Ukufunda izisekelo zokuphawula komculo

Izisekelo zenothi yomculo yilapho izifundo zomculo ezinzima ziqala khona. Ngeke kube khona lutho olungadingekile kulesi sihloko esifushane, izisekelo ezilula zokuphawula komculo.

Kunamanothi ayisikhombisa kuphela, amagama awo ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni:. Lolu chungechunge lwamanothi ayisikhombisa ayisisekelo lungaqhutshwa ngokuwaphinda kunoma iyiphi indlela - phambili noma emuva. Ukuphinda okusha ngakunye kwalolu chungechunge kuzobizwa octave.

Izindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile lapho umculo ukhona . Yilokhu kanye okubonakala ekuphawuleni komculo: ingxenye yesikhala - ingxenye yesikhathi - .

Amanothi abhalwe ngezimpawu ezikhethekile ngendlela yama-ellipses (ama-ovals). Isetshenziselwa ukubonisa iphimbo isidlali somculo: lapho inothi lizwakala liphezulu, indawo yalo iyanda emigqeni (noma phakathi kwemigqa) yabasebenzi. Izisebenzi ziqukethe , ezibalwa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.

Ukurekhoda iphimbo eliqondile lomsindo, kusetshenziswa amanothi Amakhi – izimpawu ezikhethekile ezikhombisa izimpawu zendawo kubasebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo:

I-Treble clef kusho ukuthi indawo eyireferensi inothi elingu-G le-octave yokuqala, ethatha umugqa wesibili.

Bass clef kusho ukuthi inothi F ye-octave encane, ebhalwe emgqeni wesine, iba indawo eyinkomba.

Alto clef kusho ukuthi inothi kuze kufike ku-octave yokuqala ibhalwe emugqeni wesithathu.

I-Tenor clef ibonisa ukuthi inothi kuze kufike ku-octave yokuqala ibhalwe emgqeni wesine.

Lawa ama-clef asetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yomculo - akuwona wonke umculi ongakwazi ukufunda amanothi ngokushelelayo kuyo yonke le micu; ngokuvamile, umculi ovamile wazi okhiye ababili noma abathathu. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokukhumbula amanothi ku-treble kanye ne-bass clef kusukela ekuqeqeshweni okukhethekile okunikeza imiphumela ebonakalayo ngemva kokusebenza kuzo zonke izivivinyo. Chofoza lapha ukuze ubuke.

Njengomthetho, izisekelo zombhalo womculo zichazwa kusetshenziswa isibonelo se-treble clef. Bheka ukuthi ibukeka kanjani bese siqhubeka.

Isikhathi emculweni asikalwa ngemizuzwana, kodwa ngemizuzwana, kodwa ngendlela abashintshana ngayo ngokulinganayo ekuhambeni kwabo, singaqhathaniswa nokudlula kwemizuzwana, nezigqi ezifanayo ze-pulse noma insimbi. Ijubane noma ukunensa koshintsho lwesigqi kunqunywa ijubane lonke lomculo, elibizwa ijubane. Ubude bebhithi ngayinye ngesekhondi bungabalwa ngokunamandla kusetshenziswa ingilazi yehora noma isitophuwashi futhi i-metronome – idivayisi ekhethekile enikeza inani eliqondile lamabhithi afanayo ngomzuzu.

Ukurekhoda isigqi kumanothi, isikhathi yonke inothi. Inkulumo eyingcaca yobude besikhathi isho izinguquko ekubukekeni kwesithonjana - ingapendiwa ngaphezulu noma ingabi, ibe nesiqu (induku) noma umsila. Ubude besikhathi ngasinye buthatha inani elithile lamasheya noma izingxenye zabo:

Njengoba sekushiwo, amabhithi ahlela isikhathi somculo, kodwa akuwona wonke amabhithi adlala indima efanayo kule nqubo. Ngomqondo obanzi, ama-lobes ahlukaniswe abe (asindayo) kanye (nokukhanya). Ama-beats aqinile angafaniswa nokucindezeleka ngamazwi, namabhithi abuthakathaka, ngokulandelana, nama-syllables angacindezelwe. Futhi yilokho okuthakazelisayo! Emculweni, ama-syllables (amabhithi) agcizelelwe futhi angagxilile ashintshana ngendlela efanayo nakumamitha enkondlo. Futhi ngisho nalokhu kushintshana kubizwa ngokuthi akukho ngaphansi ubukhulu, Kuphela ekuguquleni usayizi weseli ubizwa ngokuthi unyawo, kanti emculweni - ubuhlakani.

Ngakho, ubuhlakani - lesi yisikhathi sokusuka kwesinye ibhithi ukuya kwelandelayo. Usayizi wesilinganiso unomusho wezinombolo, okukhumbuza ingxenyenamba, lapho “inombolo” kanye “nedinominetha” kuzobonisa amapharamitha wesilinganiso: inombolo isho ukuthi mangaki amabhithi, idinominayitha yilokho inothi ngesikhathi lesi sigqi esingasisebenzisa. kalwe.

Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sikhonjiswe kanye ekuqaleni kwesiqephu ngemva kwezihluthulelo. Kukhona osayizi Ngokwemvelo, labo asebeqale ukufunda izisekelo zokufunda nomculo kuqala bajwayelana namasayizi alula. Osayizi abalula yilabo abanamabhithi amabili nantathu, osayizi abayinkimbinkimbi yilabo abahlanganiswa (abagoqiwe) ababili noma ngaphezulu okulula (isibonelo, amabhithi amane noma ayisithupha).

Yini ebalulekile ukuyiqonda? Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi usayizi unquma "ingxenye" ​​yomculo "engafakwa" kubha eyodwa (akusekho futhi kungabi ngaphansi). Uma isignesha yesikhathi ingu-2/4, lokhu kusho ukuthi amanothi ekota amabili kuphela azongena esilinganisweni. Enye into ukuthi la manothi ekota angahlukaniswa abe amanothi esishiyagalombili namanothi eshumi nesithupha, noma ahlanganiswe abe ubude besikhathi (bese inothi elilodwa elinguhhafu lizothatha isilinganiso sonke).

Hhayi-ke kwanele okwanamuhla. Lokhu akukona konke okuphawulwayo komculo, kodwa kuyisisekelo esihle ngempela. Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo uzofunda izinto eziningi ezintsha, isibonelo, ukuthi zibukhali futhi ziyisicaba, yini umehluko phakathi kokuqoshwa komculo wezwi nowezinsimbi, ukuthi izingoma “ezidumile” u-Am no-Em zicaciswa kanjani, njll. Ngokuvamile , landela izibuyekezo, bhala imibuzo yakho emazwaneni, yabelana ngendaba nabangani bakho ngokuthintana nabo (sebenzisa izinkinobho zokuxhumana ngezansi kwekhasi).