini somculo. Emculweni weshidi, i-tempo efanele ikhonjiswe ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sokuqala.

Emculweni wesimanje, izingoma zivame ukuba ne-tempo engaguquki, ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo. Nokho, ijubane lingashintsha. Ezingomeni zomculo wendabuko, i-tempo ingashintsha izikhathi ezimbalwa kulo lonke ucezu. Isibonelo, ukunyakaza kokuqala kungase kube nesigqi esisodwa futhi ukunyakaza kwesibili kungase kube ne-tempo ehlukile, nakuba konke kuyisiqephu esifanayo.

I-tempo ihlala ifana kuze kube yilapho kuphawulwa ukulungiswa okucacile. I-tempo yesiqephu singaqhathaniswa nokushaya kwenhliziyo yomuntu. I-tempo ihlala njalo futhi injalo, kodwa uma uqala ukwandisa amandla akho, ama-beats azofika ngokushesha, enze izinguquko ku-tempo.

Ijubane ngokumelene ne-BPM

Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nezigqi ngomzuzu, i-bpm ngamafuphi, ku-DAW yakho. Emculweni waseNtshonalanga, i-BPM isebenza njengendlela yokulinganisa i-tempo ngamabhithi ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ngesivinini esifanayo. Uma inombolo iphezulu, amahithi ahamba ngokushesha, njengoba kukhona amahithi amaningi ngesegimenti ngayinye.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukushaya ngomzuzu akufani nesigqi. Ungadlala isigqi esihlukile ngesigqi esifanayo noma i-tempo. Ngakho-ke, i-tempo ayicacisi ngempela ucezu lomculo, kodwa isebenza njengesakhiwo esimaphakathi sengoma futhi ingazwakala. Kuyenzeka ube nesigqi esifanayo esihambisana nezigqi zetempo yakho, kodwa akudingekile ukuthi uhlale ngesikhathi.

Ngokuvamile ungathola amabhithi ngomzuzu kubha yemenyu ephezulu ye-DAW yakho, ku-Ableton isekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele:

Ngamafuphi, ukushaya ngomzuzu kuyindlela yokulinganisa i-tempo. I-Tempo ingumqondo obanzi, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tempo kanye nekhwalithi ye-cadence.

BPM emculweni odumile

I-BPM emculweni ingadlulisa imizwa ehlukene, imishwana, ngisho nezinhlobo zonke. Ungadala ingoma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo kunoma iyiphi i-tempo, nokho kukhona amabanga ajwayelekile etempo izinhlobo ezithile eziwela kuwo angaba umhlahlandlela owusizo. Ngokuvamile, i-tempo esheshayo isho ingoma enomdlandla, kuyilapho i-tempo ehamba kancane idala ucezu olukhululeke kakhudlwana. Nakhu ukuthi ezinye zezinhlobo ezinkulu zibukeka kanjani ngokuya ngamabhithi ngomzuzu:

• I-Rock: 70-95 bpm
• I-Hip Hop: 80-130 beats ngomzuzu
• I-R&B: 70-110 bpm
• I-Pop: 110-140 bpm
• I-EDM: 120-145 bpm
• I-Techno: 130-155 bpm

Yiqiniso, lezi zincomo kufanele zithathwe ngohlamvu lukasawoti. Kukhona ukuphambuka okuningi kuzo, kodwa ungabona ukuthi i-tempo inganquma kanjani izingoma kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezikhona. I-Tempo iyisici somculo esifanayo nesigqi nesigqi.

I-tempo isebenza kanjani nezimpawu zesikhathi?

I-Tempo ilinganiswa ngamabhithi ngomzuzu, noma i-BPM. Kodwa-ke, lapho wenza umsebenzi womculo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela isignesha yesikhashana yengoma. Amasignesha esikhathi abalulekile ekudaleni isigqi emculweni, okubonisa ukuthi zingaki amabhithi esilinganisweni ngasinye. Zibukeka njengezinombolo ezimbili ezibekwe phezu kwenye, njengo-3/4 noma 4/4.

Inombolo ephezulu ikhombisa ukuthi zingaki izigqi esilinganisweni ngasinye, futhi inombolo engezansi ikhombisa ukuthi isigqi ngasinye sithatha isikhathi esingakanani. Endabeni ye-4/4, eyaziwa nangokuthi isikhathi esivamile, kukhona amabhithi angu-4 ngesilinganiso ngasinye, ngalinye limelelwa njengenothi lekota. Ngakho-ke, ucezu oludlalwa ngesikhathi esingu-4/4 kumabhithi angu-120 ngomzuzu luzoba nendawo eyanele yamanothi ekota angu-120 ngomzuzu.

Izimpawu ze-tempo aziguquki, ngaphandle kokushintsha usuka komunye umnyakazo uye kwenye. Amasignesha esikhashana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abala phansi ngokuhlukile kuye ngezidingo zesiqephu. Ngale ndlela, i-tempo isebenza njengento engaguquki, ebophayo esivumela ukuthi sithambe futhi sikhululeke kwezinye izindawo.

Lapho i-tempo ishintsha, umqambi angase asebenzise umugqa onedeshi ephindwe kabili emculweni weshidi, ethula umbhalo omusha we-tempo, ngokuvamile ngesiginesha yokhiye omusha kanye nesiginesha yesikhashana.

Ngisho noma umusha kuthiyori yomculo, uzoqonda ngokunembile ukuthi ama-tempos ahlukene asebenza kanjani. Yingakho ukwazi ukuhlaba cishe noma iyiphi ingoma ukuze ibe “nencazelo”. Sonke siyakwazi ukubamba ijubane nokusebenza ngaphakathi komongo wamapharamitha anikeziwe wejubane.

Ungakwazi ngisho nokuqhathanisa i-tempo ne-BPM nokumaka kwewashi. Njengoba kukhona imizuzwana engama-60 ngomzuzu, iwashi lihambisana ncamashi no-60 BPM. Isikhathi nesivinini kuxhumene ngendlela engenakuhlukaniswa. Ngokunengqondo, ingoma edlalwa ku-tempo engaphezu kuka-60 isenza sizizwe sinomdlandla. Singena ngokoqobo ijubane elisha, elisheshayo.

Abaculi bavamise ukusebenzisa izinsimbi ezifana ne-metronome noma chofoza ithrekhi kuma-DAW aphezulu ukuze usize ukugcina isikhathi nesigqi ngenkathi udlala ucezu lomculo, nakuba ezimweni eziningi lokhu kubala kwenziwa umqhubi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ze-tempo kusetshenziswa i-tempo notation

Ama-tempos nawo angahlukaniswa abe amabanga athile abizwa ngokuthi ama-tempo marks. I-Tempo notation ivame ukumelwa yigama lesiNtaliyane, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi noma isiNgisi elingasiza ekunqumeni isivinini nesimo sengqondo.

Sizofaka ezinye zezimpawu zetempo ezijwayelekile ngezansi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi uqondanise izinkulumo zetempo ezahlukene. Esinye sezibonelo ezigqama kakhulu emculweni we-classic singatholakala ezingomeni zikaGustav Mahler. Lo mqambi ngezinye izikhathi wayehlanganisa amanothi etempo aseJalimane nalawo ase-Italian avamile ukuze akhe isiqondiso esichazayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi umculo uwulimi lomhlaba wonke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqonda igama ngalinye kulawa alandelayo ukuze ukwazi ukudlala ucezu ngendlela obuhlosiwe ngayo, ngokusebenza ngokushesha ngokwetempo.

I-Italian tempo markup

Uzoqaphela ukuthi enye ye-tempo notation yesi-Italian yendabuko inobubanzi obuthile. Amanye amagama omculo asho ikhwalithi ye-tempo kunejubane elinikeziwe. Khumbula ukuthi ukuqokwa kwe-tempo akubhekiseli kuphela ebangeni elithile, kodwa futhi nakwamanye amagama ukukhombisa ikhwalithi evamile yetempo yomsebenzi.

• Ithuna: Kancane kancane futhi okunesizotha, amabhithi angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 ngomzuzu
• Okude: Ngokuvamile, 45-50 beats ngomzuzu
• Kancane: Kancane, 40-45 bpm
• I-adage: Kancane, 55-65 bpm
• I-Adante: ijubane lokuhamba lisuka ku-76 liye ku-108 beats ngomzuzu
• I-Adagietto: Ukuhamba kancane, amabhithi angama-65 kuye kwangama-69 ngomzuzu
• I-Moderato: okuphakathi, amabhithi angama-86 kuye kwangama-97 ngomzuzu
• I-Allegretto: ngokushesha okulingene, 98 – 109 beats ngomzuzu
• I-Allegro: Ngokushesha, okusheshayo, okujabulisayo 109 kuya ku-132 amabhithi ngomzuzu
• I-Vivas: I-Live and fast, 132-140 beats ngomzuzu
• I-Presto: Ngokushesha kakhulu, 168-177 beats ngomzuzu
• I-Pretissimo: Ngokushesha kune-presto

Izimpawu ze-tempo zaseJalimane

• I-Kräftig: Inamandla noma inamandla
• I-Langsam: Kancane kancane
• I-Lebhaft: Isimo sokuthokoza
• Mäßig: Isivinini esimaphakathi
• I-Rasch: fast
• Schnell: fast
• Bewegt: I-animated, bukhoma

I-French tempo markup

• Okuthunyelwe: Ijubane elihamba kancane
• I-Modere: Ijubane elimaphakathi
• Kuyashesha: fast
• Vif: Alive
• Vite: fast

I-English tempo markup

Lawa magama avamile emhlabeni wokukhiqiza umculo futhi awadingi incazelo eyengeziwe, kodwa kufanelekile ukuwafaka ohlwini ngoba ungase umangale ukuthi amanye alawa magama ane-tempo ethile.

• Kancane kancane
• I-Ballad
• Ukuphumula
• Phakathi: Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nejubane lokuhamba, noma i-andante
• idwala eliqinile
• Okumaphakathi
• Brisk
• ngokugqamile
• Up
• Quick

Amagama angeziwe

I-tempo notation engenhla iphathelene kakhulu nesivinini se-tempo esivamile, kodwa akhona amanye amagama anezinjongo ezivezwayo. Eqinisweni, akuvamile ukubona inkomba ye-tempo kanye negama elilodwa noma amaningi abhalwe ngezansi esetshenziswa ndawonye ukukhombisa i-tempo ngokuqondile kakhulu.

Isibonelo, i-allegro agitato isho ithoni esheshayo, ejabulisayo. I-Molto allegro isho ukushesha kakhulu. Ngamagama ahlanganisiwe afana no-Meno Mosso, u-Marcia moderato, u-Pio Mosso, isithombe esinyakazayo i-Mosso, isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo. Uzothola ukuthi ezinye izingcezu zenkathi ye-Classical ne-Baroque zaziqanjwe kuphela ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ze-tempo.

Lawa magama engeziwe esiNtaliyane ahlinzeka ngomongo owengeziwe womculo ukuze noma iyiphi ingxenye ingadlalwa ukuze idlulisele incazelo yasekuqaleni nomuzwa wokuqanjwa kwayo.

• I-Picard: Okoku zithokozisa
• I-Agitato: Ngendlela ejabulile
• I-Kon Moto: Ngokunyakaza
• U-Assai: Very
• I-Energico: ngamandla
• Isifundo: Ngejubane elifanayo
• Anginankinga: Hhayi kakhulu
• UMarcia: Ngesitayela semashi
• I-Molto: Very
• I-Meno: Ngokushesha kancane
• E-Mosso: I-Animated Rapid
• I-Piu: Okuningi
• Kancane: Kancane
• I-Subito: Ngokuphazima kweso
• I-Tempo Comodo: Ngejubane elinethezekile
• I-Tempo Di: Ngesivinini
• I-Tempo Giusto: Ngesivinini esingaguquki
• I-Tempo Semplice: Isivinini esivamile

Ukushintsha kwejubane

Umculo ungashintsha i-tempo phakathi kwezingxenye, kodwa futhi ungalungiswa ngokukhululekile, ne-bpm ishintsha ngokushelela isuka kwenye ingxenye iye kwenye. Kunzima ukuthola izibonelo zesimanje, kodwa kule ngoma emnyama ka-ASHWARYA ungakwazi ukuzwa ukuguquka kwejubane phakathi kwamavesi namakhorasi:

Izinguquko ku-tempo zitholakala kuzo zonke izingoma zasendulo:

Esibonelweni esingenhla, i-tempo ithatha ngemva kokunyakaza kokuqala kwesiqephu. Kunamanye amagama esiNtaliyane angasiza abaculi baqonde ukuthi badlala kanjani lokhu noma lolo shintsho lwe-tempo. Abaqambi abaningi basasebenzisa la magama nanamuhla, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuwaqonda uma ufuna ukubeka phambili ukugqama okukhulu lapho udlala:

• I-Accelerando: Ukushesha
• I-Allargando: Nciphisa i-tempo ngasekugcineni kocezu
• Izinhlobo eziningi: Isivinini esiphindwe kabili
• Doppio più lento: isivinini esiyingxenye
• Lentando: Kancane kancane siya ngokuya sithamba
• Okulandelayo: Ukunyakaza okuncane
• Imoto eshisayo: Ukunyakaza okuncane
• Rallentando: Ukwehla Kancane Kancane
• Ritardando: Yehlisa umoya
• URubato: Ngokukhululekile ukulungisa i-tempo ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesikhashana
• I-Tempo Primo noma i-A Tempo: buyela ku tempo yasekuqaleni

Sonke siyayiqonda i-tempo ngokunembile, kodwa ungathola amathuba amaningi amasha omculo uma uzinika isikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani futhi uhlanganise ithiyori yomculo emikhiqizweni yethu yansuku zonke. Igama lesiNtaliyane ngokwemvelo lizozwakala ungalijwayele, kodwa uma udlala kakhulu umculo futhi uhlangabezana nalezi zingqungquthela ze-tempo zakudala, zizoba yimvelo yesibili ekudlaleni nasekuvezeni kwakho.

Jabulela ukudlala nge-tempo emculweni wakho, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlola ezinye izinsiza ekuqondeni ithiyori yomculo.