Yimaphi ama-opera abhalwa nguTchaikovsky?

Uma ubuza abantu okungahleliwe ngalokho abhala opera Tchaikovsky, abaningi bazokutshela "Eugene Onegin", mhlawumbe ngisho ukucula okuthile kuwo. Abanye bazokhumbula "Indlovukazi Ye-Spades" ("Amakhadi amathathu, amakhadi amathathu!!"), Mhlawumbe i-opera "Cherevichki" nayo izofika engqondweni (umbhali uzenzele ngokwakhe, yingakho ekhumbulekayo).

Sekukonke, umqambi uTchaikovsky wabhala ama-opera ayishumi. Abanye, yiqiniso, abaziwa kabanzi, kodwa ingxenye enhle yalaba abayishumi ihlale ijabulisa futhi ijabulisa izethameli ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Nawa wonke ama-opera angu-10 kaTchaikovsky:

1. "I-Voevoda" - i-opera esekelwe emdlalweni ka-AN Ostrovsky (1868)

2. "Ondine" - kusekelwe encwadini kaF. Motta-Fouquet mayelana ne-undine (1869)

3. "I-Oprichnik" - isekelwe endabeni ka-II Lazhechnikova (1872)

4. "Eugene Onegin" - esekelwe inoveli yegama elifanayo evesini ka-AS Pushkin (1878)

5. "I-Maid of Orleans" - ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, indaba kaJoan of Arc (1879)

6. "I-Mazeppa" - isekelwe enkondlweni ka-AS Pushkin "Poltava" (1883)

7. “Cherevichki” – i-opera esekelwe endabeni ka-NV Gogol ethi “The Night Before Christmas” (1885)

8. "I-Enchantress" - ebhalwe ngokusekelwe enhlekeleleni yegama elifanayo ngu-IV Shpazhinsky (1887)

9. “Indlovukazi Yama-Spades” – esekelwe endabeni ka-AS Pushkin ethi “Queen of Spades” (1890)

10. “Iolanta” – isuselwa kudrama ka-H. Hertz “Indodakazi Yenkosi Rene” (1891)

I-opera yami yokuqala "Voevoda" U-Tchaikovsky ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi kwaba ukwehluleka: kwakubonakala kuye kungahlanganisiwe futhi ku-Italian-sweet. Ama-hawthorn aseRussia ayegcwele ama-roulade ase-Italy. Ukukhiqizwa akuzange kuqaliswe kabusha.

Ama-opera amabili alandelayo "Undine" и "Oprichnik". I-“Ondine” yenqatshwe uMkhandlu Wezinkundla Zemidlalo Yeshashalazi futhi ayizange ihlelwe, nakuba iqukethe izingoma ezimbalwa eziphumelela kakhulu eziphawula ukusuka kumacanon angaphandle.

"I-Oprichnik" ingeyokuqala ye-opera yokuqala kaTchaikovsky; izinhlelo zemiculo yesiRashiya ziyavela kuyo. Yaba yimpumelelo futhi yadlalwa amaqembu ahlukene e-opera, kuhlanganise nakwamanye amazwe.

Komunye wama-opera akhe, u-Tchaikovsky wathatha itulo elithi "Ubusuku Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi" ngu-NV Gogol. Le opera ekuqaleni yayinesihloko esithi “The Blacksmith Vakula”, kodwa kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha yaba "Izicathulo".

Indaba yilena: lapha kuvela u-shinkar-witch Solokha, u-Oksana omuhle, nomkhandi wensimbi uVakula, othandana naye. U-Vakula uyakwazi ukubophela uDeveli futhi amphoqelele ukuba andizele indlovukazi, ukuze atholele othandekayo wakhe ama-slippers. U-Oksana ukhalela umkhandi wensimbi olahlekile - bese ebonakala esigcawini futhi amjikijele isipho ezinyaweni zakhe. “Asikho isidingo, asikho isidingo, ngingenza ngaphandle kwabo!” – kuphendula intombazane esothandweni.

Umculo womsebenzi wenziwa kabusha izikhathi eziningana, inguqulo entsha ngayinye iba ngowokuqala, izinombolo zamavesi zashiywa. Lona ukuphela kwe-opera umqambi aqala ukuyiqhuba.

Yimaphi ama-opera adume kakhulu?

Nokho, lapho sikhuluma ngalokho operas Tchaikovsky wabhala, into yokuqala efika engqondweni "Eugene Onegin", "Indlovukazi ye-Spades" и "Iolanta". Ungakwazi ukwengeza ohlwini olufanayo "Izicathulo" с "Mazepoi".

"Eugene Onegin" - i-opera i-libretto yayo engadingi ukulandisa okuningiliziwe. Impumelelo ye-opera yayimangalisa! Kuze kube yilolu suku isalokhu kuyi-repertoire yazo zonke izindlu ze-opera (!)

"Indlovukazi ye-Spades" futhi kubhalwe ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wegama elifanayo ngu-AS Pushkin. Abangane batshela uHerman, othandana noLisa (ePushkin, Hermann), indaba yamakhadi amathathu awinile, aziwa ngumnakekeli wakhe, i-Countess.

U-Lisa ufuna ukuhlangana no-Herman futhi amenzele isikhathi sokuhlangana naye emzini we-countess endala. Yena, engene endlini ngokunyenya, uzama ukuthola imfihlo yamakhadi omlingo, kodwa i-countess endala ifa ngenxa yokwesaba (kamuva, kuzovezwa kuye ngesipoki ukuthi "izintathu, eziyisikhombisa, i-ace").

U-Lisa, njengoba efundile ukuthi isithandwa sakhe singumbulali, uziphonse emanzini ngokudangala. Futhi uHerman, enqobe imidlalo emibili, ubona indlovukazi yama-spades kanye nesipoki se-countess esikhundleni se-ace kwesesithathu. Uyahlanya futhi uyazigwaza, ekhumbula isithombe esikhanyayo sikaLisa emizuzwini yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe.

I-Balada kaTomsky evela ku-opera ethi "Indlovukazi Ye-Spades"

I-opera yokugcina yomqambi yaba ihubo langempela lokuphila - "Iolanta". UPrincess Iolanta akabazi ubumpumputhe bakhe futhi akatshelwa ngakho. Kodwa udokotela wamaMoor uthi uma efuna ngempela ukubona, ukuphulukiswa kungenzeka.

I-knight Vaudemont, eyangena ngephutha enqabeni, imemezela uthando lwayo ngobuhle futhi icela i-rose ebomvu njengesikhumbuzo. U-Iolanta ukhumula emhlophe - kuyamcacela ukuthi uyimpumputhe… U-Vaudémont ucula ihubo langempela lokukhanya, ilanga, nokuphila. Kuqhamuke inkosi ethukuthele, uyise wentombazane...

Esabela impilo yeqhawe ayelithanda, u-Iolanta uzwakalisa isifiso esijulile sokubona ukukhanya. Kwenzeke isimangaliso: inkosazana iyabona! INkosi uRené ubusisa umshado wendodakazi yakhe noVaudemont, futhi wonke umuntu udumisa ilanga nokukhanya ndawonye.

I-Monologue kadokotela u-Ibn-Khakia wase-"Iolanta"