UHermann Scherchen |

Herman Scherchen

Umuntu onamandla ka-Hermann Scherchen umi emlandweni wokwenza ubuciko obulingana nezinkanyiso ezifana no-Knappertsbusch no-Walter, u-Klemperer no-Kleiber. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSherchen unendawo ekhetheke kakhulu kulolu chungechunge. Umcabango womculo, wayengumhloli oshisekayo futhi engumhloli wamazwe impilo yakhe yonke. Ku-Sherhen, indima yakhe njengengcweti yayingeyesibili, njengokungathi ithathwe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe njengomsunguli, inhloko nephayona lobuciko obusha. Akukhona nje kuphela futhi hhayi kakhulu ukwenza lokho osekuqashelwe kakade, kodwa ukusiza umculo ukuhlahla izindlela ezintsha, ukukholisa abalaleli ngokunemba kwalezi zindlela, ukukhuthaza abaqambi ukuba balandele lezi zindlela bese kuphela ukusabalalisa lokho okuzuziwe, ukugomela. - kwakuwukukholwa kukaSherhen. Futhi wanamathela kule credo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe ebullient kanye nesiphepho.

USherchen njengomqhubi wayezifundise yena. Waqala njengomdlali we-violist eBerlin Bluthner Orchestra (1907-1910), wabe esesebenza eBerlin Philharmonic. Isimo esisebenzayo somculi, egcwele amandla nemibono, yamholela endaweni yokuma yomqhubi. Kwaqala ukwenzeka eRiga ngo-1914. Ngokushesha impi yaqala. USherhen wayesebuthweni, waboshwa futhi wayesezweni lakithi ngezinsuku zeNguquko ka-Okthoba. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ngokujulile yilokho akubona, wabuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-1918, lapho aqale khona ukuhola amakhwaya asebenzayo. Futhi eBerlin, i-Schubert Choir yenza izingoma zenguquko zaseRussia okokuqala ngqa, zihlelwe futhi ngombhalo wesiJalimane nguHermann Scherchen. Futhi ngakho bayaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kakade kule minyaka yokuqala yomsebenzi womdwebi, isithakazelo sakhe esijulile kwezobuciko besimanje siyabonakala. Akanelisekile ngomsebenzi wekhonsathi, elikhula njalo. U-Sherchen wasungula i-New Musical Society e-Berlin, ushicilela iphephabhuku i-Melos, elinikezelwe ezinkingeni zomculo wesimanje, futhi ufundisa eSikoleni Esiphakeme Somculo. Ngo-1923 waba umlandeli kaFurtwängler eFrankfurt am Main, kwathi ngo-1928-1933 waqondisa i-orchestra e-Königsberg (manje eyiKaliningrad), ngesikhathi esifanayo engumqondisi weKolishi Lomculo eWinterthur, alihola ngezikhathi ezithile kwaze kwaba ngu-1953. eqala ukubusa amaNazi, uScherchen wathuthela eSwitzerland, lapho ake waba khona umqondisi womculo womsakazo eZurich naseBeromunster. Emashumini eminyaka angemva kwempi, wajikeleza umhlaba wonke, waqondisa izifundo azisungula kanye nesitudiyo sokuhlola se-electro-acoustic edolobheni laseGravesano. Isikhathi esithile uSherchen wahola iVienna Symphony Orchestra.

Kunzima ukubala izingoma, umculi wokuqala okwakunguSherhen empilweni yakhe. Futhi hhayi kuphela umculi, kodwa futhi umbhali-co-umbhali, umgqugquzeli wabaqambi abaningi. Phakathi kwenqwaba yemidlalo yokuqala eyenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe kukhona ikhonsathi ye-violin ka-B. Bartok, izingcezu ze-orchestra zika-“Wozzeck” ka-A. Berg, i-opera ethi “Lukull” ka-P. Dessau kanye nethi “White Rose” ka-V. Fortner, “Umama ” ka-A. Haba kanye no-” Nocturne” ka-A. Honegger, isebenza ngabaqambi bazo zonke izizukulwane - kusukela ku-Hindemith, Roussel, Schoenberg, Malipiero, Egk noHartmann kuya kuNono, Boulez, Penderecki, Maderna nabanye abameleli besimanjemanje avant-garde.

U-Sherchen wayevame ukuhlanjalazwa ngenxa yokungafundeki, ngokuzama ukusakaza yonke into entsha, kuhlanganise nalokho okungazange kudlule ububanzi bokuhlolwa. Ngempela, akukona konke okwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe okwazuza amalungelo okuba isakhamuzi esiteji sekhonsathi. Kodwa uSherchen akazange azenzise. Isifiso esingavamile sayo yonke into entsha, ukulungela ukusiza noma yikuphi ukucinga, ukubamba iqhaza kuzo, isifiso sokuthola kubo into enengqondo, edingekayo ihlale ihlukanisa umqhubi, okwenza ukuba athandeke ngokukhethekile futhi asondelene nentsha yomculo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akungabazeki ukuthi uSherchen wayeyindoda enemibono ethuthukisiwe. Wayenesithakazelo esijulile kubaqambi bezinguquko baseNtshonalanga kanye nomculo omncane wamaSoviet. Le ntshisekelo yabonakala ngokuthi uSherkhen wayengomunye wabalingisi bokuqala eNtshonalanga yenqwaba yemisebenzi yabaqambi bethu - uProkofiev, uShostakovich, uVeprik, uMyaskovsky, uShekhter nabanye. Umdwebi wavakashela i-USSR kabili futhi wafaka nemisebenzi yababhali baseSoviet ohlelweni lwakhe lokuvakasha. Ngo-1927, lapho efika okokuqala e-USSR, uSherhen wenza i-Seventh Symphony kaMyaskovsky, eyaba umvuthwandaba wohambo lwakhe. "Ukusebenza kwe-symphony kaMyaskovsky kwaba isambulo sangempela - ngamandla anjalo futhi ngokukholisa okunjalo kwethulwa ngumqhubi, owafakazela ngokudlala kwakhe kokuqala eMoscow ukuthi ungumhumushi omangalisayo wemisebenzi yesitayela esisha, ” kubhala umgxeki wephephabhuku iLife of Art. , ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, isipho esingokwemvelo sokudlalwa komculo omusha, uScherchen futhi ungumdlali ophawulekayo womculo wakudala, awufakazele ngokudlala okusuka enhliziyweni kwefugue ye-Beethoven-Weingartner enzima ngokobuchwepheshe nangobuciko.

U-Sherchen washonela endaweni yomqhubi; ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, ubambe ikhonsathi yomculo wakamuva wesiFulentshi nowasePoland e-Bordeaux, wabe eseqondisa ukudlala kwe-opera ka-DF Malipiero i-Orpheida ku-Florence Music Festival.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek