Isiko lomculo we-romanticism: ubuhle, izingqikithi, izinhlobo nolimi lomculo

U-Zweig wayeqinisile: I-Europe ayikaze isibone isizukulwane esihle kangaka njengama-romantics kusukela ngeRenaissance. Izithombe ezimangalisayo zezwe lamaphupho, imizwa enqunu kanye nesifiso somoya ophakeme - lena yimibala ependa isiko lomculo we-romanticism.

Ukuvela kwe-romanticism kanye nobuhle bayo

Ngenkathi uguquko lwezezimboni lwenzeka eYurophu, amathemba abekwe kuNguquko Enkulu YaseFrance ayechotshozwa ezinhliziyweni zabantu baseYurophu. Ihlelo lokucabanga, elamenyezelwa iNkathi Yokukhanyiselwa, lachithwa. Inkolo yemizwa kanye nesimiso semvelo kumuntu senyukele esisekelweni.

Yavela kanjena i-romanticism. Esikweni lomculo lalikhona isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwekhulu leminyaka (1800-1910), kuyilapho emikhakheni ehlobene (ukudweba nemibhalo) isikhathi salo saphelelwa yisikhathi engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka ngaphambili. Mhlawumbe umculo "uyicala" ngalokhu - kwakuwumculo owawuphezulu phakathi kwezobuciko phakathi kwezithandani njengowobuciko obungokomoya nobukhululekile kunabo bonke.

Kodwa-ke, ama-romantics, ngokungafani nabameleli benkathi yasendulo kanye ne-classicism, abazange bakhe isigaba sezobuciko ngokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo. Uhlelo lwezothando lwaluyinto yonke; ezobuciko zingashintsha ngokukhululekile zibe nomunye. Umqondo wokuhlanganisa ubuciko bekungenye yezinto ezibalulekile esikweni lomculo we-romanticism.

Lobu buhlobo bubuye buthinte izigaba ze-aesthetics: enhle yayihlanganiswe nembi, ephakeme nesisekelo, ebuhlungu ne-comic. Izinguquko ezinjalo zazixhunywe yi-irony yothando, eyayibonisa nesithombe somhlaba wonke.

Konke okwakuhlobene nobuhle kwaba nencazelo entsha phakathi kwama-romantics. Imvelo yaba into ekhonzwayo, umdwebi wenziwa isithixo njengomuntu ophakeme kunabo bonke, futhi imizwa yaphakanyiswa ngaphezu kokucabanga.

Iqiniso elingenamoya laliqhathaniswa nephupho, elihle kodwa elingafinyeleleki. I-romantic, ngosizo lomcabango wakhe, yakha izwe lakhe elisha, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingokoqobo.

Yiziphi izingqikithi ezikhethwe ngabaculi bezothando?

Izithakazelo zama-romantics zabonakala ngokucacile ekukhethweni kwezindikimba abazikhethile kwezobuciko.

• Itimu yesizungu. Ihlakaniphe elingaphansi noma umuntu onesizungu emphakathini - lezi kwakuyizindikimba eziyinhloko phakathi kwabaqambi bale nkathi ("Uthando Lwembongi" kaSchumann, "Ngaphandle Kwelanga" kaMussorgsky).
• Itimu ye "lyrical confession". Emaphuzwini amaningi abaqambi bezothando kukhona ukuthinta kwe-autobiography ("Carnival" kaSchumann, "Symphony Fantastique" kaBerlioz).
• Love indaba ephathwayo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyingqikithi yothando olungavunyelwe noma oludabukisayo, kodwa hhayi ngempela ("Uthando Nokuphila Kowesifazane" nguSchumann, "Romeo noJuliet" kaTchaikovsky).
• Itimu Yendlela. Uyabizwa futhi itimu yokuzulazula. Umphefumulo wothando, odatshulwe ukungqubuzana, wawufuna indlela yawo ("Harold in Italy" kaBerlioz, "Iminyaka Yokuzulazula" kaLiszt).
• Itimu yokufa. Ngokuyinhloko kwakuwukufa okungokomoya (I-Sixth Symphony kaTchaikovsky, iWinterreise kaSchubert).
• Itimu yemvelo. Imvelo emehlweni othando nomama ovikelayo, nomngane onozwela, nesiphetho esijezisayo ("The Hebrides" kaMendelssohn, "E-Asia Ephakathi" nguBorodin). Inkolo yezwe lendabuko (ama-polonaise nama-ballads e-Chopin) nayo ixhunywe nalesi sihloko.
• Fantasy indaba ephathwayo. Izwe elicatshangelwayo lama-romantics lalicebe kakhulu kuneloqobo ("I-Magic Shooter" ka-Weber, "Sadko" ka-Rimsky-Korsakov).

Izinhlobo zomculo zenkathi yezothando

Isiko lomculo lokuthandana lanikeza umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo zezingoma zezingoma zegumbi: ("Inkosi Yehlathi" kaSchubert), ("Intombi Yechibi" kaSchubert) futhi, evame ukuhlanganiswe ku-"Myrtles" nguSchumann. ).

awuzange uhlukaniswe kuphela ngemvelo emnandi yesakhiwo, kodwa futhi nangokuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwamagama, umculo kanye nesenzo sasesiteji. I-opera iyahambisana. Kwanele ukukhumbula "Ring of the Nibelungs" ka-Wagner nenethiwekhi yayo ethuthukisiwe ye-leitmotifs.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinsimbi, ezothando ziyahlukaniswa. Ukudlulisa isithombe esisodwa noma isimo sesikhashana, umdlalo omfushane ubanele. Naphezu kwesikali sawo, umdlalo ugcwele amabhamuza. Kungaba (njengoMendelssohn), noma idlale ngezihloko zohlelo (“The Rush” ka-Schumann).

Njengezingoma, imidlalo kwesinye isikhathi ihlanganiswa ibe imijikelezo (“Izimvemvane” nguSchumann). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye zomjikelezo, ezihluke ngokugqamile, zakha ukwakheka okukodwa ngenxa yokuxhumana komculo.

I-Romantics yayiwuthanda umculo wohlelo, owawuhlanganisa nezincwadi, imidwebo noma obunye ubuciko. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo emisebenzini yabo sasivame ukulawula ifomu. I-sonatas yokunyakaza okukodwa (i-B minor sonata ka-Liszt), amakhonsathi omnyakazo owodwa (Ikhonsathi Yokuqala Yepiyano kaLiszt) kanye nezinkondlo ze-symphonic (Izandulela ZikaLiszt), kanye ne-symphony enyakazayo emihlanu (i-Berlioz's Symphony Fantastique) yavela.

Ulimi lomculo lwabaqambi bothando

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuciko, okukhazinyuliswa ama-romantics, kwaba nomthelela endleleni yokukhuluma ngomculo. Ihubo seliphenduke umuntu ngamunye, liyazwela ezimbongini zegama, futhi okuhambisana nakho kuyekile ukungathathi hlangothi nokujwayelekile ekuthunjweni.

Ukuvumelana kwakunothiswe ngemibala engakaze ibonwe ukuze ikhulume ngokuhlangenwe nakho kweqhawe lothando. Ngakho-ke, iphimbo lothando le-languor lidlulisa ngokuphelele ukuvumelana okuguquliwe okwandisa ukungezwani. I-Romantics yayithanda umphumela we-chiaroscuro, lapho enkulu ithathelwa indawo encane yegama elifanayo, kanye nama-chords wezinyathelo ezihlangothini, kanye nokuqhathaniswa okuhle kwama-tonalities. Imiphumela emisha iphinde yatholwa ngezindlela zemvelo, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingekile ukudlulisa umoya wesintu noma izithombe ezinhle emculweni.

Ngokuvamile, umculo wama-romantics walwela ukuqhubeka nentuthuko, wenqaba noma yikuphi ukuphindaphinda okuzenzakalelayo, wagwema ukuphimisela okujwayelekile kanye nokuphefumula okuvezayo kuzo zonke izisusa zawo. Futhi ukuthungwa sekube isixhumanisi esibaluleke kangangokuthi indima yayo iqhathaniseka nendima yomculo.

Lalela ukuthi i-mazurka Chopin enhle kangakanani!

Esikhundleni sesiphetho

Isiko lomculo lokuthandana ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nelama-20 labhekana nezimpawu zokuqala zenkinga. Ifomu lomculo "lamahhala" laqala ukuhlakazeka, ukuvumelana kwanqoba phezu komculo, imizwa ephakeme yomphefumulo wothando yashiya ukwesaba okubuhlungu kanye nezinkanuko eziyisisekelo.

Lezi zindlela ezilimazayo zaqeda i-Romanticism futhi zavula indlela ye-Modernism. Kodwa, ngemva kokuphela njengenhlangano, i-romanticism yaqhubeka nokuphila kokubili emculweni wekhulu lama-20 nasemculweni wekhulu lamanje ezingxenyeni zayo ezihlukahlukene. UBlok wayeqinisile lapho ethi uthando lwezothando luvela “kuzo zonke izinkathi zokuphila komuntu.”